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Aviation Aviation Safety Management SystemsSafety Management Systems

(SMS)(SMS)

Vangelis Demosthenous MSc IEng AMRAeS Human Factors Coordinator

Aircraft Engineers International Aircraft Engineers International Annual Congress Annual Congress

Belgrade, September 2006Belgrade, September 2006

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Presentation ObjectivesPresentation Objectives

Describe what an SMS isDescribe what an SMS is Discuss why an SMS is neededDiscuss why an SMS is needed Review how is SMS handled around the worldReview how is SMS handled around the world Identify how is it related with other concepts Identify how is it related with other concepts

(Quality Assurance, Human Factors)(Quality Assurance, Human Factors) Assist AEI decide if and how to adopt and Assist AEI decide if and how to adopt and

promote SMS in Aviation.promote SMS in Aviation.

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What do we, as AEI and individual What do we, as AEI and individual members, want for the aviation industry?members, want for the aviation industry?

Safe operation and safe working Safe operation and safe working environmentenvironment

Efficient, effective and financially strong Efficient, effective and financially strong airlines and maintenance organisationsairlines and maintenance organisations

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Aviation industry today Aviation industry today

When aviation organisations are struggling When aviation organisations are struggling to survive what happens to the status of to survive what happens to the status of safety? safety?

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ICAO Definitions (recently added)ICAO Definitions (recently added)

Safety ProgrammeSafety Programme.. An integrated set of An integrated set of regulations aimed at improving safety.regulations aimed at improving safety.(to be developed by States/Aviation Authorities)(to be developed by States/Aviation Authorities)

Safety Management System.Safety Management System. A systematic A systematic approach to managing safety, including the approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures, necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures.accountabilities, policies and procedures.(to be developed by Airlines, Maintenance (to be developed by Airlines, Maintenance Organisations, Aerodromes, ATS Providers)Organisations, Aerodromes, ATS Providers)

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ICAO RequirementsICAO Requirements

Annex 6: Operation of Aircraft• 3.2.4 From 1 January 2009, States shall

require, as part of their safety programme, that an operator implements a safety management system acceptable to the State of the operator

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ICAO RequirementsICAO Requirements

Annex 6: Operation of Aircraft8.7 Approved Maintenance Organisation• 8.7.3.4 From 1 January 2009, States shall

require, as part of their safety programme, that a maintenance organisation implements a safety management system acceptable to the State of the operator

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A330 GlidingA330 Gliding 24 August 200124 August 2001

Chartered flight : Toronto - LisbonChartered flight : Toronto - Lisbon

Emergency Diversion to Terceira (05:45 UTC)Emergency Diversion to Terceira (05:45 UTC)

ENG 2 flamed out at FL 390 (06:13 UTC)ENG 2 flamed out at FL 390 (06:13 UTC)

ENG 1 flamed out at FL 345 (06:26 UTC)ENG 1 flamed out at FL 345 (06:26 UTC)

Glided to Terceira (65 Nm) : 19 minutesGlided to Terceira (65 Nm) : 19 minutes

Touched down on Rwy 33 (06:45 UTC)Touched down on Rwy 33 (06:45 UTC)

293 pax, 13 crew ; 18 minor injuries during 293 pax, 13 crew ; 18 minor injuries during

evacuationevacuation

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1010

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Evidence of Fuel Spillage

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Contributing FactorsContributing Factors

Fuel pipe rupture was caused by mismatch of pre-Fuel pipe rupture was caused by mismatch of pre-mod and post-mod hydraulic pump and fuel pipe mod and post-mod hydraulic pump and fuel pipe installationinstallation

Although clearance was achieved during installation, Although clearance was achieved during installation, pressurization of hydraulic line forced the tube back pressurization of hydraulic line forced the tube back to its natural position and eliminated the clearanceto its natural position and eliminated the clearance

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Eng 2 : Interference Hydraulic / Fuel PipeEng 2 : Interference Hydraulic / Fuel Pipe

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Fuel Pipe Crack Initiation (contact point) Fuel Pipe Crack Initiation (contact point)

Length of Crack approx 70 mm

Crack Initiation

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Crack OpeningCrack Opening

Crack width 2-3 mm (static)

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Traditional approach to safety and Traditional approach to safety and its limitationsits limitations

Traditional ApproachTraditional Approach Develop regulations on how to design, manufacture, Develop regulations on how to design, manufacture,

maintain and operate aircraft.maintain and operate aircraft. Develop systems to ensure these regulations are Develop systems to ensure these regulations are

complied withcomplied with Aviation organisations comply with the regulationsAviation organisations comply with the regulations

LimitationsLimitations But… can we write a regulation for every potential But… can we write a regulation for every potential

hazard?hazard? So we do not address all hazardsSo we do not address all hazards We just comply with existing We just comply with existing

regulationsregulations

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SMS by RegulatorsSMS by Regulators

ICAO – Mandatory 2009ICAO – Mandatory 2009 Transport Canada – Mandatory 2004Transport Canada – Mandatory 2004 CASA Australia - MandatoryCASA Australia - Mandatory UK CAA – Recommendation CAP 712 2001 UK CAA – Recommendation CAP 712 2001 FAA – Recommendation – June 2006FAA – Recommendation – June 2006

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The 10 basic steps in implementing a Safety (CASA Australia)

1. Gain senior management commitment.2. Set safety management policies and objectives.3. Appoint a safety officer.4. Set up a safety committee (usually only for large or

complex organisations).5. Establish a process to manage risks.6. Set up a reporting system to record hazards, risks

and actions taken.7. Train and educate staff.8. Audit your operation and investigate incidents and

accidents.9. Set up a system to control documentation and data.10. Evaluate how the system is working.

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Relation of SMS with other ConceptsRelation of SMS with other Concepts

Quality and Safety Management Systems have Quality and Safety Management Systems have about 70% in commonabout 70% in common

SMS uses principles of Human FactorsSMS uses principles of Human Factors

SMS uses principles of System SafetySMS uses principles of System Safety

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Safety Management System

Qu

ality

Syste

m

Hu

man

Facto

rs

Syste

m S

afe

ty

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SMS Example SMS Example

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Safety Benefits of SMSSafety Benefits of SMS SMS provides a structured management system

to control risk in operations.

It also provides the organizational framework to support a sound safety culture

FAA AC 120-92 June 2006 -Introduction to Safety Management FAA AC 120-92 June 2006 -Introduction to Safety Management Systems for Air OperatorsSystems for Air Operators

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Business Benefits of SMSBusiness Benefits of SMS

Operators in other countries and in other industries who have integrated SMS into their business models report that the added emphasis on process management and continuous improvement benefits them financially as well.

FAA AC 120-92 June 2006 -Introduction to Safety Management FAA AC 120-92 June 2006 -Introduction to Safety Management Systems for Air OperatorsSystems for Air Operators

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SMS Results by SIA Engineering Company (SIAEC) - Singapore

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Benefits - ExampleBenefits - Example

• Program has been operational for two years

H&S major injuries down 20 % over last year

Ground damage is down 15 % over last year

Savik RamkaySavik RamkayDirector Safety Management SystemDirector Safety Management System

SKYSERVICE AIRLINESSKYSERVICE AIRLINES

CanadaCanada

Febr 2006Febr 2006

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SMS Benefits - Air Transat

Improved employee moraleImproved employee morale Benefits in reduced incidents and increased Benefits in reduced incidents and increased

awareness of operationawareness of operation Air Transat has a 72% decrease in irregular Air Transat has a 72% decrease in irregular

operating costs operating costs (over $1m per month (over $1m per month saved) saved)

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Should AEI support and promote Should AEI support and promote SMS?SMS?

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Both the business case Both the business case and the safety case and the safety case support the benefits of support the benefits of introducing SMSintroducing SMS

Captain Rick ClarkeCaptain Rick ClarkeDirector, SMSDirector, SMS

of Air Line Pilots Associationof Air Line Pilots Association ( (ALPAALPA))

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Safety Management System

•enhances airlines’ ability to operate safely

•It breaks down barriers between employer and employee

•It leads to shared values on acceptable levels of risk

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ConclusionsConclusions

SMS will be mandated in our requirementsSMS will be mandated in our requirements Traditional approach to safety leave Traditional approach to safety leave

significant safety gapssignificant safety gaps Organisations report considerable safety Organisations report considerable safety

and business benefits through SMS and business benefits through SMS implementationimplementation

AEI should consider adopting and AEI should consider adopting and prompting SMS prompting SMS (more on this during the (more on this during the coming workshop)coming workshop)

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Thank You!Thank You!

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Vangelis DemosthenousVangelis DemosthenousKratis Training and Consulting LtdKratis Training and Consulting Ltd

37, Kyriakou Matsi Flat 20137, Kyriakou Matsi Flat 2012373 Ayios Dometios2373 Ayios Dometios

Nicosia Nicosia CyprusCyprus

Tel: Tel: +357-22449088+357-22449088Mob. +357 99680082Mob. +357 99680082Fax: Fax: +357-22449089+357-22449089

E-mail:E-mail: vangelis@spidernet.com.cyvangelis@spidernet.com.cyE-mail: E-mail: demosthenous@kratisconsulting.comdemosthenous@kratisconsulting.com

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SMS ReferencesSMS ReferencesICAOICAOhttp://www.icao.int/cgi/goto_m_nacc.pl?nacc/meetings/2006/sms/index.htmlhttp://www.icao.int/cgi/goto_m_nacc.pl?nacc/meetings/2006/sms/index.htmlAN 12/17-05/93 Proposal for the amendment of Annex 6, Parts I and III, Annex 11, and AN 12/17-05/93 Proposal for the amendment of Annex 6, Parts I and III, Annex 11, and

Annex 14, Volume I, to harmonize provisions regarding safety management Annex 14, Volume I, to harmonize provisions regarding safety management (7/10/2005) (7/10/2005) http://www.icao.int/anb/safetymanagement/SL_931.pdfhttp://www.icao.int/anb/safetymanagement/SL_931.pdf

ICAO Doc 9859 Safety Management Manual (SMM) – 2.2mb pdf ICAO Doc 9859 Safety Management Manual (SMM) – 2.2mb pdf http://www.icao.int/fsix/_Library/SMM-9859_1ed_en.pdfhttp://www.icao.int/fsix/_Library/SMM-9859_1ed_en.pdf

UK CAAUK CAAhttp://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?categoryid=33&pagetype=65&applicationid=11http://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?categoryid=33&pagetype=65&applicationid=11Search for 'safety management', several good documents listedSearch for 'safety management', several good documents listedAustraliaAustraliahttp://www.casa.gov.au/sms/index.htmhttp://www.casa.gov.au/sms/index.htmCanadaCanadahttp://www.tc.gc.ca/CivilAviation/maintenance/SMS/menu.htmhttp://www.tc.gc.ca/CivilAviation/maintenance/SMS/menu.htmTP13881E – Safety Management Systems for Flight Operations And Aircraft Maintenance TP13881E – Safety Management Systems for Flight Operations And Aircraft Maintenance

Organizations Organizations Flight Safety FoundationFlight Safety FoundationDigest Nov-Dec 2005 (also May 1999)Digest Nov-Dec 2005 (also May 1999)http://www.flightsafety.org/pubs/fsd_2005.htmlhttp://www.flightsafety.org/pubs/fsd_2005.htmlGAINGAINhttp://www.gainweb.org/http://www.gainweb.org/Go to: » Aviation Operator Safety Practices "Operator's Flight Safety Handbook (OFSH) Go to: » Aviation Operator Safety Practices "Operator's Flight Safety Handbook (OFSH)

Issue 2" (English (OFSH, Issue 2) / Portuguese (OFSH, Issue 1) / Chinese (OFSH, Issue Issue 2" (English (OFSH, Issue 2) / Portuguese (OFSH, Issue 1) / Chinese (OFSH, Issue 2) / Spanish (OFSH, Issue 1) / Japanese (OFSH, Issue 1) / Spanish (OFSH, Issue 2) 2) / Spanish (OFSH, Issue 1) / Japanese (OFSH, Issue 1) / Spanish (OFSH, Issue 2) "Cabin Safety Compendium" (English / Spanish)"Cabin Safety Compendium" (English / Spanish)