1

Chlamydomonas

GREEN ALGAE (Chlorophytes)

20

Chlorella

4 Volvox 26 Pandorina

Pediastrum ScenedesmusHydrodictyon

Cosmarium

3 Oedogonium

18 SpirogyraCladophora

Zygnema

24

23

25 Cladophora

27 Ulva

2

Caulerpa

9

12 Acetabularia Chara

1

Chlamydomonas

Light Reaction

mRNA

30

Origin of Plants

PLANTGR ALG

GR ALG

GR ALG

GR ALGGR ALG

GR ALG

5

6

12

Chara

Coleochaete

Plant

Chloroplast

Chl a Chl b

Pigments

Primary Endosymbiosis

15

Which Cyanobacterium: Prochloron (?)

13

14 Euglena

SECONDARY ENDOSYMBIOSIS

16

17

OTHER SYMBIOSIS (MUTUALISM? PARASITISM?)

Phylogenetic Hypothesis A

Phylogenetic Hypothesis B

1 http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/LB_2824_ Chlamydomonas_nivalis_x1000b.jpg

2 http://www.solpugid.com/cabiota/ulva_lobata.jpg

4 http://www.lima.ohio-state.edu/biology/images/volvox.jpg

3 http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/ LB%20933%20Oedogonium%20foveolatum.jpg

5 http://ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/aquaplants/photos/chara.jpg

6 http://www.dgsgardening.btinternet.co.uk/moss.JPG

7 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Chlorophyta/Oedogonium_Images/ Zygote_MC_.tn.jpg

8 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/reefalgae/Algal%20digital%20or%20web% 20images/Egerod%20Caulerpa%20lentillifera%20300%20dpi%20web%20 image.jpg

9 http://www.geneseo.edu/~Bosch/Ecology/Caulerpa.jpg

10 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgoct05/Scenedesmus-opoliensis.jpg

12 http://www.surialink.com/HANDBOOK/Genera/image_greens/ Acetabularia_pics/Acetabularia_300.jpg

11 http://www.botany.ubc.ca/keeling/BIOL332/PrimarySecon.jpg

13 http://www.panspermia.org/secondary.jpg

14 http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/ALGAL_IMAGES/euglenophytes/ Euglena_n4_dollartow56_402_b.jpg

15 http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~inouye/ino/cy/prochloron.GIF

16 http://www.nps.gov/archive/olym/lichen/struct.jpg

17 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Lichens/Foliose_lichen_130_d.gif

18 http://www.uog.edu/classes/botany/474/images/spirogyra_conj_prep3755.jpg

19 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot311/ Chlorophyta/SpirogyraBig500.jpg

20 http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/47350/chlorella2.gif

21 http://www.dees.dri.edu/Projects/Trbm/cladophora.jpg

22 http://www.riverrevitalizationfoundation.org/Images/10_04Cladophora.jpg

25 http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/Images/Chlorophyta/Cladophora/sp_1c.jpg

23 http://www.dees.dri.edu/Projects/Trbm/cladophora.jpg

24 http://www.riverrevitalizationfoundation.org/Images/10_04Cladophora.jpg

26 http://www.nies.go.jp/biology/mcc/images/100images/nies-0211.jpg

27 http://www.nies.go.jp/biology/mcc/images/100images/nies-0211.jpg

28 http://www.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/classes/bot125/resource/ graphics/g/chl_oedogonium.jpg

29 http://genesis.ocean.org.il/pictures/animals/Ulva.jpg

30 http://inapinkbox.com/store/images/Enchantment%20-%20Asiatic%20 Lilies%20Flower%20Bouquet.jpg

31 http://ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/aquaplants/photos/chara.jpg