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2.1 Know the effects of industrialization on living and working conditions, including the portrayal of working conditions and food safety in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle.

2.7Analyze the similarities and differences between the ideologies of Social Darwinism and Social Gospel.

2.8 Examine the effect of political programs and activities of Populists.

2.9 Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the Progressives

The Progressive Era

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WHAT IS PROGRESSIVISM?The belief that:

THE GOVERNMENT, AS WELL AS INDIVIDUALS, SHOULD BE MORE ACTIVE IN SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS

Most progressives were educated middle class.

Social Darwinism is the belief that those who cannot be successful in society should die off. The government should not help the poor.

How does this contrast with Social Darwinism?

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PROBLEMS APPEARED RAPIDLY

IN GROWING URBAN AREAS

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INCREASED IMMIGRATION AND MASS MOVEMENT TO URBAN AREAS CREATED SERIOUS PROBLEMS

city jobs attracted Americans from farms and small towns.

Millions of immigrants settled in the new cities.

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PROBLEMS IN THE NEW CITIES #1:

TENEMENT SLUMS

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TENEMENTS WERE APARTMENT BUILDINGS WITH MANY SMALL ROOMS WHERE WHOLE FAMILIES WOULD LIVE, CROWDED

TOGETHER WITHOUT ADEQUATE AIR, WATER OR SANITARY FACILITIES.

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INSIDE A TENEMENT APARTMENT

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“5 CENTS A SPOT” THE PRICE FOR A BED FOR THE NIGHT

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WHERE THE POOR SLEPT

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PROBLEMS IN THE NEW CITIES #2 DISEASE

Poor sanitation, backed up

sewers, crowded poorly

ventilated apartments led to the

rapid spread of disease.

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Cholera•Contracted from contaminated water•Severe diarrhea causes shock from dehydration

within hours•Death can occur in less than 24 hours

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Tuberculosis (TB)

usually attacks the lungs

It spread from from coughs or sneezes.

At the time, there was no cure and its victims often died.

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The Poor would often die from the common flu

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THE MUCKRAKERS

Lincoln SteffensIda Tarbell

Upton Sinclair

Jacob Riis

•Exposed corruption of businesses or government

•Wrote about poverty in urban life

•Against big business

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UPTON SINCLAIR

HIS BOOK, THE JUNGLE DESCRIBED THE FILTHY CONDITIONS IN THE MEAT

PACKING INDUSTRY AND LED TO THE PASSAGE OF THE FEDERAL MEAT

INSPECTION ACT OF 1906

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IDA TARBELL

Miss Tarbell, in her book, revealed after years of

diligent research the illegal means used by John D.

Rockefeller to monopolize the early oil industry.

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CARTOON SHOWING THE “OCTOPUS”

STANDARD OIL SEIZING THE NATION’S OIL

BUSINESSES

IDA TARBELL

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JACOB RIIS: DOCUMENTED POVERTY AND HOPELESSNESS

Jacob Riis

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Populists

• Like the progressives of rural areas

• Farmers looking for reform to help with– Exploitation from

railroads– low food prices

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FRANK NORRIS

Exposed the stranglehold

railroads had over wheat and other

farmers.

Norris wanted government regulation of

railroad corporations.

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The Social Gospel Movement

• Provided a religious reason for people to reform society.

• Wanted government to:– Enforce public health– Enforce schooling– Abolish child labor– Regulate work hours

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HULL- HOUSE

JANE ADDAMSHULL-HOUSE: CHICAGO

Begun by Jane Addams to improve the lives of poor families by providing services that were not provided by government like kindergarten and baths.

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THEODORE ROOSEVELT

(Teddy Roosevelt)

A progressive president from 1901 - 1909

Believed the president has a responsibility to help the poor

"The welfare of each of us is dependent fundamentally upon the welfare of all of

us."

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TEDDY’S “SQUARE DEAL”

What do you think he means by this quote?

"If the cards do not come to any man . . . that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall

be no crookedness in the dealing."

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SQUARE DEAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Railroad regulation (forced fair prices)

PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT and MEAT INSPECTION ACT

SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT

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PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT &

MEAT INSPECTION ACT

Food and drugs must be: -processed in sanitary conditions-properly labeled -not misleading-not poisonous

“ . . . for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious

foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors . . .”

Mostly alcohol

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THE SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT

AN ATTEMPT TO CONTROL THE POWER OF “TRUSTS”

TRUSTS ARE BUSINESSES AGREEING TO WORK

TOGETHER TO MONOPOLIZE AN

INDUSTRY.

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SHERMAN Act breaks up RAILROAD TRUST: THE NORTHERN SECURITIES COMPANY

IN 1902, SHERMAN ACT WAS USED TO BREAK UP THE NORTHERN SECURITIES

COMPANY AND PREVENT IT FROM CONSOLIDATING ALL

THE RAILROADS IN THE NORTHWEST.

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THE BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS

ROOSEVELT ALSO CREATED “THE BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS” TO DETERMINE IF CORPORATIONS WERE ACTING IN THE PUBLIC

INTEREST. 

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Teddy also helped U.S. business

• Tariff barriers – High tax placed on imports

•Open Door Policy–International trade agreement with other rich nations allowing equal access to trade with growing markets, especially china.

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Summary