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CHAPTER 9

MATERIAL MANAGEMENT

Demeulemeester Yves

BR3 Dismantling project

SCK•CEN

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Work Organization

Dismantling Cutting

Temporary storage

Sorting

Treatment Characterization Evacuation

Identification

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Objective

• Traceability of material from production to removal

From the point of view of external services

Asked by the regulatory authority

Information flow between the operator and the contractant (others services)

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Traceability

From the point of view of the operator:

Improvement of decommissioning experience

Allow the right treatment process in function of type of material or component

Allow the right evacuation route in function of the history of the material

Allow the calculation of decommissioning cost

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Tools

• History of the plant

• Inventory of material (components, circuits and building)

• Database

• QA program related to material and waste management

• Specific tools (weighting pallet jack, drum scanner,

sticker)

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Working methodology followed during the actual dismantling

DISMANTLING

CUTTING, SORTING AND IDENTIFICATION

TEMPORARY STORAGE

TREATMENT

TEMPORARY STORAGE

CHARACTERIZATION (RADIOLOGICAL)

REMOVAL

RADIOLOGICALWASTE

UNCONDITIONALRELEASE

CONDITIONALRELEASE

CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSICAL)

DATAACQUISITION

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REMOVAL ROUTES BR3

SORTING

MATERIALS

METALS

CONCRETE

ManualCleaning

AbrasiveZOE

ChemicalMEDOC

ShavingScabbling

CLEARANCE

RADIOACTIVEWASTE

ConcreteRecycling

Melting forClearance

Melting forRecycling

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DISMANTLING

CUTTING, SORTING AND IDENTIFICATION

TEMPORARY STORAGE

TREATMENT

TEMPORARY STORAGE

CHARACTERIZATION (RADIOLOGICAL)

REMOVAL

RADIOLOGICALWASTE

UNCONDITIONALRELEASE

CONDITIONALRELEASE

CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSICAL)

DATAACQUISITION

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DISMANTLING

• Using different techniques Thermal cutting techniques Mechanical cutting techniques Hydraulic cutting techniques

• More details: Chapter 11

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DISMANTLING methodology – BR3

• Contaminated pieces Cut into large pieces on place Further cutting into smaller pieces

in ventilated cutting boothRadiological reasonsBetter place to use thermal techniques

• Activated pieces Under water PWR design

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DISMANTLING methodology – BR3

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DISMANTLING

CUTTING, SORTING AND IDENTIFICATION

TEMPORARY STORAGE

TREATMENT

TEMPORARY STORAGE

CHARACTERIZATION (RADIOLOGICAL)

REMOVAL

RADIOLOGICALWASTE

UNCONDITIONALRELEASE

CONDITIONALRELEASE

CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSICAL)

DATAACQUISITION

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Creation of “batches”

Batch : Group of materials that will follow the same removal route

A batch can be:

300 l container

200 l drum

400 l drum

Single large piece e.g. a reservoir

Every batch carries a unique label

unique number

content of the batch

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• Description Dismantling instruction

Inventory records

Loop, pieces of …

Dimensions - diameters

Type of material (stainless steel, carbon steel, painted …)

Origin (area, place in area…)

Identification of a BATCH at BR3

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Batch types at BR3

200-l drum

300-l container

Single piece

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DISMANTLING

CUTTING, SORTING AND IDENTIFICATION

TEMPORARY STORAGE

TREATMENT

TEMPORARY STORAGE

CHARACTERIZATION (RADIOLOGICAL)

REMOVAL

RADIOLOGICALWASTE

UNCONDITIONALRELEASE

CONDITIONALRELEASE

CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSICAL)

DATAACQUISITION

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Storage

• Mostly not foreseen for the exploitation

• Need of extra buildings or storage places on site during decommissioning

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Examples

External storage (BR3)

Interim Storage North

(Greifswald)

Internal storage (BR3)

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DISMANTLING

CUTTING, SORTING AND IDENTIFICATION

TEMPORARY STORAGE

TREATMENT

TEMPORARY STORAGE

CHARACTERIZATION (RADIOLOGICAL)

REMOVAL

RADIOLOGICALWASTE

UNCONDITIONALRELEASE

CONDITIONALRELEASE

CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSICAL)

DATAACQUISITION

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Treatment

• Mostly decontamination Mechanical methods (e.g. sandblasting,

scabbling) Chemical methods

• See Chapter 10

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DISMANTLING

CUTTING, SORTING AND IDENTIFICATION

TEMPORARY STORAGE

TREATMENT

TEMPORARY STORAGE

CHARACTERIZATION (RADIOLOGICAL)

REMOVAL

RADIOLOGICALWASTE

UNCONDITIONALRELEASE

CONDITIONALRELEASE

CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSICAL)

DATAACQUISITION

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Radiological Characterization

• Waste and melting Easy detectable isotopes: γ-spectroscopy Difficult detectable isotopes: isotope vector

and radiochemical analysis.

• Unconditional clearance Surface measurements (Bq/dm²) “Mass” measurements (Bq/g)

• Techniques and equipments See chapter 8

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Radiological Characterization

• Unconditional clearance methodology at BR3 Producer suggests the characterization

methodology to be used Health Physics and Authority approve it Try to find standard methodologies

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DISMANTLING

CUTTING, SORTING AND IDENTIFICATION

TEMPORARY STORAGE

TREATMENT

TEMPORARY STORAGE

CHARACTERIZATION (RADIOLOGICAL)

REMOVAL

RADIOLOGICALWASTE

UNCONDITIONALRELEASE

CONDITIONALRELEASE

CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSICAL)

DATAACQUISITION

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Classic “characterization”

• After nuclear clearance looking at the classical safety aspects of the material Asbestos Heavy metals (Pb, Hg, …) Oils and greases TL-tubes …

• National (and or Regional) regulations

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DISMANTLING

CUTTING, SORTING AND IDENTIFICATION

TEMPORARY STORAGE

TREATMENT

TEMPORARY STORAGE

CHARACTERIZATION (RADIOLOGICAL)

REMOVAL

RADIOLOGICALWASTE

UNCONDITIONALRELEASE

CONDITIONALRELEASE

CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSICAL)

DATAACQUISITION

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Example: High activated internals

• Dismantling: mechanical techniques (circular and band saw) under water

• Characterization Sampling: swarfs Radiochemical analysis → isotope

vector• Removal

Special racks 400-l drum

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Example: High activated internals

• 49 transports

• 118.3 tons of metal

• 14.7 TBq

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Example: High activated internals

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Example: High activated internals

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Example : Asbestos

• Specialized firm

• Unable to decontaminate

• Removed as radioactive waste (compressible waste)

• 286 200-l drums

• 13.2 tons

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Example : Asbestos

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Example : Asbestos

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DISMANTLING

CUTTING, SORTING AND IDENTIFICATION

TEMPORARY STORAGE

TREATMENT

TEMPORARY STORAGE

CHARACTERIZATION (RADIOLOGICAL)

REMOVAL

RADIOLOGICALWASTE

UNCONDITIONALRELEASE

CONDITIONALRELEASE

CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSICAL)

DATAACQUISITION

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Example: Turbine shaft

• One piece removal

• Decontamination: CO2-blasting

• 1 measurement with ISOCS

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Example: Turbine shaft

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Example: Encapsulated lead

• Lead from a shielding wall

• During the melting taking of samples

• Radiochemical analysis

• Around 40 tons

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Example: Encapsulated lead

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Example: Encapsulated lead

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• Video

Example: Encapsulated lead

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Data acquisition

The content of a batch, its status and its location must be known at each moment…

All relevant information is on a label

All this information is put into a database including the location of the batch

Implementation of a Quality Assurance system

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Evacuation of Radwaste

CHARACTERISATION OF THE RADIOACTIVE WASTE

MEASURING AND CHARACTERISATION

Complete SL-form

STORAGE BEFORE REMOVAL OF THE SITE

AGREEMENT DRAB

REMOVAL OF THE WASTE TO BELGOPROCESS

ArchivingSL-form

STORAGE

REMOVAL FROM THE SITE

Transfer data of inventory records

Yes

Mat. Mgm : NaI or NanospecSNM : Q² or SGS

Materials Management

Mat. Mgm

Mat. Mgm.

DRAB

Materials Management

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Evacuation of Free released materials

TreatmentWithout

treatment

APPLICATION OF THE FREE RELEASE PROCEDURE

TREATMENT

MEASURING AND CHARACTERISATION

Setting up free release file

Completion of the free release file

TEMPORARILY STORAGE

APPROVAL HEAD OF HEALTH

PHYSICS

SORTING FOLLOWING CONVENTIAL NORMS

SORTING AGAIN .

No

Yes

REMOVAL OF THE MATERIAL FROM SITE

Transfer data of inventory records

Archiving free release file

FREE RELEASE

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Evacuation to Melting Facility

Treatment

CHARACTERISTION

STORAGE BEFORE REMOVAL OF THE SITE

AGREEMENT OF Health Physics

and DRAB

REMOVAL OF THE MATERIAL FROM THE SITE

Transfer of the data of the inventory

records

Archiving melting file

PRELIMINARY DECONTAMI-

NATION

Yes

No

SMELTING FOR FREE RELEASE

SMELTING foR RECYCLing

NoSetting up of a melting file

Yes

Yes

Yes

Mat. Mgm : NaI or NanospecSNM : Q² or SGS

Mat. Mgm.

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• UPDATING DATABASE

• UPDATING INVENTORY’S RECORDS

AFTER EVACUATION

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DATABASE