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Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner

Ulrich Priesmeyer

Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

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Material Management

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Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste

• type and quality of construction materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel

• age of the plant

• operational history

• availability of clearance levels for materials

... is in general determinded by

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Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor Operations and Decommissioning in m³

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Major Primary Waste Stream

Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods, laboratory furniture...) Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural materials...) Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...) Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs, floors, shielding walls, room walls... Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition activities of activated or contaminated materials. Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps. Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...) Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.

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Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment

• classification of operations

• waste processing

• costs

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Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least

• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted release of material

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Ways of disposal

Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous Re-use

Melting

Deconta-mination

Re-use

Release for Conventional

Dump

Refuse Disposal Site

Conditioning

Final Repository

Radioactive Waste

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Structure for material flow

f in a l d isp o sa lin g e o lo g ica l

s tru c tu res

a s ra d io a c tiv w a s te

d o m e s tic w a s ted u m p

b u ild in g w a s ted u m p

w a s tein c in e ra tion

o th e r typ e o fd isp o s it ion

co n ve n tio n a l

d isp o sa l

b u ild in g s

co m p on e n ts

re u se

u n re s tric tedre cyc lin g

re cyc lin gw ith in the

n u c le a r f ie ld

co n tro lledre cyc lin g

re cyc lin g

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cyc ling

re u sa b le m a te ria ls,co m p on e n ts

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Definitions and working steps duringtreatment of material

material arising during decommissioning

checking if reuse or recycling is possible

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product

treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.

waste product

packaging

waste package

yes reuse

no

container

conditioning

interim storage final disposal

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Decontamination measures forpossible waste streams

negative

contaminated pieceof material

measurement or calculation of the contamination

decontamination for the purpose of reuse

measurement of decontamination success

material can be reused ?

decontamination for the purpose of recycling

measurement of decontamination success

material can be reused ?

economical investigation

1. cost / benefit-analyses

2. risk / benefit-analyses

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

choice of the appropiate decontamination process

decontamination for the purpose of segmentation

measurement of decontamination success

Conditioning and packaging

reuse recycling disposal as conventional

waste

final disposal

Above release limit

positive

lower than

release limit

no no

yes yes

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Example: KRB A

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Initial Status

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Mass Flow of contaminated andactivated Material at KRB A

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Material Balance at KRB A

7,075 Mg

5,348 Mg

1,708 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

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Material Flow during Decommissioning

systems + components

operating material tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release recycling waste

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Turbine Hall at KRB A

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Factors for Material Management

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Disposal or Recycling ?

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Example for contaminated material:Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

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Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

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Material Balance of a Steam Generator

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Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

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Separation of Insulation and Copper

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Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

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View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

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Example for activated Material:Dismantling of RPV Internals

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Container for Final Storage

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MOSAIK - Container

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Classification of RPV Material

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New Waste Container

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Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

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Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

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Technical Measures and Methods for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Liquid Waste

- Incineration

- Fixation

- Filtration, Decantation

- Evaporation

Solid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Compaction

- Super-Compaction

- Incineration with super-compaction of ashes)

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Waste Conditioning Methods

Material Possible Treatment Internal Packagingand Transportation

External Packagingand Transportation

mixed material,

e.g cable, electriccomponents, smallparts

(super-) compaction pellets

container for pellets(suitable for finaldisposal)

measurements forunrestricted release

decontamination

small containers(boxes) Container

melting 200-1 drums

metallic components

final disposal small containers(boxes)

container for finaldisposal

isolation material (super-) compaction pellets container for pellets(suitable

for final disposal)

decontamination

release

concrete:blocks, debris

final disposal

small container container (suitable forfinal disposal)

secondary wastes:protection cloths, foils,etc.

incineration or similarprocesses

bags container for finaldisposal (after super-compaction of ashes)

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In-drum Compactor

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Burnable Waste Compactor

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FAKIR - Supercompactor

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FAKIR - Supercompactor

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FAKIR - Supercompactor

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PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant