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1
Chapter 5 Chemical Quantities and Reactions
5.5Types of Reactions
2
Type of Reactions
Chemical reactions can be classified as
• combination reactions.• decomposition reactions.• single replacement reactions.• double replacement reactions.
3
Combination
In a combination reaction,• two or more elements form one product.• or simple compounds combine to form one product. +
2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s)
SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)
A B A B
4
Formation of MgO
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
5
Decomposition
In a decomposition reaction, • one substance splits into two or more simpler
substances.
2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g)2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)
6
Decomposition of HgO
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
7
Learning Check
Classify the following reactions as 1) combination or 2) decomposition.
___A. H2(g) + Br2(g) 2HBr(l)
___B. Al2(CO3)3(s) Al2O3(s) + 3CO2(g)
___C. 4Al(s) + 3C(s) Al4C3(s)
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Solution
Classify the following reactions as 1) combination or 2) decomposition.
1 A. H2(g) + Br2(g) 2HBr(l)
2 B. Al2(CO3)3(s) Al2O3(s) + 3CO2(g)
1 C. 4Al(s) + 3C(s) Al4C3(s)
9
Single Replacement
In a single replacement reaction, • one element takes the place of a different element in
another reacting compound.
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
10
Zn and HCl is a Single Replacement Reaction
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
11
Double Replacement
In a double replacement, • two elements in the reactants exchange places.
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
ZnS(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2S(g)
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Example of a Double Replacement
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
13
Learning Check
Classify the following reactions as 1) single replacement or 2) double replacement.
A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(s) + 3H2(g)
B. Na2SO4(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) Ag2SO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
C. 3C(s) + Fe2O3(s) 2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)
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Solution
Classify the following reactions as 1) single replacement or 2) double replacement.
1 A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(s) + 3H2(g)
2 B. Na2SO4(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) Ag2SO4(s) +
2NaNO3(aq)
1 C. 3C(s) + Fe2O3(s) 2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)
15
Learning Check
Identify each reaction as 1) combination, 2) decomposition,3) single replacement, or 4) double replacement.
A. 3Ba(s) + N2(g) Ba3N2(s)
B. 2Ag(s) + H2S(aq) Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
C. SiO2(s) + 4HF(aq) SiF4(s) + 2H2O(l)
D. PbCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) 2KCl(aq) + PbSO4(s)
E. K2CO3(s) K2O(aq) + CO2(g)
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Solution
1 A. 3Ba(s) + N2(g) Ba3N2(s)
3 B. 2Ag(s) + H2S(aq) Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
4 C. SiO2(s) + 4HF(aq) SiF4(s) + 2H2O(l)
4 D. PbCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) 2KCl(aq) +PbSO4(s)
2 E. K2CO3(s) K2O(aq) + CO2(g)
17
Learning Check
Each of the following reactions occur in the formation of smog or acid rain. Identify the type of reaction andbalance each.
A. NO(g) + O2(g) NO2(s)
B. N2(g) + O2(g) NO(g)
C. SO2(g) + O2(g) SO3(g)
D. NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g)
18
Solution
Each of the following reactions occur in the formation of smog or acid rain. Identify the type of reaction andbalance each.
Combination
A. 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(s)
B. N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
C. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
Decomposition
D. NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g)