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1 Administering Shared Folders Understanding Shared Folders Planning Shared Folders Sharing Folders Combining Shared Folder Permissions and NTFS Permissions Configuring Dfs to Gain Access to Network Resources

1 Administering Shared Folders Understanding Shared Folders Planning Shared Folders Sharing Folders Combining Shared Folder Permissions and NTFS Permissions

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1

Administering Shared Folders

• Understanding Shared Folders

• Planning Shared Folders

• Sharing Folders

• Combining Shared Folder Permissions and NTFS Permissions

• Configuring Dfs to Gain Access to Network Resources

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Understanding Shared Folders

• Shared Folders

• Shared Folder Permissions

• How Shared Folder Permissions Are Applied

• Guidelines for Shared Folder Permissions

• Practice: Applied Permissions

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Shared Folders in Windows Explorer

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Shared Folders

• Provide network users centralized access to network files.

• Contain applications, data, or a user’s personal data in a home directory.

• All users by default can connect to the shared folder and gain access to the folder’s content.

• Each type of data requires different shared folder permissions.

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Shared Folder Permissions

• Shared folder permissions can be assigned to user and group accounts to control what users can do with the content of a shared folder.

• Shared folder permissions are assigned to control how users gain access to a shared folder.

• Shared folder permissions can be allowed or denied.

• It is best to allow permissions and to assign permissions to a group rather than to individual users.

• Permissions should be denied only when necessary to override permissions that are otherwise applied.

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Characteristics of Shared Folder Permissions

• Apply to folders, not to individual files; provide less-detailed security than NTFS permissions.

• Do not restrict access to users who gain access to the folder at the computer where the folder is stored; only apply to users who connect to the folder over the network.

• Are the only way to secure network resources on a FAT volume; NTFS permissions are not available on FAT volumes.

• The default is Full Control, which is assigned to the Everyone group when the folder is shared.

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Shared Folder Permissions

• Read: View file names and subfolder names, view data in files, traverse to subfolders, and run programs

• Change: Add files and subfolders to the shared folder, change data in files, delete subfolders and files, and perform actions permitted by the Read permission

• Full Control: Change file permissions (NTFS only), take ownership of files (NTFS only), and perform all tasks permitted by the Change permission

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Applied Permissions

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Applied Permissions Overview

• Applying shared permissions to user accounts and groups affects access to a shared folder.

• Denying permission takes precedence over the permissions that are allowed.

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Effective Permission

• A user can be a member of multiple groups, each with different permissions that provide different levels of access to a shared folder.

• Effective permissions are the combination of the user and group permissions.

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Deny Overrides Other Permissions

• Denied permissions take precedence over any permissions that are otherwise allowed for user accounts and groups.

• If shared folder permissions are denied, the user will not have that permission, even if the permission is allowed for a group of which the user is a member.

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NTFS Permissions Are Required on NTFS Volumes

• Shared folder permissions are sufficient to gain access to files and folders on a FAT volume, but not on an NTFS volume.

• Users can gain access to a shared folder for which they have permissions, as well as all of the folder’s contents.

• When users gain access to a shared folder on an NTFS volume, they need the shared folder permission and the appropriate NTFS permissions for each file and folder to which they gain access.

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Copied, Moved, or Renamed Shared Folders

• When a shared folder is copied, the original shared folder is still shared, but the copy is not shared.

• When a shared folder is moved or renamed, it is no longer shared.

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Guidelines for Shared Folder Permissions

• Determine which groups need access to each resource and the level of access they require.

• Document the groups and their permissions for each resource.

• Assign permissions to groups instead of user accounts to simplify access administration.

• Assign to a resource the most restrictive permissions that still allow users to perform required tasks.

• Organize resources so that folders with the same security requirements are located within a folder.

• Use intuitive share names so that users can easily recognize and locate resources.

• Use share names that all client operating systems can use.

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Shared Folder Naming Conventions

• Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 98, and Windows 95

• Share name length: 80 characters• Folder name length: 255 characters

• MS-DOS, Windows 3.1, and Windows for Workgroups

• Share name length: 8.3 characters• Folder name length: 8.3 characters

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Planning Shared Folders

• Application Folders

• Data Folders

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Planning Shared Folders Overview

• Planning shared folders helps to reduce administrative overhead and ease user access.

• Planning shared folders involves

• Determining which resources are to be shared.• Organizing resources according to function, use, and

administration needs.

• Shared folders contain applications and data.

• Using shared application folders centralizes administration.

• Using shared data folders provides a central location for users to store and gain access to common files.

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Application Folders Overview

• Application folders are used for applications that are installed on a network server, and can be used from client computers.

• The primary advantage of shared applications is that most components of the applications do not need to be installed and maintained on each computer.

• Program files for applications can be stored on a server; configuration information for most network applications is often stored on each workstation.

• The exact way in which application folders are shared depends upon the application, network environment, and organization.

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Creating and Sharing Application Folders

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Data FoldersOverview

• Data folders are used by users on a network to exchange public and working data.

• Two types: working data folders and public data folders.

• When data folders are used, common data folders should be created and shared on a volume that is separate from the operating system and applications.

• Data files should be backed up frequently, and with data folders on a separate volume, they can be backed up conveniently.

• If the operating system requires reinstallation, the volume containing the data folder remains intact.

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Public Data and Working

Data Shared Folders

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Public Data

• Public data folders are used by larger groups of users who all need access to common data.

• Centralized data folders are used so that data can be easily backed up.

• The Change permission should be assigned to the Users group for the common data folder, thereby providing users with a central, publicly accessible location for storing data files they want to share with other users.

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Working Data

• Working data folders are used by members of a team who need access to shared files.

• Full Control permission should be assigned to the Administrators group for a central data folder, which allows administrators to perform maintenance more easily.

• Lower-level data folders below the central folder should be shared with the Change permission for the appropriate groups when restricted access to those folders is needed.

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Sharing Folders

• Requirements for Sharing Folders

• Administrative Shared Folders

• Sharing a Folder

• Assigning Shared Folder Permissions

• Modifying Shared Folders

• Connecting to a Shared Folder

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Sharing Folders

• Resources can be shared with others by sharing folders containing those resources.

• The creator of the shared folder must be a member of one of several groups, depending on the role of the computer on which the shared folder resides.

• Access to a shared folder is controlled by limiting the number of users who can simultaneously gain access to it or by assigning permissions to selected users and groups.

• Folder sharing properties may be modified after the folder is created.

• Users must first have appropriate permissions before making a connection to a shared folder.

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Requirements for Sharing Folders

• In a Windows 2000 Domain

• The Administrators and Server Operators groups can share folders residing on any machines in the domain.

• The Power Users group is a local group and can only share folders residing on the stand-alone server or computer running Windows 2000 Professional where the group is located.

• In a Windows 2000 Workgroup

• The Administrators and Power Users groups can share folders on the stand-alone server or the computer running Windows 2000 Professional on which the group exists.

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Administrative Shared Folders

• Automatically shared folders are appended with a dollar sign ($).

• The $ hides the shared folder from users who browse the computer.

• The root of each volume, the system root folder, and the location of the printer drivers are all hidden shared folders that can be accessed from across the network.

• Hidden shared folders are not limited to those that the system automatically creates.

• Additional folders can be shared and a $ can be appended to the end of the share name.

• Only users who know the folder name and possess proper permissions can gain access to the hidden folder.

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Windows 2000 Administrative Shared Folders

• C$, D$, E$, and so on: The root of each volume on a hard disk

• Admin$: The system root folder, which is C:\Winnt by default

• Print$: The printer drivers folder, systemroot\System32\Spool\Drivers

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Sharing a Folder

• Assign a share name to the folder.

• Provide comments to describe the folder and its content.

• Limit the number of users who have access to the folder.

• Assign permissions.

• Share the same folder multiple times.

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Sharing Tab of the Properties Dialog Box for a Folder

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Permissions For Dialog Box for a Shared Folder

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Select Users, Computers, Or Groups Dialog Box

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Modifying Shared Folders

• Sharing of a file can be stopped.

• The share name can be added or removed.

• Shared folder permissions can be modified.

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Connecting to a Shared Folder: Four Methods

• Map Network Drive Wizard

• Add Network Place Wizard

• Run command

• My Network Places

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Map Network Drive Wizard

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Combining Shared Folder Permissions and NTFS Permissions

• Strategies for Combining Shared Folder Permissions and NTFS Permissions

• Practice: Managing Shared Folders

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Combined Permissions

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Combining Shared Folder Permissions and NTFS Permissions

• Sharing folders provides network users with access to resources.

• If a FAT volume is being used, the shared folder permissions are all that is available to provide security for the folders shared and the subfolders and files they contain.

• If an NTFS volume is being used, NTFS permissions can be assigned to individual users and groups to better control access to the files and subfolders in the shared folders.

• When shared folder permissions are combined with NTFS permissions, the more restrictive permission is always the overriding permission.

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Strategies for Combining Shared Folder Permissions and NTFS Permissions

• Access to resources on an NTFS volume can be provided by sharing folders with the default shared folder permissions and then controlling access by assigning NTFS permissions.

• When a folder is shared on an NTFS volume, both shared folder permissions and NTFS permissions combine to secure file resources.

• Shared folder permissions provide limited security for resources.

• Using NTFS permissions provides the greatest flexibility to control access to shared folders.

• NTFS permissions apply whether the resource is accessed locally or over the network.

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Combining Shared Folder Permissions, NTFS Permissions

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Rules For Combining Shared Folder Permissions and NTFS Permissions

• NTFS permissions can be applied to files and subfolders in the shared folder.

• Different NTFS permissions can be applied to each file and subfolder that a shared folder contains.

• Users must have access to both shared folder permissions and NTFS permissions to gain access to those files and subfolders.

• When shared folder permissions are combined with NTFS permissions, the more restrictive permission is always the overriding permission.

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Configuring Dfs to Gain Access to Network Resources

• Understanding Dfs

• Reasons for Using Dfs

• Dfs Topology

• Creating a Dfs

• Creating a Dfs Root

• Creating a Dfs Link

• Adding a Dfs Shared Folder

• Setting Replication Policy

• Practice: Using Dfs

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Overview of Dfs

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Understanding Dfs

• Enables system administrators to make it easy for users to access and manage files that are physically distributed across a network

• Makes files distributed across multiple servers appear to users as if they reside in one place on the network

• Organizes shared folders that can reside on different computers

• Provides users with easy navigation to shared folders on different computers

• Enables users to gain access to a network resource without knowing its location on the network

• Facilitates administering multiple shared folders

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Dfs Functions

• Organizes resources in a hierarchy

• Facilitates network navigation

• Facilitates network administration

• Preserves network permissions

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Types of Dfs Roots

• Domain

• Stores the Dfs topology in Active Directory• Allows links to point to multiple identical shared folders

for fault tolerance• Supports DNS, multiple-level Dfs links, and file

replication

• Stand-alone

• Stores the Dfs topology on a single computer, not in Active Directory

• Provides no fault tolerance if the computer that stores the Dfs topology or any of the shared folders that Dfs uses fails

• Supports only one level of Dfs links

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Reasons for Using Dfs

• Users who access shared folders are distributed across a site or sites.

• Most users require access to multiple shared folders.

• Server load balancing may be improved by redistributing shared folders.

• Users require uninterrupted access to shared folders.

• The organization has Web sites for either internal or external use.

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Dfs Topology

• To users, a Dfs topology provides a unified and transparent access to the network resources they need.

• To system administrators, a Dfs topology is a single DNS namespace.

• The Dfs topology is automatically published to Active Directory by default.

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Dfs Components

• Dfs root

• One or more Dfs links

• One or more Dfs shared folders, also known as replicas, to which each Dfs link points

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Domain-Based Dfs

• The domain server on which a Dfs root resides is known as a host server.

• A Dfs root can be replicated by creating roots on other servers in the domain.

• Dfs root replication provides file availability if the host server becomes unavailable.

• DNS names for the Dfs roots resolve to the host servers for the Dfs root.

• The host server is a member server within a domain.

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Dfs Benefits

• Provides synchronization of Dfs topologies across host servers

• Provides fault tolerance for the Dfs root

• Supports optional replication of Dfs shared folders

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Creating a Dfs

• Create a Dfs root.

• Create a Dfs link.

• Add Dfs shared folders; optional.

• Set replication policy.

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Creating a Dfs Link

• In a network environment, keeping track of the physical locations of shared resources might be difficult for users.

• The network and file system structures become transparent to users when Dfs is used.

• Transparency enables the administrator to centralize and optimize access to resources based on a single tree structure.

• Users can browse the links under a Dfs root without knowing where the referenced resources are physically located.

• The maximum number of Dfs links that can be assigned to a Dfs root is 1000.

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Create A New Dfs Link Dialog Box

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Adding a Dfs Shared Folder

• For each Dfs link, create a set of Dfs shared folders to which the Dfs link points.

• Within a set of Dfs shared folders, the first folder is added to the set when the Dfs link is created, using the Distributed File System console.

• Subsequent folders are added using the console’s Add A New Replica dialog box.

• The maximum number of Dfs shared folders allowed in a set of shared folders is 32.

• When Dfs shared folders are added, folders can be chosen to participate in replication.

• If folders are set to participate in replication, the replication policy for the shared folders must be set.

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Add A New Replica Dialog Box

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Setting Replication Policy

• Replicating the contents of folders to other roots or Dfs shared folders in the domain ensures that the folders’ contents are always available to users.

• Both Dfs roots and Dfs shared folders can be replicated.

• Replication copies the content of one Dfs root to another, or from one Dfs shared folder to another Dfs shared folder.

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Replication Policy Dialog Box