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Behavior ModificationBehavior Modification

John Frampton, Psy.D.John Frampton, Psy.D.

Psychologist, Coordinator Niles CentralPsychologist, Coordinator Niles Central

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““Faced with the choice between changing Faced with the choice between changing one’s mind and proving there is no need to do one’s mind and proving there is no need to do so, almost everyone gets busy on the proof”so, almost everyone gets busy on the proof”

-John Kenneth Galbraith-John Kenneth Galbraith

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Three Types of Behavior Three Types of Behavior Learning TheoryLearning Theory

1.1. ContiguityContiguity

2.2. Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

3.3. Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning

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Behavior Modification GoalsBehavior Modification Goals

Five possible goals of behavior modification:Five possible goals of behavior modification:

1.1. Develop a new behaviorDevelop a new behavior

2.2. Strengthen a behaviorStrengthen a behavior

3.3. Maintain an established behaviorMaintain an established behavior

4.4. Stop inappropriate behaviorStop inappropriate behavior

5.5. Modify emotional behaviorModify emotional behavior

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Developing a New BehaviorDeveloping a New Behavior

Shaping - reward successive steps to the final Shaping - reward successive steps to the final behaviorbehavior

ApproximationApproximation Continuous ReinforcementContinuous Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement principleNegative Reinforcement principle CueingCueing Skill InstructionSkill Instruction

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Strengthen a BehaviorStrengthen a Behavior

Decreasing Reinforcement Principle - require Decreasing Reinforcement Principle - require longer periods of time or more targeted longer periods of time or more targeted behaviors for reinforcement to occur.behaviors for reinforcement to occur.

Intermittent RewardIntermittent Reward

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Maintain an Established Maintain an Established BehaviorBehavior

Substitution Principle - To change reinforcers Substitution Principle - To change reinforcers when a previously effective reward is no when a previously effective reward is no longer controlling behavior, present it just longer controlling behavior, present it just before the time you present the new, hopefully before the time you present the new, hopefully more effective reward. more effective reward.

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Stop an Inappropriate Stop an Inappropriate BehaviorBehavior

Satiation Satiation ExtinctionExtinction Incompatible Alternative Incompatible Alternative Response CostResponse Cost

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Modify Emotional BehaviorModify Emotional Behavior

Fear ReductionFear Reduction ShapingShaping Coping skills instructionCoping skills instruction

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Externalizing the ProblemExternalizing the Problem

Aligns you with the studentAligns you with the student The student versus their problemThe student versus their problem Fosters ownership and movement when Fosters ownership and movement when

presented correctlypresented correctly Relieves pressure of blame and defensiveness, Relieves pressure of blame and defensiveness,

invites humorinvites humor Behavior modification is there to help them Behavior modification is there to help them

with this ‘battle’with this ‘battle’ Language used with students changesLanguage used with students changes 11

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Socratic Dialogue or Socratic Dialogue or Motivational InterviewingMotivational Interviewing

Adopt a curious stance....detective-likeAdopt a curious stance....detective-like Remaining alert to student’s overt and covert Remaining alert to student’s overt and covert

cues is essentialcues is essential Challenging with empathyChallenging with empathy Obtain collaboration from the student, and Obtain collaboration from the student, and

agreement to move forwardagreement to move forward

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