1. Batman1. Batman

2. Sex and the City2. Sex and the City

3. Beauty & the Beast3. Beauty & the Beast

4. Beetlejuice4. Beetlejuice

5. Star Wars5. Star Wars

6. Rocky6. Rocky

7. Transformers7. Transformers

8. Superman8. Superman

9. Jurassic Park9. Jurassic Park

10. Pirates of the Caribbean10. Pirates of the Caribbean

11. Braveheart11. Braveheart

12. Indiana Jones12. Indiana Jones

13. The Addams Family13. The Addams Family

14. Aladdin14. Aladdin

15. Back to the Future15. Back to the Future

16. James Bond Theme16. James Bond Theme

17. Lord of the Rings17. Lord of the Rings

18. Ghostbusters18. Ghostbusters

19. Titanic19. Titanic

20. Harry Potter20. Harry Potter

21. ET21. ET

22. Mission Impossible22. Mission Impossible

23. Gladiator23. Gladiator

24. Jaws24. Jaws

25. American Pie25. American Pie

55thth Period PeriodGroup 1-Group 1- Crysta, Crysta, Alexis, Ellery, AndrewAlexis, Ellery, Andrew

Group 2-Group 2- Erik, Erik, Devon, Steve, Devon, Steve, ChelseaChelsea

Group 3-Group 3- Lyssa, Lyssa, Semie, Kathy, ShaneSemie, Kathy, Shane

Group 4-Group 4- Lauren E., Lauren E., Meaghan, Tim, TaraMeaghan, Tim, Tara

Group 5- Group 5- Cassie, Cassie, Michelle, Richie, HannahMichelle, Richie, Hannah

Group 6-Group 6- Kyra, Jessica, Kyra, Jessica, Molly, HenryMolly, Henry

Group 7-Group 7- Nicole, Nicole, Emmett, TonyEmmett, Tony

Group 8-Group 8- Dom, Chris, Dom, Chris, ClaudiaClaudia

33rdrd Period PeriodGroup 1- Will, Katie, Group 1- Will, Katie, NatashaNatasha

Group 2- Pooja, Mike, Group 2- Pooja, Mike, AshleyAshley

Group 3- Kelly, Group 3- Kelly, Julianna, Drew, TrishJulianna, Drew, Trish

Group 4- Greg, Group 4- Greg, Grace, Alex, Grace, Alex,

Group 5- Veronica, Group 5- Veronica, Kylie, Cem, SamiaKylie, Cem, Samia

Group 6- Megan H, Group 6- Megan H, Christina, Kelsey, Christina, Kelsey, LindseyLindsey

Group 7- Mike Mac, Group 7- Mike Mac, Sharyn, Brian, Megan Sharyn, Brian, Megan R R

77thth Period PeriodGroup 1- James, Group 1- James, Morgan, Rob TMorgan, Rob T

Group 2- Kyle, Desi, Group 2- Kyle, Desi, MarissaMarissa

Group 3- Ben A, Group 3- Ben A, Nicole, GregNicole, Greg

Group 4- Sara B, Eric, Group 4- Sara B, Eric, BrianBrian

Group 5- Robb P, Group 5- Robb P, Haley, AmyHaley, Amy

Group 6- Kara, Nick, Group 6- Kara, Nick, Jesse, AshlynJesse, Ashlyn

Group 7- Emily, Colin, Group 7- Emily, Colin, Ben V, HillareeBen V, Hillaree

MemoryMemory::

The storage and retrieval of The storage and retrieval of what has been learned or what has been learned or

experiencedexperienced

Episodic Memory:Episodic Memory:

Memory of a specific eventMemory of a specific event

The person was present for The person was present for the eventthe event

Ex: dinner last night /your Ex: dinner last night /your last quizlast quiz

Flashbulb Memory:Flashbulb Memory:

Clear memories of Clear memories of emotionally significant emotionally significant moments or eventsmoments or events

Distinct memoriesDistinct memories

Ex. 9/11Ex. 9/11 oror the birth of a the birth of a childchild

Semantic Memory:Semantic Memory:Memory of general Memory of general knowledgeknowledgeRemember information, but Remember information, but do not remember do not remember whenwhen learned the informationlearned the informationEx. ABC’s or humans need Ex. ABC’s or humans need oxygenoxygen

Procedural Memory:Procedural Memory:

Memory of skills learnedMemory of skills learned

Once the skill is learned, it Once the skill is learned, it is unlikely you will forget itis unlikely you will forget it

Ex. Throw a ball or driving a Ex. Throw a ball or driving a carcar

SENSORY MEMORY:SENSORY MEMORY:

First stage of memoryFirst stage of memoryImmediate, initial recording of Immediate, initial recording of information: enters through our information: enters through our senses senses Very large capacityVery large capacityOnly lasts approx. 1 secondOnly lasts approx. 1 secondCannot keep information in Sensory Cannot keep information in Sensory MemoryMemory

SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM):SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM):

Also called Working MemoryAlso called Working Memory

Use our STM almost all the timeUse our STM almost all the time

Can hold 7 units of information at a Can hold 7 units of information at a timetime

Must use maintenance rehearsal to Must use maintenance rehearsal to keep in STMkeep in STM

PRIMACY EFFECT:PRIMACY EFFECT:

Tendency to recall the initial items Tendency to recall the initial items in a list of itemsin a list of items

Prim = firstPrim = first

Why do we remember these?Why do we remember these? 1. Our brain is fresh1. Our brain is fresh 2. More time to rehearse2. More time to rehearse

RECENCY EFFECT:RECENCY EFFECT:

Tendency to recall the last items in Tendency to recall the last items in a list a list

RecentRecent

Why do we remember these?Why do we remember these? 1. Last items are rehearsed 1. Last items are rehearsed

most recently, fresh in the most recently, fresh in the memorymemory

CHUNKING:CHUNKING:

The organization of items into The organization of items into manageable unitsmanageable units

Chunk = manageable unitChunk = manageable unit

The magic #7 - we are able to The magic #7 - we are able to hold 7 chunks of information in hold 7 chunks of information in the STMthe STM

2169646151997252468021696461519972524680

49806169210864252799151646964980616921086425279915164696

LONG-TERM MEMORY:LONG-TERM MEMORY:

Unlimited CapacityUnlimited Capacity

Information is held for a long Information is held for a long timetime

Information is usually Information is usually encoded through elaborative encoded through elaborative rehearsalrehearsal

Encoding:Encoding:First memory processFirst memory process

Translation of information into Translation of information into a form in which it can be storeda form in which it can be stored

Example:Example:

Look at letters on the Look at letters on the screen for 30 secondsscreen for 30 seconds

Memorize as many as you Memorize as many as you cancan

OTTFFSSENTOTTFFSSENT

Visual Code:Visual Code:

Forming a mental picture to Forming a mental picture to remember informationremember information

Ex. See the letters in your Ex. See the letters in your mindmind

Acoustic Code:Acoustic Code:

Forming mental sounds to Forming mental sounds to remember informationremember information

Ex. Repeat the letters to Ex. Repeat the letters to yourself either aloud or yourself either aloud or silently to yourselfsilently to yourself

Semantic Code:Semantic Code:Semantic = “relating to Semantic = “relating to meaning”meaning”Forming meaningful ways to Forming meaningful ways to remember informationremember informationEx. The first letters/phrasesEx. The first letters/phrases One, Two, Three, etcOne, Two, Three, etc ROY G BIV; MVEMJSUNP; ROY G BIV; MVEMJSUNP;

EGBDF/FACEEGBDF/FACE

Storage:Storage:

Second process of memorySecond process of memory

Maintaining encoded Maintaining encoded information over a period of information over a period of timetime

Organizational Organizational System:System:

Memory = file cabinetsMemory = file cabinets

Organize information into Organize information into files according to common files according to common featuresfeatures

Mammals

Maintenance Maintenance Rehearsal:Rehearsal:Repeating information Repeating information over and over again to over and over again to rememberremember

Ex. Actors/Actresses Ex. Actors/Actresses

Elaborative Elaborative Rehearsal:Rehearsal:Make information Make information meaningful by relating it to meaningful by relating it to information you already information you already knowknow

Most effective Most effective

Retrieval:Retrieval:

Third memory processThird memory process

Locating stored information Locating stored information and returning it to conscious and returning it to conscious thoughtthought

Recall:Recall:

Getting previously learned Getting previously learned information from LTM without information from LTM without the use of cuesthe use of cues

Ex. Recalling a list of Ex. Recalling a list of previously memorized words; previously memorized words; such as animalssuch as animals

Recognition:Recognition:

Identifying previously learned Identifying previously learned information with the use of information with the use of cuescues

Ex. Recognizing a face; the Ex. Recognizing a face; the correct answer in a multiple correct answer in a multiple choicechoice

FORGETTINGFORGETTING::

Inability to retrieve, recall or Inability to retrieve, recall or recognize information that was recognize information that was stored or is still stored in the stored or is still stored in the LTMLTM

DisplacementDisplacement

New information shoves aside New information shoves aside old informationold information

Ex. New memory Ex. New memory test/experiment will push out test/experiment will push out older/previous older/previous tests/experiments tests/experiments

DecayDecay

Fading away of memoryFading away of memory

Usually occurs in STMUsually occurs in STM

Repression:Repression:

Pushing unpleasant thoughts Pushing unpleasant thoughts out of consciousnessout of consciousnessForget painful memories that Forget painful memories that make us feel guilt, anxiety, or make us feel guilt, anxiety, or shameshameForget things on purpose Forget things on purpose without knowing we are doing itwithout knowing we are doing it

Amnesia:Amnesia:

Severe memory loss caused Severe memory loss caused by brain injury, shock, fatigue, by brain injury, shock, fatigue, illness, or repressionillness, or repression

Infantile Amnesia:Infantile Amnesia:

Forget early life events - before Forget early life events - before age of 2age of 2

People who claim to remember People who claim to remember have reconstructed the memorieshave reconstructed the memories

Part of the brain responsible for Part of the brain responsible for storage is not developed until 2 storage is not developed until 2 yearsyears

Dissociative Amnesia:Dissociative Amnesia:

Sudden loss of memorySudden loss of memory

Caused by psychological Caused by psychological trauma, such as an extremely trauma, such as an extremely upsetting experienceupsetting experience

Cannot remember events Cannot remember events surrounding the traumasurrounding the trauma

Anterograde AmnesiaAnterograde Amnesia

Loss of Short-term MemoryLoss of Short-term Memory

Prevents a person from Prevents a person from forming new memoriesforming new memories

Caused by head trauma, Caused by head trauma, electric shock, or brain injuryelectric shock, or brain injury

Retrograde AmnesiaRetrograde Amnesia

Loss of Long-term MemoryLoss of Long-term Memory

Forget period leading up to an Forget period leading up to an eventevent May forget minutes/yearsMay forget minutes/years

Caused by head trauma, brain Caused by head trauma, brain injuryinjury

Case of Clive WearingCase of Clive WearingOne of THE most extreme cases of One of THE most extreme cases of memory loss-he has Anterograde Amnesiamemory loss-he has Anterograde AmnesiaContracted Herpes EncephalitisContracted Herpes EncephalitisPrimary damagePrimary damage HippocampusHippocampus-handles long-term memory -handles long-term memory

formationformation

Marginal damageMarginal damage Temporal lobe-houses the Temporal lobe-houses the AmygdalaAmygdala(controls (controls

emotions and associated memories)emotions and associated memories)

No damage to cerebellum-Procedural No damage to cerebellum-Procedural MemoryMemory

The Case of Clive WearingThe Case of Clive WearingMarried Deborah (she was 21, he was 40)Married Deborah (she was 21, he was 40) He was struck down in 1985He was struck down in 1985 In 1994, she filed for divorce (she still loved him, but In 1994, she filed for divorce (she still loved him, but

did so for technical reasons)did so for technical reasons)She packed up her belongs and moved to NYCShe packed up her belongs and moved to NYC

1999-She went back to England and Clive1999-She went back to England and Clive 2003-Renewed their wedding vows 2003-Renewed their wedding vows

She wrote a book about her experience with She wrote a book about her experience with CliveClive ““Forever Today”Forever Today”

Dr. Oliver Sacks (Dr. Sayer from Awakenings)Dr. Oliver Sacks (Dr. Sayer from Awakenings) ““The Abyss”The Abyss”

Music and AmnesiaMusic and Amnesia