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BRIEF HISTORY OF SPAINBRIEF HISTORY OF SPAIN

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GEOGRAPHICAL GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

THE THE PENINSULAR PENINSULAR NATURE OF NATURE OF THE THE TERRITORYTERRITORY explains a explains a history related to history related to the sea, from the sea, from which extensive which extensive influences influences arrived. arrived.

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GEOGRAPHICAL GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

BRIDGE THAT BRIDGE THAT UNITES EUROPE UNITES EUROPE AND NORTH AND NORTH AFRICA,AFRICA, forming a forming a link joining historical link joining historical and cultural factors and cultural factors coming from the two coming from the two continents. continents.

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PREHISTORY

(600.000 BC-circa 3.000 BC)

STONE AGE

      Paleolithic and Neolithic

      METAL AGE

Copper, Bronze and Iron

FIRST INVASIONS: Celts, Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians.

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Paleolithic: we lived in caves, Paleolithic: we lived in caves, hunted and collected wild fruit.hunted and collected wild fruit.

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Paleolithic Cave painting : Paleolithic Cave painting : Cave of AltamiraCave of Altamira

The cave paintings in Altamira are the biggest prehistorical painting system known in Europe.

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NEOLITHICNEOLITHIC

Towards the year 5500 BC we Towards the year 5500 BC we discover agriculture, cattle discover agriculture, cattle shepperding and pottery. shepperding and pottery.

Around 3700 BC: the Around 3700 BC: the megalithic megalithic culture appearsculture appears. This early form of . This early form of architecture devices burial architecture devices burial buildings.buildings.

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Metal Age: the beginning of Metal Age: the beginning of architecture with large stone architecture with large stone

monuments called DOLMENS.monuments called DOLMENS.

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The first invasions:The first invasions:

THE CELTSTHE CELTS They arrived at the Iberian Peninsula in the first They arrived at the Iberian Peninsula in the first millenium before Christ and occupied the north.millenium before Christ and occupied the north.

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Also during the first millenium before Also during the first millenium before Christ, Phoenicians and Greeks, great Christ, Phoenicians and Greeks, great travellers and traders, arrived from the travellers and traders, arrived from the

other side of the Mediterranean.other side of the Mediterranean.

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IBERIANSIBERIANS

Along with the Celts, the other ethnic Along with the Celts, the other ethnic group that lived in the Iberian group that lived in the Iberian Peninsula. Peninsula.

The name of our Peninsula derives The name of our Peninsula derives from these people.from these people.

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And then the Romans came.And then the Romans came.

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ROMAN HISPANIAROMAN HISPANIA

The process of acquiring language, The process of acquiring language, customs, culture and economy from customs, culture and economy from Rome is called Romanization.Rome is called Romanization.

This process means the unification of This process means the unification of most European nations and peoples.most European nations and peoples.

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MAP OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

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ROMAN SPAIN ROMAN SPAIN

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MÉRIDA MÉRIDA THEATRTHEATR

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ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

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AL-ANDALUS: ISLAMIC AL-ANDALUS: ISLAMIC SPAINSPAIN

Muslim invasion: In the 8 century (711 AD) Muslims from the East and North Africa control most part of the territory. Spain became al-Andalus.

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MAP OF THE LAND UNDER MAP OF THE LAND UNDER ISLAMIC CONTROLISLAMIC CONTROL

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CÓRDOBA CÓRDOBA MOSQUEMOSQUE

ISLAMIC ART

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THE ALHAMBRA OF GRANADA

ISLAMIC ART: NAZARI DINASTY

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The conquest refers to the historical period in the Iberian The conquest refers to the historical period in the Iberian Peninsula which goes from 718 to 1492 and which is Peninsula which goes from 718 to 1492 and which is

characterized by the peaceful coexistence of Christians, characterized by the peaceful coexistence of Christians, Jews and Muslims within the country and the slow Jews and Muslims within the country and the slow

conquest of the land by Christian Kingdoms from the north.conquest of the land by Christian Kingdoms from the north.

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The catholic kings ISABELLA The catholic kings ISABELLA AND FERDINANDO: a dynastic AND FERDINANDO: a dynastic

alliancealliance Isabella and Ferdinand Isabella and Ferdinand

culminated the Christian culminated the Christian Conquest. Conquest.

The territory became one The territory became one single nation: Spain was single nation: Spain was born.born.

Funded by the Spanish Funded by the Spanish monarchy, Columbus monarchy, Columbus discovered América.discovered América.

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Spanish Habsburg monarchsSpanish Habsburg monarchs

This Austrian This Austrian dynasty ruled dynasty ruled Spain during the 16 Spain during the 16 and the 17 century. and the 17 century.

Great monarchs Great monarchs such as Charles I such as Charles I and Philip II turned and Philip II turned Spain into a world Spain into a world power.power.

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VELÁZQUEZ LAS MENINAS

BAROQUE PAINTING

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16 century: Golden Age of Arts and Literature:Don Quixote

The BorbonsThe Borbons

The Spanish Bourbons (in Spain the name is spelled Borbón and rendered into English as Borbon) came into power in the 18 century.

They still rule the They still rule the country.country.

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19 century19 century

Napoleon invaded Napoleon invaded and conquered the and conquered the country. country.

Spaniards reacted: Spaniards reacted: War of War of Independence .Independence .

IndependenceIndependence

and first Liberal and first Liberal Constitution in Constitution in

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Second Spanish RepublicSecond Spanish Republic

It was proclaimed It was proclaimed in 1931. The new in 1931. The new government tried government tried to modernize and to modernize and develop develop democracy.democracy.

Five years later, a Five years later, a military coup military coup ended the new ended the new regime and a regime and a savage Civil War savage Civil War commenced.commenced. 31

SPANISH CIVIL WARSPANISH CIVIL WAR(1936-1939)(1936-1939)

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FRANCO´S DICTATORSHIPFRANCO´S DICTATORSHIP(1939-1975)(1939-1975)

The Civil War concluded with the The Civil War concluded with the victory of general Franco upon the victory of general Franco upon the Republic.Republic.

The dictatorial regime lasted 40 The dictatorial regime lasted 40 years.years.

After Franco’s death in 1975, the After Franco’s death in 1975, the process called transition enabled the process called transition enabled the development of democracy.development of democracy.

Juan Carlos I of Borbón, became king Juan Carlos I of Borbón, became king of Spain.of Spain. 33

FINALLY, A DEMOCRATIC FINALLY, A DEMOCRATIC SPAINSPAIN

Our constitution Our constitution was composed in was composed in 1978.1978.

Spain turned into a Spain turned into a modern democratic modern democratic country.country.

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After nearly 40 years, people in Spain After nearly 40 years, people in Spain can vote and choose their can vote and choose their

representatives.representatives.

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