1 Chuck Koscher, CrossRef New Developments Relating to Linking Metadata Metadata Practices on the Cutting Edge May 20, 2004 Chuck Koscher Technology Director,

Chuck Koscher, CrossRef1

New Developments Relatingto

Linking Metadata

Metadata Practices on the Cutting EdgeMay 20, 2004

Chuck Koscher

Technology Director, CrossRef

[email protected]


CrossRef’s Mission

To provide services that bring the scholar to authoritative primary content, focusing on services that are best achieved through collective agreement by publishers

– Journals– Books– Conference proceedings– Dissertations– Patents– Gray literature– Etc…


CrossRef Indicators

307 participating publishers 290 libraries and consortia 33 agents and affiliates 11.1 million items, 9,500 journals 6 million DOI resolutions/month >2.5 million DOIs retrieved per month ~300,000 records updated per month 650,000 book and proceedings DOIs


DOI Resolutions

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

Jan-01 May-01 Sep-01 Jan-02 May-02 Sep-02 Jan-03 May-03 Sep-03 Jan-04

DOI Resolutions

DOI links being ‘clicked’


How DOIs & CrossRef Work

Constant address of the Resolver

DOI used to ‘lookup’the entity’s URL

Publisher of the target entity

11. Deposit article meta-data to

CrossRef with the DOI & URL2. Query CrossRef for the DOI using

meta-data3. Present the referring article to the

user with reference links active as DOIs

4. The user clicks on a link5. Their browser sends the link to the

DOI Resolver6. The Resolver finds the URL and re-

directs the user to the target document

HTTP://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80789-9

Publisher of the referring entity

2

User

3 ReferrerSource

4

Referent

5

6Service

Target


CrossRef Developments

Main CrossRef developments: DOI lookups are now free (costs shifted to the depositing publisher)

Article network via reference links has reached critical mass (DOIs are mainstream)

Forward Linking (cited-by links)

CrossRef Search Cross-publisher full text search

Multiple resolution (the next thing)

DOIs in Online Full TextDOIs in Online Full Text

DOIs in Reference CitationsDOIs in Reference Citations


DOIs as Article LocatorsDOIs as Article Locators


Publish Ahead of PrintPublish Ahead of Print


Forward Linking

Many publishers/hosting platforms offer this service now but only for intra-site references. CrossRef extends the reach to inter-site/inter-publisher.

Publishers deposit the list of references in the article An opt-in service available to CrossRef members

A new query to get the list of articles that cite a target article

Alerts will be sent when a new article is deposited that cites the target


Forward Linking


CrossRef Search powered by Google

CrossRef Search Pilot Cross-disciplinary, full text search of journals

and conference proceedings Normal Google search with results limited to

authoritative scholarly content Content also available in regular Google

searches


CrossRef Search cont’d

Publishers have CrossRef Search boxes on their normal search pages

Pilot to run through end of 2004 Evaluation of functionality, ranking, end user feedback

DOIs used for indexing articles and linking from search results back to publisher

Optional for CrossRef members – participation in Pilot to be expanded in 2004





Multiple Resolution

The user makes a choice


Multiple Resolution

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5555/sample-doi">The Link Text</a>

<script src="http://www.crossref.org/MRServlet/milonic_src.js"></script>

…

<script src="http://www.crossref.org/MRServlet/MR/10.5555/sample-doi? The%20Link%20Text"></script>

Single resolution link:

Multiple resolution link:

Construction of a ‘normal’ link Vs a multiple resolution link


Multiple Resolution

Management of the underlying metadata

DOI => One URL, that being the location of the article at the publisher’s site (default format)

DOI => URL of the article at the publisher’s site (default format, e.g. HTML) + URL of the article in other formats (Word, PDF, text..) + URLs of related links (journal home page, supporting data … etc) + URLs of other locations of the article (institutional repositories) + URL of services (rights procurement, document print ..)

Single resolution link:

Multiple resolution link:


Multiple Resolution

How will it work? CrossRef will define the framework (menu taxonomy, policies, tools, procedures)

Target content owners will decide what they want on the menus of their items (third parties must work with the content owner to get their interests included in a menu)

Source content owners agree to use multiple resolution style links (the menu content is not controlled by the owner of the link, its controlled by the target of the link)


OpenURL and DOIs/CrossRef

CrossRef helps solve the appropriate copy problem by providing a ‘reverse’ DOI lookup (DOI in / meta-data out)

http://doi.crossref.org/servlet/query?id=10.1006/jmbi.2000.4282&pid=<USR>:<PWD>

CrossRef offers an OpenURL 1.0 compliant resolver

http://doi.crossref.org/resolve?pid=<USR>:<PWD>&aulast=Maas &title= JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

&volume=32&issue=3 &spage=870&date=2002

(This resolver will redirect you to the target document)

OpenURL and DOI are complementary technologies


Metadata – Lessons learned What does linking with metadata and the movie The Matrix have in common?

People Vs. the machines

But what about standards? Standards do not address semantics Real world users can break anything!

Help me mister wizard?

Parsers catch <50% of the problems, lots of ‘utility’ programs

Big drivers: Policy, governance, existing practice

Collect more than you need, you’ll figure out a use for it later

History is important, keep track of it!


IDF Metadata Interoperabilityindecs Data Dictionary (iDD)

CrossRef is a registration agency (one of nine globally) for the International DOI Foundation

The IDF’s mission is to promote and oversee the use of the DOI as a universal identifier (ANSI/NISO Z39.84-2000 )

As an identifier the DOI is powerful because of the underlying metadata system

A scaleable distributed registry



Each RA operates in specific sectors

They have their own metadata schema

Through policy the IDF promotes inter-RA operability

Definition of a kernel metadata set common to any DOI regardless of sector applicability

Construction of common tools (API) to access the registry

Construction of a cross-schema map, the iDD



The iDD is fully developed and is undergoing trials

What does the iDD do?

A schema is input to the iDD by mapping its terms to a structured ontology

Metadata interoperability devices (exchange schemas) are drawn from the iDD

http://www.doi.org/factsheets/DOIDataDictionaries.htmlMetadata interoperability means enabling information that originates in one context to be used in another in as automated a way as possible


Chuck Koscher

Technology Director, CrossRef

[email protected]

WWW.CROSSREF.ORG

Documents

1 Chuck Koscher, CrossRef New Developments Relating to Linking Metadata Metadata Practices on the Cutting Edge May 20, 2004 Chuck Koscher Technology Director,