1 Android PPT

7/27/2019 1 Android PPT

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Android Application Development


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Symbian(.sis) By NokiaiOS(.app) in Apples iPhoneRIM's BlackBerry(.cod)Windows mobile(.cab) by MicrosoftAndroid(.apk) by GoogleJ2ME(.jar)

MOBILE OS


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WHAT IS ANDROID ? A software stack for handheld devices (like mobile, Tabletcomputers) that includes an operating system, middleware and keyapplications based on the Linux kernel.

Developed by the OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE(OHA) leadby Google in Aug 17, 2005.

2007 Nov 12: Android SDK released by OHA (a consortium of 86hardware, software, and telecommunication companies like:Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, T-Mobile etc)

Java programming/Native programming.


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WHY ANDROID ?A simple and powerful SDK

No licensing, distribution, or development fees

Development over many platform Linux, Mac OS,windows etc.

Thriving developer community


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ANDROID FEATURESGSM, EDGE, and 4G networks, WiFi, Bluetooth APISupport for Bluetooth, WiFi Ad hoc mode.

Hardware control: Accelerometer, digital compass,microphone, camera, GPS (Best-Google Maps),tracks auser movement as he/she changes his/her location.


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Mash up CapabilityIt combines two or more service to create anapplication.Eg . Barcode Scanner: ZXing Teams free BarcodeScanner app.1) GPS + Camera. 2) 2D(SGL)+3D(Open GL/ES)

3) Text Editor + Camera.ranked 4.5 out of 5 stars based on the reviews of

over 100,000 users.


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Architectureof Android.


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Linux 2.6 kernel (designed in C)Security model: Itshandles security between theapplication and the system.Memory management: Its handles memorymanagement for you, leaving you free to develop yourapp with the help ofProcess Management.Network stack: Its handles network communication.


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Android Libraries (in C & C++)The Android run time: The Android run time is composedof Java core libraries( Collection classes, utilities, io etc)and the Dalvik Virtual Machine, runs dex file (enhancedbyte code).DVM is memory efficient, & multiple instancesof it can run on the device at the same time.Surface Manager: Manage difference windows for differentapplicationsMedia frameworks: These libraries allow you to play andrecord audio and video.SQLite: Embedded relational light weighted database.

(Core Lib in Java)


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OpenGL|ES: 3D image engine.SGL: 2d image graphics.In the same application we can use both 2D & 3DFreeType: Bitmap and VectorWebKit: This open-source Web browser engineprovides the functionality to display Web contentand simplify page loading. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL): These libraries areresponsible for Internet security.

Libc: c standard lib.


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Application framework (written in Java)The application framework provides the classesused to create any Android applications.

Activity manager: Manages the activity life cycle.Package Manager: keeps track of installedapplications.


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Content provider: Framework to allow the sharing of dataamong applications. Eg. Phone nos, names etc are allowed tobe used by sms application.

Window manager: manages windowTelephony manager :contains api that we use to build thephone application thats central to the phone experience.

Resource Manager: to store localized string, bitmaps, &external parts used to create applications . Ex. Images,audio/video etc.


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Location Manager


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Installing and Configuring Your SupportToolsJava JDK: Lays the foundation for the Android SDK.

Android SDK: Provides access to Android librariesand allows you to develop your application.


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Eclipse IDE (integrated developmentenvironment): Brings together Java, theAndroid SDK, and the Android ADT (AndroidDevelopment Tools), and provides tools foryou to write your Android programs


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Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android DevelopmentTools) plugin (or NetBeans + NBAndroid P-in) Reduces Development and Testing Time. Makes User Interface-Creation easier. Makes Application Description Easier.

Programming Language(s) Java officially supported.(JDK) C/C++ also possible but tedious &

inefficient.(Native Dev Kit)


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Steps to Create an Android ProjectInstall jdk

Android SDK in your system.Install Android Development Tools (ADT) plugin

inside eclipse.Provide Android-SDK path in window->preferencesin eclipse.

From File menu, Select New->Project->AndroidProject.Specify the package name.Select the version of android.Click on finish.The project will be displayed in eclipse.


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https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse


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J2SE java.util.*java.io.*java.lang.*etc

UI android.widget.*android.view.*android.graphics.*

Telephony android.telephony.IPhone

SMS android.telephony.gsm.SmsManager

Web android.webkit.WebView

Application APIs


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Application APIs

Camera android.hardware.CameraDevice

Local database android.database.*Maps com.google.android.maps.MapView

Location android.location.LocationManager

Multimedia android.media.MediaPlayer

HTTP org.apache.http.client.*


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Java Code

Initialize

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle icicle){

super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(R.layout.screen);

}


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Android with javaava Application


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DVMVM More Battery Consumption More Memory consumption Stack based VM

Efficient on single instanceof JVM

OS takes care of taskpriorities.

Less Battery Consumption Lesser memory consumption Register based VM(faster)

More efficient when runningmultiple instances of the DVM.

Phone functionality is priority #1


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A Detailed Look at the Build Process


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Explanation: The Android Asset Packaging Tool (aapt) takes your applicationresource files, such as the AndroidMainfest.xml file and the XMLfiles for your Activities, and compiles them. An R.java is also produced so you can reference your resourcesfrom your Java code. The aidl tool converts any .aidl interfaces that you have into Java

interfaces. All of your Java codes are compiled by the Java compiler and.class files are output. The dex tool converts the .class files to Dalvik byte code. Any 3rdparty libraries and .class files that you have included in yourproject are also converted into .dex files so that they can be

packaged into the final .apk file.


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All non-compiled resources (such as images), compiled resources, and the

.dex files are sent to the apkbuilder tool to be packaged into an .apk file.

Once the .apk is built, it must be signed with either a debug or release keybefore it can be installed to a device.

Finally, if the application is being signed in release mode, you must align

the .apk with the zipalign tool.

Aligning the final .apk decreases memory usage when the application isrunning on a device.


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THANK YOUAny Queries????

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1 Android PPT