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BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

BROADBAND

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Broadband Policy-2004

Broadband connectivity as defined in Broadband policy

2004 is

An always on data connection that is able to support

interactive services including Internet access and has

the capability of minimum download speed of 256 Kbps

to an individual subscriber from the Point of Presence

(POP) of the service provider

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Components of Broadband Network

Core Network (Viz. MPLS backbone Core & Edge

routers)

Broadband Remote Access Server (BBRAS)

Gigabit & Fast Ethernet Aggregation Switches (LAN

Switches)

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs)

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Components of Broadband Network

SSSS (Subscriber Service Selection System)

Servers for AAA (SSSC), LDAP at NOC

Provisioning and configuration management at NOC

Customer Premises Equipments (DSL CPEs) i.e.

Splitter, DSL Modem, PC and Phone

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Pre-requisite for ADSL Connectivity

1) A PC with following configurations: 128 MB RAM

A minimum 500MB Memory.

A NIC(Ethernet Card) or a USB interface duly

installed and should be in working condition.

TCP/IP protocol should be installed by

subscriber

Operating System:Win 98 Sec.Edition or above,

Linux, Mac OS 9 & above.

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Customer Premises Equipment

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Splitter Connectivity

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Connectivity Diagram

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CPE Installation

BRAS

CPE

PPPoE Session

T2 Switch

T1 Switch

BRAS

CPE

PPPoE Session

T2 Switch

T1 Switch

Bridge Mode

DSLAM

IP Address is allocated

to PC By BRAS

Router ModeIP Address isallocated to CPE

By BRAS

IP Address is

allocated

to PC By CPE

NATDSLAM

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NIB-II Broadband DSL Deployment

Broadband

RAS

480 PortDSLAM

SDH RING

GigE

GigE

Tier2 LANSwitch

Corerouter

Gig E & FE

FEFE

FE

B1 city

ADSLterminals

ADSL terminals ADSL

terminals

FE

GE

ADSLterminals

FE

24 PortDSLAM

FE

BB

ContentServer

SSSS at RPOP

FE

B2 city

Core Network

interfaces

Splitter

ADSL

From MDF

Max 10/20 KMDark fiber

Tier1 Layer2GigE Aggregation

Switch

ADMADM

ADM

ADM ADM

48 PortDSLAM

60 PortDSLAM

120 PortDSLAM

FE FE

240 PortDSLAM

SSSC LDAP NMS PMS MAIL

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Mu lt i p lay B ro ad b an d N et w o rk

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Multiplay Broadband Network

NOC, DRNOC, RPOP

Internet Services

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Video Traffic

Voice Traffic

Data Traffic

CPE

STB

TV

PC

Phone

3 PVCs for3 Services

BNG

CUSTVLAN

QinQVLAN

CUSTVLAN QinQVLAN

INETVLAN

DSLAM

RPR T2

RPR T2 RPR T2

RPR T2

RPR T1

BNG

MPLS CORE

Internet Services

CUSTVLAN

QinQVLAN

L3PE

2. DSLAM addsCorrespondingUser VLAN tagand QinQ VLANtag to the DataTraffic

1. CPE configuredto sent Data /

Voice / VideoTraffic asspecific ATMPVCs

3. RPR / OCLAN Switchforwards the trafficbased on QinQ VLANwith proper QoSMapping

4. BNG Removes the QinQ andCustomer VLAN tags, maps thetraffic to corresponding contextand forwards the traffic to L3PEwith upstream VLAN Tag

Layer 3 VPN Services

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Video Traffic

Voice Traffic

Data Traffic

CPE

STB

TV

PC

Phone


BNG

CUSTVLAN

QinQVLAN

CUSTVLAN QinQVLAN

L3VPNVLAN

DSLAM

RPR T2

RPR T2 RPR T2

RPR T2

RPR T1

BNG

MPLS CORE

Layer-3 VPN Services

CUSTVLAN

QinQVLAN

L3PE

2. DSLAM addsCorrespondingUser VLAN tagand QinQ VLANtag to the DataTraffic

1. CPE configuredto sent Data /

Voice / VideoTraffic asspecific ATMPVCs

3. RPR / OCLAN Switchforwards the trafficbased on QinQ VLANwith proper QoSMapping

4. BNG Removes the QinQ andCustomer VLAN tags, maps thetraffic to corresponding contextand forwards the traffic to L3PEwith upstream VLAN Tag

Video Services

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Video Traffic

Voice Traffic

Data Traffic

CPE

STB

TV

PC

Phone


BNG

MCASTVLAN

MCASTVLAN

VIDEOVLAN

DSLAM

RPR T2

RPR T2 RPR T2

RPR T2

RPR T1

BNG

MPLS CORE

Video Services

MCASTVLAN

L3PE

2. DSLAM addsCorrespondingMulticast VLAN tothe Video Traffic

1. CPE configuredto sent Data /Voice / VideoTraffic asspecific ATMPVCs

3. RPR / OCLAN Switchforwards the traffic inMulticast VLAN withproper QoS Mapping

4. BNG Removes the MulticastVLAN tag, maps the traffic tocorresponding context and

forwards to L3PE with properupstream VLAN Tag

5. Video Trafficforwarded toContent Server byL3PE throughMPLS Core

IP Telephony Services

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MediaGateway

Video Traffic

Voice Traffic

Data Traffic

CPE

STB

TV

PC

Phone


BNG

VOIPVLAN

VOIPVLAN

VOICEVLAN

DSLAM

RPR T2

RPR T2 RPR T2

RPR T2

RPR T1

BNG

MPLSCORE

IP Telephony Services

VOIPVLAN

L3PE

2. DSLAM addsCorrespondingVOIP VLAN to theVoice Traffic

1. CPE configuredto sent Data /Voice / VideoTraffic asspecific ATMPVCs

3. RPR / OCLAN Switchforwards the traffic inVOIP VLAN withproper QoS Mapping

4. BNG Removes the VOIP VLANtag, maps the traffic tocorresponding context and

forwards to L3PE with properupstream VLAN Tag

5. Voice Trafficforwarded toMedia Gateway byL3PE throughMPLS Core

Data / Voice / Video Services

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Video Traffic

Voice Traffic

Data Traffic

CPE

STB

TV

PC

Phone


BNG

MCASTVLAN

MCAST

VLAN

VIDEOVLAN

DSLAMRPR T2

RPR T2 RPR T2

RPR T2

RPR T1

BNG

MPLS

CORE

Data / Voice / Video Services

MCASTVLAN

L3PE

MediaGateway

VOIPVLAN

VOIPVLAN

VOICEVLAN

VOIPVLAN

CUSTVLAN

QinQVLAN

CUSTVLAN

QinQVLAN

INETVLAN

CUSTVLAN

QinQVLAN

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Broadband Services

DATA BASED

High Speed Internet access Killer App.

VPNs

Multicasting

VIDEO BASED

IP TV BROADCAST

VIDEO ON DEMAND- (Most Expensive to provide)

Bandwidth on demand (User based / Service based)

Multicasting Video Conferencing

VOICE BASED

VOIP

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W I RELI NE BROADBAND

TECHNOLOGI ES

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Broadband Wireline Technologies

DSL-Digital Subscriber line

Technology for high bandwidth to home and small

businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines

Achievable data rate depends on the distance and

cable impairments

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xDSL Family Tree

xDSL

Symmetric DSL Provide identical data rates upstream & downstream

Asymmetric DSL Provide relatively lower rates upstream but higher rates

downstream

Four main variations of xDSL exist:

ADSL-Asymmetrical Digital Subs Line

HDSL-High bit/data rate Digital Subs Line

SDSL-- Symmetric Digital Subs Line VDSL-Very-high-data-rate Digital Subs Line

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DSL Technology

DSL may offer more than 100 times the network

performance of a traditional analog modem

Precise speed of a connection depends upon the

type of DSL employed

DSL uses the same telephone line as traditional

modem

Provides simultaneous access to Web & Telephone

removing the need for a second telephone line.

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DSL Technology

DSL remains always-on all the time

Customer no longer need to physically dial up

to the ISP to log in to the internet

On power failure, telephone line is still available like a

standard telephone line.

DSL can also be implemented with PPoE (Point to

Point Protocol over Ethernet) that does not support

always-on. This is required when authentication is

necessary. PPPoE can be configured in PC or it can

be configured in ADSL modem itself.

S

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VDSL

Very-high Data-rate DSL

Also known as BDSL

Originally named VADSL (A Asymmetric) but was

later extended to support both symmetric &

asymmetric

Requires one phone line

Supports voice & data

Works between 0.3-1.37 kms depending on speed

VDSL

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Upstream data rate of 1.6-2.3 mbps Downstream data rate of 13-52 mbps

Data Rate - Wire Size Distance

VDSL

Downstream Upstream Distance

12.96 Mbps 1.6-2.3 mbps 4500 Feet 1.37 Kms



ADSL

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ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

G.DMT / G.992.1 standard

Used for applications which require greater

download bandwidth but require relatively little

in opposite direction like Web browsing; File

downloads etc.

ADSL

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ADSL

An ADSL circuit connects an ADSL modem on

each end of a twisted pair telephone line

creating three information channels

A high speed downstream channel

A medium speed duplex channel for

both upstream & downstream

applications

A basic telephone service channel

ADSL

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ADSL

The basic telephone service channel is split off

from the digital modem by splitter at client site

Allows simultaneous access of the line by the

telephone and the computer

In case of power/ADSL failure, data

transmission is lost but basic telephone service

will be operational

ADSL

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ADSL

Provides

16-640 kbps upstream

1.5-9 mbps downstream

Can work up to a distance of 3.7 to 5.5 kms.

ADSL

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Data Rate - Wire Size Distance

ADSL

Data Rate Wire Size Distance

1.5-2.0 Mbps 0.5 mm 18000

Feet

5.5 Kms

1.5-2.0 Mbps 0.4 mm 15000

Feet

4.6 Kms

6.1 Mbps 0.5 mm 12000

Feet

3.7 Kms

6.1 Mbps 0.4 mm 9000 Feet 2.7 Kms

ADSL 2

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ADSL 2

Second generation of ADSL

G.DMT.bis or G.992.3 standard

Offers a greater data rates of 15 Mb/s downstream

and upto 1.5 Mb/s upstream with a range of 6.4

Kms

Supports seamless adaptation of data rate in real

time to meet the changing line conditions

Data rates can be increased by bonding multiple

phone lines ( 2 or more copper pairs) together.

ADSL 2 contd

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ADSL 2contd.

Has two power management modes ( L2 mode for power

saving at ATU-C by rapidly entering and exiting low

power mode based on internet traffic over the

connection)and L3 mode for overall power saving at both

ATU-C and ATU-R by entering into sleep mode) that help

reduce power consumption

Fast start up i.e.Reduced initialization time from 10 secs

to 3 secs.

Data rates can be increased by bonding multiple phone

lines ( 2 or more copper pairs) together.

ADSL 2 +

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ADSL 2 +

Second generation of ADSL

G.992.5 standard

Doubles the max. frequency used for downstream

data transmission from 1.1 Mhz to 2.2 Mhz.

Offers a greater data rates of 25 Mb/s downstream

and upto 1.5 Mb/s upstream. Can work upto 6.3

Kms with reduced data rates

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ADSL 2/2+

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ADSL 2/2+

ADSL 2/2+ are further improvement over ADSL

and provide greater download speed and better

range.

Due to better modulation efficiency, moredownload speed is possible.

ADSL 2/2+ can re-synchronize on line at different

speed without interrupting the communication if

SNR changes due to external interference. This is

not possible with ADSL.

ADSL 2/2+ (contd )

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ADSL 2/2+ (contd..)

When no communication is taking place ADSL2/2+

can go in sleep/power saving mode and come

back to live mode automatically when data

transmission starts.

ADSL

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Family Description Upstream

Rate

Down

stream

Rate

Max.

range

ADSL G,992.1 / G.DMT 640 KBps 8 MBps 5.5 Km June

1999

ADSL Lite G.992.2 / G.Lite 384 KBps 2 MBps 6Km

ADSL2 G.992.3 / G.dmt.bis 1-1.5 MBps 12-16MBps

5.7 Km July

2002

ADSL2 Lite G.992.4 / G.lite.bis

ADSL2 + G.992.5 / ADSL 2 plus 1 MBps 26 MBps 5.7 Km May2003

ADSL2 RE G.992.3 Reach Extended 1MBps 12 MBps 7Km

ADSL APPLICATIONS

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ADSL APPLICATIONS

Internet access ( SOHO)

LAN Access ( Telecommuting)

Distance Learning

Tele-medicine

Broadcast TV

Home shopping

Interactive Games

Movies

DMT Modulation

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DMT Modulation

Bandwidth from 0 to 1.1 Mhz is divided into 256

sub carriers with each occupying 4 Khz. Lower 1 to

6 sub- carriers are reserved to pass the 4khz

analog voice.

There are 32 upstream channels and 218

downstream channels.

Frequency Spectrum of ADSL

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The ADSL transmit signal consist of a large number (up

to 256) of sub-carrier located at spacing of 4.3125 Khz.

The channel 0 is for POTS , Channel 1-5 are not used to

avoid interference between voice and data.

POTS Channel - Separated by a POTS splitter

Upstream/Downstream channels separated by either

FDM using LPF/HPF or a combination of FDM and echo

cancellation. Echo cancellation improves the BW

throughput in the downstream direction

ADSL DMT Modulation

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Upstream

Frequency (KHz)

DownstreamVoice

0 4

256 frequency bands of sub-carriers of4 KHz bandwidth and spacing of 4.3 KHz.Each sub carrier can support maximum

15 bits/Hz. Depending on signal to noiseRatio for that sub carrier a decision is takenHow many bits that particular sub carrier canSupport. Each carrier can carry 0-15bits/sec/HzCarriers 1-6 for voice and guardband

25138 139

No

ofBits

15

1104

6 37

16

69 kHzUpstreamPilot Tone

64

276 kHzDownstreamPilot Tone

38 255

ADSL2+ DMT Modulation

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ADSL2+ DMT Modulation

Frequency

DownstreamVoice

0 4

No

ofBits

156 37 38 255

ADSL/ADSL2

0.14MHz 1.1MHz 2.2MHz

ADSL2+

ADSL2+ Doubles the bandwidth used toCarry data

512

Upstream

ADSL DMT Modulation

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Upstream DownstreamVoice

0 4 25

Frequency (KHz)

138 139

No

ofBits

15

dB

1104

Downstream

Signal tonoise ratio


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g

Cable Modem

Allows high speed access to the Internet via a

cable television network

Uses cable modem technology through the use of

Set-Top-Box at the customer premises

Broadband through Cable Modem

C bl C

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Cable Company Distribution Hub

Cable Splitter

Customer Premises

TV

Cable Modem

Hub

ComputerComputer

SharedCoaxCable

System

Combiner

CustomerPremises

CustomerPremises

TV VideoNetwork

Cable ModemTermination

System

ISP POP

Cable CompanyFiber Node

Optical/ElectricalConverter

Downstream

Upstream

Router

CableCompany

Fiber Node


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Optical Fibre Techno log ies

Optical fibre with its unmatched capacity to carry

enormous amount of information over unlimited

distances can be deployed for broadband access in :

PON (Passive Optical Network)

FTTH (Fibre-To-The-Home)

FTTC (Fibre-To-The-Curb)

HFC (Hybrid Fibre Co-axial)

Metro Ethernet Solutions

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GATEWAYROUTER

OC48

OC48 RPR Ring(EoRPR)

OC48

OC192

10 GbEGbE

OC192

OC192

OC192

Internet

GbE

10/100

OC48 RPR Ring

(EoRPR)

Aggregation POPAggregation POPwith Internet POP

CPE

802.1qVLAN tag

Mapped to RPR

Aggregation POP

Aggregation POP

OC48

OC48

OC48

10/100

GbE

CPE

802.1qVLAN tag

10/100

Mapped to RPR

OC48

GbE

CPE

802.1qVLAN tag

10/100

GbE

CPE

802.1qVLAN tag

10/100

CPE

10/100OC48

OC48

OC48

10 GbE

802.1qVLAN tag

GbE

GbE

GbE

Central Office


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PLC-Power Line Communication

Also referred as BPL (Broadband over Power Lines)

Can provide broadband Internet access through

ordinary power lines

Most extensive networks in the world, surpassing the

phone network as well as the cable network in size

and coverage Suffers from technological challenges due to

interference with noise, radio and television etc.

PLC Bands

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Low f r equencies

Below 400 kHz (US)

Below 125 kHz (Europe)

Transmission rate about 1 to 10 kbps

High f requ encies

2 to 30 MHZ (HF)

Transmission rate about 1 to 40 Mbps

PLC Application

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Access Home Networking

Lowband

Telemetry (AMR)

Security

Remote control

Control & automation

Security

Highband

Telephony

Internet

Telephone distribution

Internet distribution

PC connectivityMedia streaming

PLC

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The Distribution System

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Insert Power LineCarr ier a t m iddlevol tage

Backhaul t o NAP(f iber, DSL, w ir eless,sate l l i te)

Gett ingbeyond thetransformer

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Any Qu est ion s ?

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Documents

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