1 CLIC Workshop 2015, 26 – 30 January 2015 Gerardo D’Auria_Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste The XbFEL Project (X-band technology for FELs) G. D’Auria (Elettra

11CLIC Workshop 2015, 26 – 30 January 2015Gerardo D’Auria_Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste

The XbFEL Project (X-band technology for FELs)

G. D’Auria(Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste)

On behalf of the XbFEL collaboration


Outline

Short overview of the XbFEL Project• The XbFEL Collaboration

• Motivations for using X-band technology

• Objectives

• Concept and approach

• RF module

Present activities

Future plans

Concluding remarks


The X-band technology for FELs (XbFEL)

is a project submitted for EU funding in September 2014 to

HORIZON2020 - Work Programme 2014 – 2015

Research & Innovation Action (RIA)

INFRADEV-1-2014 Design StudiesThe specific challenge and the aim of this activity is:

“to support the conceptual and technical design and preparatory actions forNew Research Infrastructures,

or Major upgrades of Existing Infrastructures”

The XbFEL Project

Topic TitleRegist.

(incl. drafts)Submitted Eligible

RequestedEC contrib.

AvailableEC budget

INFRADEV-1-2014 Design Studies 85 39 37 € 91.656.002 € 15.000.000

~ 5-6 proposals funded

Call numbers:


The evaluation process has been based on the three main sections of

the proposal: Excellence, Impact and Implementation, with the score

in the range 0-5.

We got:

• Excellence → 4 (very good)

• Impact → 4 (very good)

• Implementation → 5 (excellent)

Given the budgetary resources available under the call

Not enough to be funded!

Evaluation process

13 in total


ST Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy.CERN CERN Geneva, Switzerland.JU Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.STFC Daresbury Laboratory Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UKSINAP Shangai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China.VDL VDL ETG T&D B.V., Eindhoven, Netherlands.OSLO University of Oslo, Norway.IASA National Technical University of Athens, Greece.UU Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ASLS Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia.UA-IAT Institute of Accelerator Technologies, Ankara, Turkey.ULANC Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.

XbFEL is a collaboration among several laboratoriesaimed at promoting the development of X-band technology for FEL

based photon sources.

XbFEL Collaboration


The X-band technology has demonstrated the possibility

to operate at gradients higher than 100 MV/m with an

Ea > 100 MV/m and a BDR/m < 3 x 10-7.

This has multiple advantages for the FEL users

community:

• very compact Normal Conducting Linacs, significantly cheaper

than superconducting machines

• higher efficiency

• costs reduction

• possibility to go to a high repetition rate (up to kHz regime).

Why X-band technologyWhy X-band technology


FERMI FEL Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste• Linac energy increase → FEL shorter wavelenghts (≤ 1 nm)• Possibility to operate with two linacs at the same time (two e-beam pulses at

different energies) Ankara University (Turkish X-ray FEL)

• 6 GeV linac → FEL wavelengths 0.1-10 nm• Possibility to operate at high rep rate (up to 500 Hz)

Australian Synchrotron (AXXS–Australian X-band X-ray Source)• Plans for a 6 GeV linac

SINAP Shangai • Proposal for hard X-FEL (6.5 GeV) submitted to Chinese government.

STFC• CLARA FEL Test Facility (Ultra short pulse generation). An S-band linac module

(Linac 4) will be replaced with an X-band module as test bed for this technology on FELs.

CERN• CERN has no direct interest in Synchrotron Light Sources and FELs, but the activities

on XbFEL will have strong return value for the CERN CLIC project: i.e. accelerator and RF components optimization, further technical developments with industry, costs reduction, etc.

Interests for X-band FELs_I


A long-term interest also exists for:

Jagiellonian University_Polish Synchrotron Light Source SOLARIS• Solaris linac energy increase 600 MeV → 1.5 GeV, allowing full energy

injection without any additional costly civil engineering.• Long-term development of a compact VUV - Soft X-ray HGHG.

Oslo University • The possibility for a compact FEL based on X-band technology has been

presented to the Norwegian light source user community. Several scientists have shown interest for a National Facility.

Uppsala University

National Technical University of Athens

Lancaster University

Interest for X-band FELs_II


The demand for new FEL facilities is worldwide continuously

increasing, spurring plans for new dedicated machines. This led to

a general reconsideration of costs and spatial issues, particularly

for the hard X-ray sources, driven by long and expensive multi-GeV

NC linacs.

For these machines the use of X-band technology can greatly

reduce cost and capital investment, reducing the linac length and

the size of buildings, opening the way to the construction of a

multitude of affordable “Regional Facilities”.

Interest for X-band FELs_III


FERMI Upgrading schemeFERMI Upgrading scheme

12

1.5 GeV 4-80 nm

3.5 GeV < 1 nm

S-band linactwo e-bunches/RF pulse

HF bunchseparator

Two separate linacs at 50 HzS-band → 1.5 GeVX-band → 3.5 GeV


• The XbFEL project intend to validate the use of the X-

band technology for the construction of the future FEL

based photon sources.

• This will be pursued designing, assembling and testing

an X-band accelerating module that can be used as a

baseline element for new FEL facilities or the upgrading

of existing ones.

XbFEL objectivesXbFEL objectives

N.B. For the technology development and dissemination of the results, the project will be

carried out in close collaboration with industry (VDL), member of the consortium.


XbFEL_Concept and approach

To reach the XbFEL objective, three different FEL schemes will be

considered:

1. a green field hard X-ray FEL

2. a green field soft X-ray FEL

3. an upgrade of an existing FEL facility

With the specific goals to:

a. Develop CDRs for the three different scenarios mentioned above

b. Identify and develop a common RF unit for the linacs (RF accel.

struct., components, etc.)

c. Build and test prototypes of the key components.

d. Promote the capability of industry to provide such components.


RF phase advance

2π/3 3π/4

a/lambda 0.145 0.145

d/h 0.1313 0.1

Pt 401 MW 401 MW

Ls 1 m 1 m

# klystrons 10 10

# structures 10 x 4 = 40

10 x 4 = 40

a 3.62 mm 3.62 mm

d 1.09 mm 0.937 mm

vg/c 3.75 % 3.29%

tp 90 ns 102 ns

Qe 18000 19000

Constant Impedance Accelerating Structure with input power coupler only

A. Grudiev, HG2013 workshop

X-band module layoutX-band module layout

P CRF load

Klystron

Pulse compressor

Hybrid

HV Modulator


Present activitiesPresent activities

At present the Collaboration activity is focused on a bi-weekly

Web meeting, “the X-band FEL parameters meeting”, organized

by D. Schulte, A. Latina and myself, where relevant topics on X-

band FEL developments are presented and discussed.

Recent issues (Dec. 18, 2014):• Bunch Compression Schemes for X-band FELs, T. Charles, Australian

Synchrotron- Monash University• Sensitivity studies for X-band FEL design, Tasos Charitonidis (NTUA)• Planned Oslo work in the XbFEL collaboration, Erik Adli, Oslo University

Recently we have also discussed about the possibility to use the

CALIFES linac for X-band FEL beam studies and developments.


430 kV modulator

50 MW Klystron

RF Pulse compressor LLRF

Vacuum controllers

Future plans IFuture plans I

The road map is already defined and,

after the signature of the EU Grant

Agreement (May – June 2015), the

project will start with the activities

already planned in the XbFEL

workplan (July 2015 - June 2018).

Two possible scenarios for the near future:

a) The project is fundedX

N o t f u

n d e d


430 kV modulatorRF Pulse compressor LLRF

Vacuum controllers

Future plans IIFuture plans II

b) The project is not funded

It would be extremely

important to keep the

XbFEL collaboration “alive”

and the working group on

the X-band technology

development for FEL active.

• Continue the periodic Web meetings, to strengthen the collaboration, fostering further developments of X-band technology.

• Define a reduced work program (i.e. extracted from the workplan already submitted to EU).

• Organize dedicated meetings/workshops, (may be twice per year, one during the annual CLIC workshop, the other one in June/July), to define and check the strategic guidelines.

• Continue to work on the X-band module development identifying a baseline solution for FEL applications (accel. struct., RF components, etc).

• Evaluate new funding possibilities and opportunities.


Linac design based on FEL users requirements (i.e. wavelength

range, energy per pulse, pulse duration, pulse structure, etc.).

Beam dynamics studies, bunch compressors, deflecting

cavities, bunch spreaders.

Timing and synchronization schemes.

Identify and develop a common hardware solutions for the

accelerating unit.

Component fabrication

RF module assembly and high power tests

Main topics for future activitiesMain topics for future activities

If possible


The XbFEL project strongly promote the use of the X-band technology for the future FEL based photon sources.

This would allow the construction of these facilities with a technological solution that is more efficient in terms of costs, space and power than the conventional ones.

The activities on the XbFEL will also have a strong return value for the CERN CLIC project.

Concluding remarks

It is extremely important to maintain the XbFEL Collaboration active

regardless of the EU funding!


AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

My special thanks to the whole XbFEL Collaboration.

In particular:

L. Giannessi, M. Kiskinova, C. Masciovecchio, A. Santelli, Elettra-Sincrotrone TriesteA. Latina, D. Schulte, S. Stapnes, W. Wuensch, CERN, Geneva C. Bocchetta, Jagiellonian University, KrakowJ. Clarke, Daresbury Laboratory Cockcroft Institute, DaresburyW. Fang, Shangai Institute of Applied Physics, ShanghaiX.J.A. Janssen VDL ETG T&D B.V., EindhovenE. Adli, University of OsloE. N. Gazis, National Technical University of AthensM. Jacewicz, R. Ruber, Uppsala University, UppsalaM. J. Boland, Australian Synchrotron, ClaytonA. Aksoy, Ö. Yavaş, Institute of Accelerator Technologies, Ankara, Turkey.G. Burt, Lancaster University, Lancaster


HG2015HG2015

The 8th International Workshop on

High-Gradient Acceleration

HG2015this year will be hosted by

Tsinghua University

June 16-19, 2015

Documents

1 CLIC Workshop 2015, 26 – 30 January 2015 Gerardo D’Auria_Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste The XbFEL Project (X-band technology for FELs) G. D’Auria (Elettra