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Types proof cont. DNA-Similar DNA sequences showing close relationships (chimpanzees are 98% similar to humans) Vestigial structures- parts with no current function but functional in ancestor (pelvis in whale)
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1 Define fossils. • Preserved remains of life from an
earlier time
2 What are the other 4 types of proof that scientists use to prove evolution and
give an example of each. Homologous structures-
• parts with similar pattern but may have different functions (arm and wing)
Types proof cont. • DNA-Similar DNA sequences showing close
relationships (chimpanzees are 98% similar to humans)
• Vestigial structures- parts with no current function but functional in ancestor (pelvis in whale)
Types proof cont.• Embryological structures- study of
organisms in earliest stages (mammals have gill slits and tails as embryos)
• Fossil record- showing a pattern of change among living things (can be used to show mass extinction & other changes) (casts, molds etc.)
3 Define evolution. • Species changing over time
4 What is used to prove mass extinction?
• Fossil record
5 Who was famous for the hypothesis that species
change over time?• Charles Darwin
6 What is natural selection and what does it directly act on?
• Positive characteristics get passed on to offspring and through generations. They act upon a phenotype.
7 What increases the chance that a species will survive?
• Genetic diversity
8 What are mutations?• Copying errors in DNA
9 What is mimicry?• Resembling another species by
behavior or physical appearance
10 What is camouflage?• Blends into surrounding to avoid
predators
11 Nature determines if a variation is what?
• Useful
12 Draw a directional selection diagram.
13 What population increases in the directional selection
diagram• Favors one of the extreme variations of
the trait
14 Draw a stabilizing selection diagram.
15 What population increases in stabilizing selection?
• Favors the average trait
16 Draw a disruptive selection diagram.
17 What population increases in disruptive selection?
• Both extreme variations of the trait
fittest• 18 Complete this saying, “Survival of
the __________”
19 Who does genetic drift affect?
• Small isolated populations
20 Define genetic equilibrium.• No change in a population over many
generations
21 Put the following in order from smallest to largest & define:
Organism- community - ecosystem -population -
biosphere. Biome
• Next slide
Cont. from previous • Organism-1 individual• Population-more than 1 of the same
species• Community-more than 1 species
Cont.• Ecosystem-abiotic and biotic in a similar
area• Biome-areas with similar characteristics• Biosphere-from the lowest part of Earth to
the highest point above Earth where living organism exist
22. Define niche.• Different roles that an organism fills in
its environment
23. A population can grow if the following occur:
• Increased Birthrate• Decreased death rate • Increased Immigration• Decreased Emigration
24. Define exponential growth and its causes.
• Exponential is when there is a constant growth with unlimited resources (no limiting factors stopping the increase)
25. Define logistic growth and its causes.
• Increase in population that levels off because of limiting factors (such as food or space).
26. What is abiotic? Give an example
• Things that are not living and have never been living. Examples: metal, plastic etc.
27. What is biotic? Give an example.
• Anything living or once living-Ex. Flowers, humans, bears, etc.
• 28. What is an _________ or plants make their own food and __________ or animals must consume plants or other animals for food.
autotroph
Heterotroph
• 29. In an energy pyramid____ % of the energy is lost to the environment and
• ____ % is passed up to the next level.
90
10
• 30 Fill in the blanks. Producers-_________ consumer-___________ consumer-___________ consumer.
primary
secondary
tertiary
• 31 What do the following consume?• Herbivores-eats only
plants/autotrophs• Carnivores-Eats only animals• Omnivores-Eats both plants and
animals
32 Who benefits in the following type of relationships
• Mutualism-+/+• Commensalism-+/0• Parasitism-+/- (but
no death)• Predator/prey-+/-
(with death of one organism)
33 what are the key steps in the water cycle?
34 what are the 2 key processes involved in the carbon cycle?
• Cell respiration and photosynthesis
35 What helps convert nitrogen to different forms?
• Bacteria