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Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)
Regional Workshop, Arusha Tanzania
16th – 18Tth October 2007
CASE STUDY OF THE IMPACTS OF MODERN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
PROJECTS FOR SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEMES
By Oscar Lema October 2007
DEADevelopment and Energy in Africa
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Presentation StructurePresentation Structure Energy and MDG’SEnergy and MDG’S
Energy Situation in TanzaniaEnergy Situation in Tanzania
TaTEDO Energy Programmes/Projects InterventionTaTEDO Energy Programmes/Projects Intervention ExperiencesExperiences
About the Tanzania DEA case studyAbout the Tanzania DEA case study
Methodology used to test AFMethodology used to test AF
Assessment Framework Test FindingsAssessment Framework Test Findings
Conclusion & RecommendationsConclusion & Recommendations
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Overview of Energy and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
• Energy improves the Energy improves the quality of peoples life quality of peoples life by providing lighting, by providing lighting, clean water and clean water and healthier cooking healthier cooking methods methods ( MDG 3, 4, ( MDG 3, 4, & 5)& 5)
• Clean energy Clean energy improves the improves the environment and environment and health by replacing health by replacing dirty fuels or wood dirty fuels or wood usage usage (MDG 5 & 7)(MDG 5 & 7)
Cooking on improved Okoa fire wood stove (more than 300,000 stoves in use)
Three-stone fire place and kerosene wick lamp
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• Energy can be used Energy can be used toto
improve production improve production
resulting in incomeresulting in income
generation generation (MDG 1)(MDG 1)
• Finally, and perhaps Finally, and perhaps
most important, most important, energyenergy
can be used tocan be used to
stimulate economic stimulate economic
activity activity (MDG 1,3 & 8)(MDG 1,3 & 8)
Energy and MDG’s cont…
More than 15,000 improved stoves are produces and sold each month by each enterprise
More that 1000 driers have being built year to date
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Energy situation in Tanzania.
The estimated total energy
consumption is more than 22
million tones of oil equivalent
(TOE) or 0.7 TOE per capita.
Energy consumption in rural
areas accounts for about
85%.
Biomass-based fuel accounts
for more than 90% of
primary energy supply.
woodfuel90%
others1%
petroleum8%
electricity1%
Fig: Total energy consumption in Tanzania
Local beer brewing on three stove fire place
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•Human physical energy remains the
main source of energy for agriculture
and transport activities for mostly
women and children.
•Low quality fuels (biomass) used in
inefficient technologies causes in-door
air pollution and contributes to land
degradation.
•More than 90% of Tanzanians have no
access to grid electricity
•Only 2% of rural based Tanzanians
have access to electricity
Energy situation in Tanzania cont….
Rural transportation of firewood
( many hours are wasted)
Traditional metal charcoal stove with low efficiency of 12 – 15%
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• A sustainable modern energy development NGO with more than fourteen years experience in energy technologies development and related environmental conservation practices.
• Registered as a sustainable energy development national NGO, a non profit sharing, membership organization comprised of professionals, enterprises, CBOs, artisans, Individuals, farmers and institutions.
• Charged with the development and promotion of sustainable energy technologies and services.
TaTEDO and Energy Intervention Projects
Half Orange charcoal production kiln
Jatropha-biofuel plant – growing interest from farmers
MFP can use Jatropha Oil – new opportunity for rural development
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TaTEDO vision, mission and goalsVision: Self –reliant and poverty free communities with access to sustainable modern energy services
Mission: To advance popular use of sustainable modern energy technologies by marginalized communities in Tanzania. TaTEDO does this through technologies adaptation, awareness raising, capacity building and advocacy for increased access to sustainable energy services, poverty reduction, self-reliance and environmental conservation
New Solar PV companies are formed
Post harvest losses are reduced
Productive use of biomass energy technologies
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• To improve quality of life of the Tanzanians by contributing to – availability of improved
and sustainable energy services,
– Availability of employment and income generating opportunities essential for poverty reduction.
• To reduce environmental degradation resulting from increased use of wood and fossil fuels.
• Assist the country to reduce dependence on imported energy.
TaTEDO Goals:
Solar PV – local micro financing is necessary
Self built improved mud stove
Solar PV improves quality of life
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TaTEDO undertakes the following activities toachiever vision mission and goals: Promote access to modern energy services for meeting
productive and consumptive energy needs in SMEs, social service centres and households,
Undertake field implementation of sustainable energy programmes and projects.
Provide sustainable modern energy related consultancy services,
Promote efficient and effective management of sustainable energy production and use environment,
Develop networking and partnership with local, national and international organisations,
Manage and disseminate energy information to primary, secondary and other stakeholders,
Lobby and advocate in order to influence energy and environment related policies, strategies and legislations,
Provide sustainable energy enterprises development services, and
Conduct energy related applied researches.
TaTEDO and Energy Intervention Projects
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Tanzania Case study for DEA Project
Case study title: Solar/wind powered Water Pumping Irrigation SchemeWhy this study?
To test the Assessment Framework in the real situation
To identify and examine the developmental impacts of energy
innovations
To use the information obtained to improve on-going and future
energy interventions
Specific Objectives To establish and apply an Assessment Framework for
evaluating
development and poverty impacts of energy interventions
To engage in a dialogue with energy policy makers and other
stakeholders on the basis of the framework, with a view to
incorporating these issues in energy policy.
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About the case study: UNDP Water Pumping /Irrigation projects
Located in Ukerewe Island, a
district in Lake Victoria, Mwanza Region
Comprise of two irrigation schemes
Windmill – Nakatunguru village
Solar PV – Namagubo village
All focused into water pumping for
irrigation using water from Lake Victoria
Funded by UNDP GEF SGP
Implemented by MAFS and managed
by farmers groups
Case study project site
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About the case study cont…..
The projects aimed at:
Increasing crop productivity – food security and income generation
Demonstrating use of RET’s thus safeguarding the environment
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Methodology for testing AF Review of project documents Projects site visits Meetings with Farmers Group
Leaders & District officials
Structured questionnaires Discussions with focus groups
Beneficiaries District officials Ministry of Agricuture and Food Security Project Sponsor
Analysis of data by MS Access
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Assessment Framework Test Findings
Unfortunately none of the projects were operational during AF testing due to:
Lake water level drop caused by climate change – less
rainfall coupled with long dry periods (evaporation)
Increased demand for water by population around the
Lake
However:
Success story revealed by the beneficiaries and other stakeholders
during the first 3 months of projects life indicated positive outcomes and impacts
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Outcomes of the projects Increased awareness on the use of modern
energy for productive use activities
Farmer groups training on: Better farming methods (horticulture, etc.) Managing and maintaining wind /solar
irrigation facility Leadership of groups
Increase in farm sizes From 3 acres to 50 acres
Strengthening community relations Increase in group size
– From 6 to 36 members– From 5 to 60 members
Increased crop productivity Increased access to water
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Impacts of the projects
Although limited, impacts recorded include:• Reduced income poverty (Revealed by beneficiaries during interview after comparing what they used to get before and after the project)• Employment creation – many people resort to farming business
Environmental conservation Use of clean energy sources
Time saving Irrigating once for two days
– Initially irrigating everyday Only for two hours a day
– Initially irrigating 8 hours a day Reduced women drudgery
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Impacts/ Outcomes Array
Increased Farm sizes
Increased social
relation
Increased productivity
Wind/Solar powered irrigation schemes
Access to Clean Energy Service
Engage on other productive activities
Increased income
generation
Time saving Reduce work load
Better living standards
Improved health
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Assessment framework and findings
Activity
Small-scale irrigation using wind or solar energy for pumping water from Lake Victoria
Output Increased access to water for irrigation
Use of outputs Domestic use Agricultural use
Outcome Time saving Reduced water borne diseases
Increased agricultural production
Increased re-forestation
Employment
Use of the Outcome
Subsistence Use
Commercial Use
ImpactImproved social relations (gender)
Improved health
Reduced hunger
Economic enhancement
Forest conservation
Reduced income poverty
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Lessons Learnt by TaTEDO for improving the AFThe following lessons are quite critical to take into consideration during the planning and designing of energy intervention projects and programmes:
Taking of baseline information for effective M + E
undertaking
Clear institutional set –up for effective implementation
Clear ownership and involvement/participation of the
beneficiaries
for effective project management
Clear impact assessment mechanism for ensuring
project sustainability.
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Conclusions Based on these findings AF is an important tool
during project planning, designing, implementation
and in the M + E,
Major setback for the successful
implementation of the two projects is the
drastic drop of water level in Lake Victoria
In relation to the MDGs and Tanzania NSGRP the
wind/solar powered technology is appropriate for
irrigation projects. If successful, could have strong
positive impacts on poverty reduction, gender and
environmental sustainability.
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The information obtained through application of AF are useful to our National Energy Policy in:
• Improving policy implementation strategies• Institute appropriate enforcing Laws and Regulations• Improving mechanisms for projects monitoring and evaluation• Applying impact assessment mechanism for ensuring sustainability
Conclusions……
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Recommendations Baseline information is vital during project planning
to be able to determine project viability, measure progress and assess impacts
There is a need to incorporate monitoring and evaluation component in project planning from local level to national level
Need to strengthen capacity for different stakeholders on the issues of development- poverty-energy linkages
Create awareness and capacity building to planners in various sectors in order to get energy integrated into planning to implementation
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Need to conduct farmers/ beneficiaries awareness raising on the essential linkages between energy, environment and development.
Different stakeholders involvement from very beginning of project planning, implementation and management is crucial for project success and sustainability
System re-designing may be required to cope with the existing situation
Recommendations ……
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P. O. Box 32794,Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: +255-22-2700771/2700438
Fax: +255-22-2774400
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.tatedo.org