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1
Barriers to Communication
GXEX1406
Thinking and Communication Skills
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 2
Communication Path
Thought
Construction
Delivery Reception
Translation
Understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 3
Communication blocks
1. Noise
2. Word Walls/Language
3. Overload
4. Dialog cutoffs
5. Stereotyping
6. Deceit
7. Distrust
8. Games
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 4
Noise
Thought
Construction
Delivery Reception
Translation
Understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6
Communication Path
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 5
Noise - Cont.
Difficult to hear. Did not get the message. Be sensitive to noise problems and adjust
your environment accordingly. Stop the noise or move the communication
elsewhere.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 6
Example situation
‘ Leman spent thirty years working with power tools. Somewhere in his early thirties he noticed that conversations in his van were difficult for him to follow. He thought the problem was the noisy van, and it was, except for one thing: other people in the van understood the conversation. Only he couldn’t follow the talk. ‘
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 7
Word Walls
Communication Path
Thought
Construction
Delivery Reception
Translation
Understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 8
Word Walls - Cont.
Two types of block:
1. Unintentional block- vocabulary, technical jargon.
2. Intentional block- to look impressive.- choose your vocabulary with care.- speak to communicate and never speak
to impress.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 9
Example situation
Aminah recently called her telephone company for a business phone in her home. She wanted to know the rates for installation and so on. The employee informed her that the “system interface for the new phone line would be installed.” Aminah was puzzled and said “What does that mean?” the phone company representative said, ”the guys have to come out and put a phone jack on the outside of the house.”
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 10
Overload
Communication Path
Thought
Construction
Delivery Reception
Translation
Understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 11
Overload - Cont.
Too much input causes confusion. Problem with receiver’s ability to cope. The understanding of the message will be
confused. The focus of attention is weak.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 12
Example situation
MajuKita, like most companies, puts the secretarial staff in very public spaces. The result is that they are constantly on the phone answering an inquiry, at the same time they are waiting on people, at the same time they are trying to get typing done, at the same time they are preparing for a meeting, at the same time……
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 13
Dialog cutoffs
Communication Path
Thought
Construction
Delivery Reception
Translation
Understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 14
Dialog cutoffs - Cont.
Frequent interruptions ( often questions) are annoying and can destroy a conversation easily.
More problem is completing sentence for others.
Listen with respect. Do not cut off a speaker’s comments in
any way, or the communication will be damaged.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 15
Example situation
It is that habit some people have of completing our sentences for us. We start a sentence, and then out of nervousness, impatience, or excitement or some such cause, suddenly we hear “ and then……” and find the story written for us.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 16
Stereotyping
Communication Path
Thought
Construction
Delivery Reception
Translation
Understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 17
Stereotyping - Cont.
Misunderstanding, generalizing. Unshared meaning can be caused by
different education,space, time and belief. Generalize about group women, men,
workers, doctors etc…. Positive stereotyping.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 18
Example situation
Ali and Ahmad had been pretty good friends. Ahmad is a supervisor. During a perfectly normal conversation one day, Ali got angry about supervisors and ranted away in front of Ahmad, not at Ahmad. Ahmad was very offended because he was, after all, a supervisor. If Ali thinks they are all jerks, Ahmad reasoned, Ali must think he is a jerk also. He took offense because of the stereotyping Ali had used to blast supervisors.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 19
Deceit
Communication Path
Thought
Construction
Delivery Reception
Translation
Understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 20
Deceit - Cont.
Encouraged to misjudge. Deceptive behavior is often motivated by
hope that a person can be manipulated into certain perspective.
Hidden agenda, conspiracy.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 21
Example situation
A supervisor might sabotage talented employees who could threaten his position. He might let an employee leave early but report it as though he had not been told of the departure. He might provide faulty directives on purpose, construct impossible goals, or send the employee on all sorts of wild goose chases. He could easily overwork the employee to get rid of he/her.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 22
Distrust
Communication Path
Thought
Construction
Delivery Reception
Translation
Understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 23
Distrust - Cont.
Caused either by defensiveness or suspicion. A job that involves “correcting” people ,
defensiveness can be a major difficulty from time to time.
Suspicion can be element in a conversation between two people.
Sincerity is the solution.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 24
Example situation
Timah’s job needs her to evaluate a lot of papers. They a re not all “A” papers. The problem is that as the grades get lower, defenses rise.
A sales routine of even the briefest sort is something many people do not handle too well.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 25
Key strategies to tell someone what he or she did wrong:
Make people realize you are there for their benefit.
Share the corrections by placing emphasis on your own similar errors, or the commonness of the errors.
Be descriptive and avoid value judgments. Eg, Say the job performance is “not adequate”. Do not say it was “awful” or a “waste of time” or “junk”.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 26
Key strategies to tell someone what he or she did wrong: - Cont.
Suggest solutions, and use the words “maybe” and “perhaps”. Use these words to suggest solutions rather that demand them.
Help people see solutions themselves. Be sure to avoid superiority. Authority may
be appropriate, but superiority is a very different posture.
Speak as the equal of the other person.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 27
Games
Communication Path
Thought
Construction
Delivery Reception
Translation
Understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 28
Games - Cont.
Deep-seated, serious conflict.
2 emotional patterns: aggression, surrender.
Use time ( an hour, a day) to remove yourself from the event and look for breathing space.
Victory is not sweet when people surrender. In a company, you do not want an employee to
surrender or withdraw; you want an employee to understand.
GXEX1406 Thinking and Communication Skills – Week 4 Barriers to Communication 29
Reference/notes
David W. Rigby, “Workplace Communications for Engineering Technicians and Technologists”, Prentice-Hall, 2001.page 102-118.