1 Chapter 9 Charismatic and Transformational Leadership Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3 rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

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Chapter 9Chapter 9

Charismatic and Charismatic and Transformational Transformational

LeadershipLeadership

Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

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Summary of Lecture 16, 17

Group VS Team

Types of Groups

Group Development Stages

Group Think

Social Loafing

Building successful team

Team Leader role

Team Creativity

Team Decision Making


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Summary of Lecture 18

Nature of self-managed teams.

Difference between traditional team & SMT.Benefits of SMT.Challenges of implementing SMT effectively.Guidelines for improving SMT effectiveness.Stages of group development.Role of team facilitator in SMT.Distributed leadership in SMT.


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Learning Objectives

Charisma and Charismatic Leadership

Max Weber on charismatic leadership.

Locus of charismatic leadership.

Personal Meanings Purpose of Life


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Introduction

Exemplary leader having extraordinary effect on personal lives, society, culture, economic and political system

Focus on collective interest instead of self interest

Great influence and commitment to vision

Create strong sense of commitment and excitement to generate self sacrifice and work for visionary future

Work beyond call of duty


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Weber’s CharismaticLeadership

Influence based on follower perceptions that the leader is endowed with the gift of divine

inspiration or supernatural qualities.

Charisma a fire that ignite followers

Heroism, revolutionary ideals, inspire and build confidence,

“Charisma is distinct social relationship between the leader and follower, in which leader present revolutionary idea, a transcendent image or ideal... while the follower accept this course of action not because of its rational likelihood of success but because of an effective belief in the extraordinary qualities of the leader”


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CHARISMA

Charisma is Greek word means “divinely inspired”

The process of influencing major changes in the attitudes and assumptions of organization members, and building commitment for the organization’s objectives

The special quality that gives someone power and authority over a large number of people


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Model of Personal Meaning and Charismatic Leadership

LeaderPersonalMeaning

LeaderBehavior

Attributions of CharismaticLeadership


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Personal Meaning

Meaningfulness and purpose of life

“The degree to which people’s lives make emotional sense

and that the demands confronted by them are perceived as

being worthy of energy and commitment.”

Personal meaning a great force of motivation


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Sources of Personal Meaning

Self-concept/identitySelflessnessLegacyActivist mindset (social services)AltruismCulture and traditionsPolitical/social orientationSpirituality and religionHobbies/personal pursuits (open or close minded, high or low risk takers)Values/ideals


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Locus of Charismatic Leadership1) Is Charisma result of 1) situation 2) leader's qualities and 3) interaction of situation and qualities?

Argument in favor: Charismatic leadership does not work until society is in crises, stressful situation, in state of deprivation, or inequality

2) Is charisma based on extraordinary qualities not on situation?For Example: Quaid-e-Azam

Charismatic leader build personal meaning of followers, give purpose to their lives especially in time of crises


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More Modern Theories state that Charisma may result from

The situation or social climate facing the leader

The leader’s extraordinary qualities

An interaction of the situation and the leader’s qualities

This view is gaining credibility


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Attribution Variablesof Leader Charisma

Leader behavior depends on personal meaning and purpose of life

Attribution of charisma depend on these behavioral variables 1) Discrepancy gap between status quo & the vision

2) Vision articulation (positive image of future and negative image of current situation, unacceptable present situation) & Role modeling (self sacrifice, love, dedication toward cause)

3) Use of unconventional strategies

4) Realistic assessment of resource needs & constraints


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Vision Content and Context

Nature of the status quo

Nature of the future vision

Manner future vision will remove discontent & provide fulfillment of follower hopes

Plan of action for realizing vision


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Charisma and Unconventional Behavior

To transcend the existing order

Evoke sentiments of adoration

Exemplifies heroism, personal risk, & self-sacrifice

Counter to the norm


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Charisma & Resource Needs Assessment

Very good strategists

Perform realistic resource & constraint assessments

Sensitive to capabilities & emotional needs of followers

Align strategies & capabilities to insure transformation


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Effects of Charismatic Leadership

Charismatic leadership is defined in relation to influence of leader on followers or relationship between leaders and followers

Trust in “rightness” of vision

Similarity of followers’ & leader’s beliefs & values

Heightened sense of self-confidence

Acceptance of higher or challenging goals

Identification with & emulation of leader

Unconditional acceptance of leader

Strong affection for leader

Emotional involvement

Unquestioned loyalty


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EmpowersOthers

Visionary

SelfPromoting

VerbalSkills

MinimumInternalConflict

High EnergyAction

Orientation

Inspires Trust

High RiskOrientation

SelfConfidence

Moral Conviction

RelationalPowerBase

CharismaticCharismaticLeaderLeader

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

CharismaticCharismaticLeaderLeader

CharacteristicsCharacteristics


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VISION

The ability to imagine different and better conditions and ways to achieve them

Future orientation

See the difference in how things are and how they should be


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COMMUNICATIONS SKILLSGreat rhetorical skills

Especially oral

Can speak about the vision and make the followers “see it”

Think of MLK,Jr’s “I Have A Dream” speech

Writing, while important, is not as powerful


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SELF CONFIDENCE & MORAL CONVICTION

Unshakable self confidencePassed on to followers

True faith in the “cause”

Strong moral beliefs

Willingness to sacrificeSelf & followers


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TRUST

Followers have total trust and belief in the leader and the “cause”

Show commitment to followers, who return it


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ACCEPT RISKWilling to be at great personal riskProfessionally

Physically

Willing to risk the followers

Use unconventional (risky) strategies & methods to achieve goals


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HIGH ENERGY & ACTION ORIENTATION

Show emotion in what they doLeads to high energy

Take action

Serve as role models for followersWho show high energy to emulate the leader

Who take actions the leader wants


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RELATIONAL POWER

Charismatic leaders have high referent and expert power

Followers feelAwe, trust, identification, devotion, common

beliefs, unquestioning acceptance, affection

Emotional Bond


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ABILITY TO MINIMIZE INTERNAL CONFLICT

Through strength of belief

With referent power

Due to follower belief in the leader and the cause


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WILLINGNESS & ABILITY TO EMPOWER

Know they need the efforts & ideas of others

Let the subordinate leaders do those things they are able to do

Often take credit for followers’ ideas and efforts

Encourage followers to take more responsibility


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SELF-PROMOTING

Beat their own drums

Campaign for “the cause”

Explain their vision to all who will listen or read


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Discussion Question 1: What are leading characteristics of charismatic leaders?

Question 2: Why is the theory of charisma described as a double-edged sword?

Discussion Question 3: Can you give example of Charismatic leaders who make their case through charismatic personality, vision and excellent communication?

Discussion Questions


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Learning Objectives

Charisma and Charismatic Leadership

Max Weber on charismatic leadership.

Locus of charismatic leadership.

Personal Meanings Purpose of Life


Documents

1 Chapter 9 Charismatic and Transformational Leadership Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3 rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning