1

Crisis and Rebirth in Europe

Late Medieval 1300-1650 Ch 24-25,27

Plagues- Revolts- Wars and Famine

Religious CrisisReformation and Renaissance

2

Economic, Social and HealthCrisis

• A- Famine- partly bad weather• B- Plagues caused havoc(see map p 273)

– types Bubonic (Black Death) Pneumonic– blamed sin, flagellation

• C- Peasant revolts- reduction in pop-– lords still wanted work- not enough serfs– Jaquire in France 1358, English peasants

revolt in 1381 AND then

3

Political CrisisHundred Years War 1337-

1453• Begin- fight over Gascony (last English

province in France) Edward III claimed French throne-

• English win stunning victory at Crecy soldiers paid with strong long bow

• France too big too unify under Eng.- Henry V at Agincourt

• Joan of Arc- French loose battles but win the war

4

Other Changes

• 1. Feudalism breaking down towns increasing and kings becoming stronger raise own armies- issue right to tax

• 2. England - long struggle to establish Tudor kings (War of Roses)

• 3. Spain - Christians uniting to force out Moors

• 4. Russia forces out the Mongols• 5. Ottoman Turks take Byzantium 1453

5

Holy Roman EmpireRevisited

• still disunity but in 15th century Charles V rules Spain, Germany, Italy

• never able to control Italian city states

• has to deal with reformation in Germany

• Charles breaks up Empire and retires

6

Religious Crisis

• Western Church spits with the Eastern orthodox 1054

• Papacy moves to Avignon- French king powerful- resented by others

• Vote for another pope- est Two popes - called another Great Schism

• Corruption, conflict - selling church position and indulgences for sins led to--------------->

7

Intellectual ReawakeningCh 25 The Renaissance

• Began in Italy- means “rebirth” some see as beginning of modern age with emphasis of individualism

• 1. rebirth of classics- began to study Aristotle, Plato reconcile antiquity with Christianity

• 2. Humanism- saw potential in humans- belief in education, change and hope

8

Philosophy of Renaissance (cont)

• 3. to make people virtuous , see the possibility in improving

• 4. looked to Greeks and Romans- recognized they were superior

• 5. basis for scientific thought• And even your gen Ed classes- try to

make you an “educated, well rounded human i.e. renaissance (wo)man.”

9

The Reformation ch 27

• Many movement to reform- John Hus in 1415 had called for end of corruption went to Council at Constance- burned

• Council said they were directly connected to God and everyone had to listen

• popes themselves not the models of virtue- supported arts and relatives

10

The Reformers

• Martin Luther- deeply religious priest- never intended break, but would not back down at Worms “Here I stand”– escaped, translated Bible to German-

began a political and religious struggle in Germany- Most of North became Lutheran

• Erasamus 1536t popularized Christian Humanism and inner piety

11

More Reformers

• John Calvin 1564t systematic reformer– from France to Geneva- set up theocracy– inspired John Knox- carried reform to

Scotland

• Zwingli 1531t priest in Zurich got rid of relics and images, replaced liturgy with Scripture reading, prayer and sermon, died in battle