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PROJECT ONANTICANCER PLANTS

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“Cancer is characterized by rapid and uncontrolled formation of abnormal cells which may mass together to form a growth or tumor, or proliferate throughout the body, initiating abnormal growth at other sites. ”

DEFINATION OF CANCER

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Cancer is leading cause of mortality. It strikes more than one third of the world’s

population and more than 20% all death. Among the cause for cancer are Tobacco,

Viralinfection,Chemicals,Radiation,Enviormental factor and Dietary factor.

CAUSES OF CANCER

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1. More than 30% of cancers are caused by several leading behavioral and environmental risks that are potentially modifible.

2.Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of cancer in the world today.

3. It is responsible for up to 1.5 million cancer deaths a year.

Prevention of cancer

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1.BLADDER CANCER 2.BREAST CANCER 3.COLON CANCER 4.ENDOMETRIAL CANCER 5.KIDNEY CANCER 6.LEUKEMIA 7.LUNG CANCER 8.PANCREATIC CANCER 9.PROSTATE CANCER 10.THYROID CANCER 11.MELANOMA

TYPES OF CANCER

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Death from cancer UK,2008

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Catharanthus roseus. Agapanthus Africanus. Turmeric. Podophyllum. Opium.

ANTICANCER PLANT LIST

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Synonyme-vinca. Family- Apocynaceae. Biological source-Catharanthus is a genus

of flowering plants in the dogbane family,Apocynaceae.

Uses-It use in cancer.

CATHARANTUS ROSEUS

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Catharanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family,Apocynaceae.

Like genus Vinca, they are known commonly as periwinkles.

There are eight species. The C. pusillus, is native to India and

Sri Lanka. The name Catharanthus comes from the

Greek for "pure flower.

CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION

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MECHANISM OF ACTION

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Synonyme-African lily. Family- Amaryllidaceae. Biological source-Agapanthus africanus

(African lily) is a native of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. It has a short stem bearing a tuft of long, narrow, arching leaves 10–35 cm long and 1–2 cm broad, and a central flower stalk 25–60 cm tall, ending in an umbel of 20-30 white, pink or bright blue, funnel-shaped flowers, each flower 2.5–5 cm diameter.

AGAPANTHUS AFRICANUS

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It was introduced to Europe at the close of the 17th century as a handsome greenhouse plant.

There are also double-flowered and larger- and smaller-flowered cultivators.

They may be propagated from offsets or by dividing the rootstock in early spring.

CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION

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Synonyme- Indian saffron,Curcuma,Haridra. Family- Zingiberaceae Part use-Rhizomes Biologcal source- Turmeric consist of dried as well as

fresh rhizomes of the plant known as curcuma longa linn.(C.Domestica) belonging to family Zingiberaceae.

Uses- 1. turmeric is used ascndiment or spice,and

colouring agent,especially for ointments and creams. 2. In china c.wenyjuin has been used in cervical

cancer. 3.Chemically,it is used for the detection of boric

acid.

TURMERIC

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Turmeric is the main species of commerce and is cultivated for its rhizome in india,china and also in shri lanka, Indosia,Peru.

India is major grower with almost 80,000 hectors under this crop producing 1,44,000 tones per annum.

The plant are grow 7 to 9 month after which the rhizomes are harvested ,cooked,dried and then proceed for powder,oleo-resin and curcumin.

CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION

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There are over 3000 preclinical studies on turmeric and its constituents.

Curcumin is considered to be the most active constituent in Curcuma longa.

Curcumin, and turmeric as a whole plant extract, demonstrate antioxidant effects.

Curcumin can protect DNA against single strand breaks induced by single oxygen.

Turmeric extracts, and curcumin specifically, have been demonstrated to be potent anti-inflammatory agents.

MECHANISM OF ACTION

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Synonyme-Indian podophyllum,podophyllum radix,Himalayan may-apple

Family- Berberidaceae Part use-Rhizome and Roots Biological source-Podophyllum consist of

dried rhizomes and roots of podophyllum hexandrum royle or podophyllum emodi well,belonging to family Berberidaceae.

Uses- 1.podophyllum is used the treatment of veneral and other warts.

2.It is also purgative,cholagague and bitter tonic.

PODOPHYLLUM

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The rhizomes and roots are obtained from wild grown plant growing at an altitude of 3000 to 4000 m.

Underground rhizomes remain dorment in winter produced aerial shoots in april to may.

Shoots flower during summer and dried in the sun.

The drug collected in the month of may has higher resin content than that collected in November.

CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION

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Synonyme-Raw opium. Family- Papaverceae. Biological source- somniferum linn.dried or partly

by heat or spontaneous evapuration ,and worked into somewhat irreularly shaped masses or moulded into masses of more uniform size and shape .poppy plant belongs to family Papaverceae.

Uses:1.opium belongs to the category of hypnotics,

sedative and analgesic in which the action is mainly due to morphin.

2.opium alkoloids are semisynthesized like the other medicine.

OPIUM

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In India about 54 thousand hectors of land is under opium poppy cultivation .

Its is under government control ,and cultivation of poppy is restricted to Madhya Pradesh,Rajasthan,and Uttar Pradesh.

The opium collected by this way is either exported or some of the part is further processed at Government opium factory at Ghazipur .

A generalised process is outlined to cover the industrial method for extraction of alkoloid of opium.

CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION

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Medicinal plants have contributed a rich health to human beings.

Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds present in them which are responsible for anticancer activity have to be screened for their valuable information.

This review had given some of the plants possessing anticancer activity for various types of cancer.

CONCLUSION

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Z., Michael S., Eran Ben-A., and Bashar S., Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal-Derived Anticancer Modalities: From Tradition to Molecular Mechanisms, Evidence-Based complementary and Alternative Medicine., 2012,13

Lakshmi S., Padmaja G and Remani P., Antitumour Effects of Isocurcumenol Isolated from Curcuma zedoaria Rhizomes on Human and M urine Cancer Cells, International JournalNof Medicinal Chemistry., 2011, 13.

compounds: A review, BioFactors., 2006, 26, 93–103. Jung M.J., Yin Y., Heo S.I., Wang M.H., Antioxidant and

Anticancer Activities of Extract from Artemisia capillaries, Korean Journal of

Pharmacognosy., 2008, 39, 194-198.

REFRENCE

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THANK YOU.