Upload
ashlee-merritt
View
219
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Computer SoftwareComputer Software
Unit CUnit C
2
ObjectivesObjectives
Introduce Computer SoftwareIntroduce Computer SoftwareExplain How Computers Interpret Explain How Computers Interpret SoftwareSoftwareExplore Operating SystemsExplore Operating SystemsCompare Operating SystemsCompare Operating SystemsDefine Document Production Define Document Production SoftwareSoftwareDefine Spreadsheet SoftwareDefine Spreadsheet Software
3
ObjectivesObjectives
Define Database Management Define Database Management SoftwareSoftwareDefine Graphics SoftwareDefine Graphics SoftwareDefine Business and Science Define Business and Science SoftwareSoftwareDefine Entertainment and Define Entertainment and Education SoftwareEducation SoftwareUnderstand Licenses and Understand Licenses and CopyrightsCopyrights
4
Software CategoriesSoftware Categories
System SoftwareSystem Software
Application SoftwareApplication Software
5
System SoftwareSystem Software
Operating Operating SystemsSystems
Device Device DriversDrivers UtilitiesUtilities ProgrammingProgramming
LanguagesLanguages
DOSDOS
WindowsWindows
LinuxLinux
UNIXUNIX
Mac OSMac OS
6
Application SoftwareApplication Software
DocumentDocumentProductionProduction
SpreadsheetSpreadsheetSoftwareSoftware
AccountingAccounting& Finance& Finance
MathematicalMathematicalModelingModeling
StatisticalStatistical
EntertainmentEntertainment
DataDataManagementManagement
GraphicsGraphics
MusicMusic
VideoVideo EducationalEducational
ReferenceReference
7
Software TopicsSoftware Topics
Computer programComputer program– main executable program (.exe)main executable program (.exe)
Support module Support module – called by the program (.dll)called by the program (.dll)
Data module Data module – Example: a dictionary file or a file that is Example: a dictionary file or a file that is
not supplied by the usernot supplied by the user
8
How Computers Interpret How Computers Interpret SoftwareSoftware
Computer programmers write Computer programmers write instructions for programsinstructions for programs
Most businesses purchase Most businesses purchase software instead of writing their software instead of writing their ownown
9
How Computers Interpret How Computers Interpret SoftwareSoftware
Computer languagesComputer languages– Source codeSource code– High-level languages: COBOL, C++, JavaHigh-level languages: COBOL, C++, Java
Machine languageMachine language
CompilerCompiler– Creates object code in single batchCreates object code in single batch
InterpreterInterpreter– Converts one instruction at a timeConverts one instruction at a time– Common with web-based scripts (part of web Common with web-based scripts (part of web
page)page)
10
Operating SystemsOperating Systems
Interacts with application Interacts with application software, device drivers & software, device drivers & hardware to manage computers hardware to manage computers resourcesresourcesMultitaskingMultitaskingGUI (graphical user interface)GUI (graphical user interface)UtilitiesUtilitiesBootstrap program is stored in Bootstrap program is stored in ROMROM
11
Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories
Single user:Single user: PCs and handhelds PCs and handhelds
Multi-user:Multi-user: mainframes or mainframes or centralized computer processingcentralized computer processing
Network/Server:Network/Server: serves as router to serves as router to local computer processinglocal computer processing
Desktop:Desktop: desktop or notebook PC; desktop or notebook PC; single-user, but could handle single-user, but could handle networkingnetworking
12
Operating SystemsOperating Systems
Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows – 80% of PCs80% of PCs
Mac OSMac OS
UNIX UNIX – dependable in multi-user environmentdependable in multi-user environment
Linux Linux – free; good for web serversfree; good for web servers
DOSDOS
Palm OS and Windows Mobil OSPalm OS and Windows Mobil OS– For handheldsFor handhelds
13
Using the Windows Operating Using the Windows Operating SystemSystem
Most programs use a Most programs use a graphical graphical user interface (GUI).user interface (GUI).
The most common operating The most common operating systems for PCs today is systems for PCs today is Microsoft Windows.Microsoft Windows.
Other GUI operating systems are Other GUI operating systems are Mac OS and Linux.Mac OS and Linux.
14
The Windows InterfaceThe Windows Interface
Common Windows elements Common Windows elements include:include:Desktop—the user’s basic Desktop—the user’s basic workspace.workspace.– Taskbar—includes the Taskbar—includes the Start buttonStart button, ,
toolbarstoolbars, and , and task buttonstask buttons..– Windows—rectangular areas inside Windows—rectangular areas inside
which programs, documents, and which programs, documents, and other content is displayed.other content is displayed.
– Menus—used to issue commands.Menus—used to issue commands.
15
16
The Windows Interface, The Windows Interface, Cont’d.Cont’d.
Individual windows can also contain:Individual windows can also contain:
– IconsIcons
– MenusMenus
– ToolbarsToolbars
– HyperlinksHyperlinks
– Dialog boxesDialog boxes
17
18
19
Opening Windows and Opening Windows and Starting ProgramsStarting Programs
Click a taskbar toolbar button.Click a taskbar toolbar button.
Click a desktop icon if it looks like a hyperlink.Click a desktop icon if it looks like a hyperlink.
Double-click a desktop icon if it doesn’t look Double-click a desktop icon if it doesn’t look like a hyperlink.like a hyperlink.
Click the Start button and then select the Click the Start button and then select the desired program from the Start menu.desired program from the Start menu.
In any window that displays documents In any window that displays documents stored on the PC, double-click a document to stored on the PC, double-click a document to open it.open it.
20
21
Manipulating WindowsManipulating Windows
ActiveActive window—the window in which window—the window in which commands will currently be executed.commands will currently be executed.MinimizingMinimizing, , maximizingmaximizing, and , and closingclosing windows—use sizing buttons at top right windows—use sizing buttons at top right corner of window.corner of window.ResizingResizing and moving windows—drag and moving windows—drag window border or title bar.window border or title bar.
ScrollScroll bars—used to see more bars—used to see more information not currently shown in the information not currently shown in the window.window.
22
23
Shutting Down the ComputerShutting Down the Computer
Standby mode Standby mode reduces power reduces power consumption and wear-and-tear on consumption and wear-and-tear on the PC. the PC. To turn off the PC, it should always To turn off the PC, it should always be shut down through the Start menu.be shut down through the Start menu.Save and close all open documents Save and close all open documents and programs. and programs. – Select the Select the Shut DownShut Down option at the bottom of option at the bottom of
the Start menu.the Start menu.
– Choose the appropriate option.Choose the appropriate option.
24
Using the Internet and World Using the Internet and World Wide WebWide Web
The The Internet Internet is a worldwide collection of is a worldwide collection of networks connecting millions of computers all networks connecting millions of computers all over the world. over the world. The The World Wide Web World Wide Web is the collection of is the collection of Web Web pages pages accessed through the Internet. accessed through the Internet.
Computers that host Web pages are called Computers that host Web pages are called Web Web serversservers..
A collection of related Web pages is called a A collection of related Web pages is called a Web site.Web site.
25
What Is a Browser?What Is a Browser? A Web browser is a program used to view Web
pages. Common browsers:
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Netscape Navigator MSN Explorer Opera
Wireless phones and other small devices use microbrowsers.
26
Accessing the InternetAccessing the Internet
Your PC or other device being used must be Your PC or other device being used must be connected to a computer (usually owned by connected to a computer (usually owned by your ISP) that is continually connected to the your ISP) that is continually connected to the Internet.Internet.
You can be connected via a You can be connected via a direct direct or or always-always-on on connection, or a connection, or a dial-up dial-up connection.connection.
Internet service providers (ISPs) Internet service providers (ISPs) function as function as an onramp to the Internet and typically charge an onramp to the Internet and typically charge a monthly feea monthly fee
Can also access the Internet at libraries, Can also access the Internet at libraries, schools, and other public locations.schools, and other public locations.
27
Internet AddressesInternet Addresses
An An Internet addressInternet address identifies a resource identifies a resource available through the Internet, such as a available through the Internet, such as a person, computer, or Web page. person, computer, or Web page. IP addressesIP addresses (e.g. 207.46.134.222) and (e.g. 207.46.134.222) and domain names domain names (e.g. microsoft.com) (e.g. microsoft.com) identify computers available through the identify computers available through the Internet. Internet. URLsURLs (e.g. www.course.com) identify a (e.g. www.course.com) identify a Web page on the Internet.Web page on the Internet.E-mail addressesE-mail addresses (e.g. (e.g. [email protected]) identify a person on [email protected]) identify a person on the Internet.the Internet.
28
29
30
Using Bookmarks and the Using Bookmarks and the History ListHistory List
Visited Web pages are recorded Visited Web pages are recorded in the browser’s in the browser’s history listhistory list..
To save Web page URLs on a To save Web page URLs on a more permanent basis, use more permanent basis, use bookmarksbookmarks or or favoritesfavorites. .
31
Searching the WebSearching the Web
A A search site search site typically uses a typically uses a search search engineengine in conjunction with a huge in conjunction with a huge database of information about Web database of information about Web pages to retrieve information.pages to retrieve information.Keyword search: keywords are typed Keyword search: keywords are typed into a search box and then hyperlinks into a search box and then hyperlinks for matching Web pages are displayed. for matching Web pages are displayed. Category search: a series of Category search: a series of increasingly specific categories are increasingly specific categories are selected until links for matching Web selected until links for matching Web pages are displayed. pages are displayed.
32
33
E-MailE-Mail and Other Types of Online and Other Types of Online CommunicationsCommunications
Electronic mail (e-mail)Electronic mail (e-mail) refers to refers to electronic messages exchanged between electronic messages exchanged between computers over a network and can be sent computers over a network and can be sent to anyone with an Internet e-mail address.to anyone with an Internet e-mail address.E-mail programs, E-mail programs, such as Netscape Mail such as Netscape Mail and Microsoft Outlook, are used to send and Microsoft Outlook, are used to send and receive e-mail.and receive e-mail.
Web-based e-mailWeb-based e-mail, such as Yahoo! Mail , such as Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail, can be accessed with just a and Hotmail, can be accessed with just a Web browser.Web browser.
34
35
Sending and Receiving E-MailSending and Receiving E-Mail
E-mail can be sent and received over private E-mail can be sent and received over private networks, over the Internet, or over some networks, over the Internet, or over some combination of the two. combination of the two. E-mail hyperlinks on Web pages can be used to E-mail hyperlinks on Web pages can be used to start an e-mail message using your e-mail program. start an e-mail message using your e-mail program. To send an e-mail, supply the recipient’s e-mail To send an e-mail, supply the recipient’s e-mail address, type a subject line and the message, and address, type a subject line and the message, and click the appropriate Send button.click the appropriate Send button.
Many e-mail programs also enable users to attach Many e-mail programs also enable users to attach files and maintain an address book.files and maintain an address book.
36
Managing E-MailManaging E-Mail
Sent and received messages are stored Sent and received messages are stored in separate folders, and deleted e-mail in separate folders, and deleted e-mail messages are moved to some type of messages are moved to some type of Trash or Deleted Items folder. Trash or Deleted Items folder.
Create additional folders to organize the Create additional folders to organize the e-mail you would like to keep. e-mail you would like to keep.
Delete unneeded e-mail messages Delete unneeded e-mail messages periodically and then empty the Trash periodically and then empty the Trash folder to free up space on your hard folder to free up space on your hard drive. drive.
37
Discussion Groups, Chat, Discussion Groups, Chat, Instant Messaging, and MoreInstant Messaging, and More
Discussion groupsDiscussion groups—participants read and post —participants read and post messages.messages.
Chat roomChat room—participants chat in real time.—participants chat in real time.
Instant messagingInstant messaging—private form of chat between —private form of chat between friends and business associates.friends and business associates.
VideoconferencingVideoconferencing—face-to-face meetings via the —face-to-face meetings via the Internet.Internet.
Internet telephonyInternet telephony—phone calls via the Internet.—phone calls via the Internet.
38
NetiquetteNetiquette
Guidelines Guidelines for online for online behaviorbehavior
39
Societal Implications of Societal Implications of CyberspaceCyberspace
SecuritySecurity
PrivacyPrivacy
Differences in online communicationsDifferences in online communications
The anonymity factorThe anonymity factor
Information integrityInformation integrity
40
Summary SlideSummary Slide
Starting your computer: the boot processStarting your computer: the boot process
Using the Windows operating systemUsing the Windows operating system
Using the Internet and World Wide WebUsing the Internet and World Wide Web
E-mail and other types of online E-mail and other types of online communicationscommunications
Social implications of cyberspaceSocial implications of cyberspace
41
42
Document Production SoftwareDocument Production Software
Use to compose, edit, Use to compose, edit, design, print or design, print or electronically publish electronically publish documentsdocumentsTypesTypes– Word processing (Word)Word processing (Word)– Desktop publishing Desktop publishing
(PageMaker)(PageMaker)– Web authoring (Front Page)Web authoring (Front Page)
43
Document Production ElementsDocument Production Elements
FormattingFormatting
Page LayoutPage Layout
Headers/FootersHeaders/Footers
ClipartClipart
TablesTables
FramesFrames
Spell checkSpell check
Word wrapWord wrap
MarginsMargins
StylesStyles
44
Spreadsheet SoftwareSpreadsheet Software
Use for numerical calculations and Use for numerical calculations and graphsgraphs
Rows and columns Rows and columns
Worksheet, cell, cell referencesWorksheet, cell, cell references
Cells can containCells can contain– ValuesValues– LabelsLabels– FunctionsFunctions– FormulasFormulas
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
45
Spreadsheet SoftwareSpreadsheet Software
Formulas vs. functionsFormulas vs. functions
Relative vs. absolute cell Relative vs. absolute cell referencingreferencing
Automatic recalculationAutomatic recalculation
TemplatesTemplates
What-if analysisWhat-if analysis
Not always best for businessNot always best for business
46
Data Management SoftwareData Management Software
Use to store, find, organize, update Use to store, find, organize, update and report informationand report information
Database: collection of related filesDatabase: collection of related files
Records and fieldsRecords and fields
47
Data Management SoftwareData Management Software
Using database software you can:Using database software you can:– Import and export dataImport and export data– Query records in a particular fieldQuery records in a particular field
• SQL (Structured Query Language)SQL (Structured Query Language)• Natural query languageNatural query language• Query by example (QBE)Query by example (QBE)
– Print reportsPrint reports
Always use information appropriatelyAlways use information appropriately– Data integrityData integrity– PrivacyPrivacy– CopyrightCopyright
48
Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software
Use to create, display, modify, Use to create, display, modify, manipulate and print graphicsmanipulate and print graphicsPaint software:Paint software: realistic art and realistic art and photosphotosPhoto Editing software:Photo Editing software: simplifies simplifies common editing taskscommon editing tasksDrawing software:Drawing software: uses vector figures uses vector figures & shapes to create “cartoon-like” & shapes to create “cartoon-like” images.images.
49
Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software
3-D Graphics software:3-D Graphics software: create wireframes and then create wireframes and then cover with a texturecover with a textureCAD (computer-aided CAD (computer-aided design):design): 3-D software 3-D software designed for architects and designed for architects and engineersengineersPresentation software:Presentation software: creates electronic slides like creates electronic slides like thesethese
50
Business SoftwareBusiness Software
Accounting & FinanceAccounting & Finance– Personal financePersonal finance– Tax preparationTax preparation– Small business accountingSmall business accounting
Vertical MarketVertical Market– Hospitals, construction, schoolsHospitals, construction, schools
Horizontal MarketHorizontal Market– Generic like payrollGeneric like payroll– Project managementProject management
GroupwareGroupware– Help collaboration on group projectsHelp collaboration on group projects
51
Science SoftwareScience Software
Statistical/graphing softwareStatistical/graphing software
Mathematical modeling softwareMathematical modeling software– Math CADMath CAD
52
Software SuitesSoftware Suites
A collection of application A collection of application software sold in a packagesoftware sold in a package– Microsoft Office, Star Office, Open Microsoft Office, Star Office, Open
Office, WordPerfect OfficeOffice, WordPerfect Office
Available for productivity, Available for productivity, antivirus, and graphicsantivirus, and graphics
Cost and usabilityCost and usability
53
Entertainment SoftwareEntertainment Software
Audio editing (sound recorder)Audio editing (sound recorder)
GamesGames
MP3 playerMP3 player
Video editing (Adobe Premiere)Video editing (Adobe Premiere)
MusicMusic•Ear trainingEar training
•NotationNotation•Computer-aided musicComputer-aided music
•MIDI sequencingMIDI sequencing
54
Educational SoftwareEducational Software
Learn and practice new skillsLearn and practice new skills– ArithmeticArithmetic– ReadingReading– LanguagesLanguages– TypingTyping– SATSAT
Reference software (CD-ROMs)Reference software (CD-ROMs)
55
ESRB RatingsESRB Ratings
Entertainment Software Ratings Entertainment Software Ratings BoardBoard
Rated over 7000 video and Rated over 7000 video and computer gamescomputer games
Symbols indicate age groupsSymbols indicate age groups
Content descriptorsContent descriptors– Violence, language, etc.Violence, language, etc.
56
License vs. CopyrightLicense vs. Copyright
Software License:Software License: a legal contract that a legal contract that defines the ways in which you may use defines the ways in which you may use a computer program.a computer program.Copyright:Copyright: a form of legal protection that a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original work an grants the author of an original work an exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell and modify that work.and modify that work.Software piracySoftware piracyFor contract to take effect:For contract to take effect:– Open a shrink-wrap license productOpen a shrink-wrap license product– Agree to an installation agreementAgree to an installation agreement
57
Types of Copyright ProtectionsTypes of Copyright Protections
Commercial: Commercial: License adheres to License adheres to limitations of copyright lawlimitations of copyright lawShareware:Shareware: try before you buy on try before you buy on the honor systemthe honor systemFreeware:Freeware: no fee - can use, but not no fee - can use, but not alter or sellalter or sellOpen Source:Open Source: uncompiled source uncompiled source code that can be changed - sold or code that can be changed - sold or freefreePublic Domain:Public Domain: can be copied, can be copied, altered and resoldaltered and resold
58
Types of LicensesTypes of Licenses
Single-userSingle-user
Site licenseSite license
Multiple-userMultiple-user
Concurrent-userConcurrent-user
59
Tech Talk: Installing SoftwareTech Talk: Installing Software
System requirementsSystem requirements– Operating system and minimum hardware Operating system and minimum hardware
capacitiescapacities
Steps (setup.exe)Steps (setup.exe)– Copy files to hard driveCopy files to hard drive– Uncompress if necessary (Win Zip)Uncompress if necessary (Win Zip)– Verify system requirements metVerify system requirements met– Select appropriate device driversSelect appropriate device drivers– Necessary system files/players (Media Player)Necessary system files/players (Media Player)– Update registry and program menu Update registry and program menu
Uninstall routine or Windows Uninstall routine or Windows Add/Remove programsAdd/Remove programs
60
IssueIssue
Is Privacy Is Privacy a Problem?a Problem?
61
Computer SoftwareComputer Software
EndEnd