1 © 2001 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Content Delivery Solutions Fabrice Serey [email protected] Zagreb 23/09/02

1© 2001 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Content DeliverySolutions

Fabrice [email protected]

Zagreb 23/09/02

Agenda

• What is CDN ?

• Content Switches and their applications in Data Centers.

• Caching or how to increase end users response time.

• IP Video or how to build a Pay Per View Streaming solution

• Conclusion

33© 2001 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Overcomes Performance Bottlenecks

Peering Point Congestion

Origin Server Scalability,Speed of Light

Internet Backbone Cross-Internetconnections

PremisesNetwork

Local Loop

T1, DSL, Cable Modem

Dial-up10 Mb to 1 Gb

EthernetGigabit Optical Network

Peering Capacity,ISP Network Capacity

Last Mile Bandwidth

“Middle Mile”


CDN definition

Major incumbent PTT operator

“CDNs accelerate the delivery of Web contents by solving access and congestion problems. They open the way to new high-rate service (audiovisual applications, games). After first being only dedicated to Internet, CDNs have now spread to the market of multi-site companies and companies implementing high rate services on their Intranet.”


5 Key Elements of Content Networks

Content ServicesContent Services

Content Delivery Content Delivery

Network ManagementNetwork Management

Content SwitchingContent Switching

Content RoutingContent Routing

Content Content

Distribution & DeliveryDistribution & Delivery

Agenda

• CDN technical introduction.

• Content Switches and their applications in data centers.



• Conclusion


InternetInternet

Traditional Load Balancing : DNS round robin

WebServer Farm

User

DNSwww.dog.com 1.1.1.1;1.1.1.2

Load Balancing not mapped to the real load of the serverDNS does not know state of the serverClient interprets differently DNS A record with multiple IP@


InternetInternet

Step 1: User clicks: www.dog.com

Browser talks to DNS for IP AddressBrowser sends TCP SYN (connect?)

Step 2: Switch Sends TCP SYN ACK to browser

Step 3: Browser sends URL:www.dog.com

Step 4: Switch determines Best Server

Step 5: Switch connects to Best Server and splices TCP connection

How Content ServicesSwitching Works


Content IntelligenceDefined

Full content switching on:

Host TagEntire URL Dynamic Cookie

locationFile extension

000’s of rules 000’s of services 00’s of services

per content rule

Switching on MAC address, VLANs

IP Routing 802.1 P/Q

policy

Session load balancing by IP address and TCP port

Policy based on TCP port

Limited URL filtering on:

Non HTTP GETHTTP w/ CookiesFile extension

Limited URL visibility

64 strings <=40 bytes32 rules <= 8bytes

L4 L4 ““session”session”

SwitchSwitch

L4 L4 extended with extended with URL filteringURL filtering

L3 SwitchL3 Switch

Content Content ServicesServicesSwitchSwitch


What is What is being being

requested?requested?

Who is Who is requestingrequesting

it?it?Provide Provide

redundancyredundancy

LocationLocationof bestof bestserver?server?

Why a content switch ?

http://www. media.comhttp://www. media.com

Platinum Platinum AccountAccountTradingTrading

Flash Crowd Flash Crowd InsuranceInsurance

Real-timeReal-timeStock Stock QuotesQuotes

Real-timeReal-timeStock Stock QuotesQuotes

InvestorInvestorChat RoomChat Room

AccountAccountBrowsing & Browsing & CustomerCustomerServiceService

InvestorInvestorChat RoomChat Room

AccountAccountBrowsing & Browsing & CustomerCustomerServiceService


Site & System Security

DMZSecureServices

• Web site SecurityPrevents Denial of Service attacks

Stateful access control

Firewall Load BalancingInternetInternet

Attacker


And even more…

• Intelligent redirection

• Cookie sticky

• Automatic Content Replication

• Data Centers load balancing

• User-tailored Web Services

• SSL termination

• Box to box redundancy

• …


Cisco 1150XContent Services Switch

CSS 11503

CSS 11506

• 40 Gbps Switch Fabric

• Up to 6 modules

• Up to 80 FE plus 2GE

• Up to 12 GE

• Redundant AC or DC


Content Switching Module

• High-performance layer 4-7 load balancer of servers, firewalls, caches and more

• Single-slot linecard for catalyst 6500

• Custom network-processor-based hardware

• Full regular expression support (URLs, cookies, HTTP header parsing)


Reasons for a data center ?

• For operator internal use (ISP services, hosting operator portal, internal services)

• To sell new commercial services (with or without VPNs)


Data Center ”Layered model”

Shared

Hosting

Dedicated

Hosting

Co-Location

StreamingManaged Security

Internet

VPN

(FR or ATM PVC, MPLS VPN)


HostingSolution Engine

Data Center Load BalancingFor Internet and Intranet

Web Servers

ISP-1 ISP-2

Database Servers

PIX™

FirewallPIX™

Firewall

Content Switch Content Switch

SSL ContentAccelerator

SSL ContentAccelerator

Content Switch

Agenda





• Conclusion


How to cache the content ?

• PROXY caching

• TRANSPARENT caching

• REVERSE PROXY caching


Proxy Caching

• Cache Miss Example:

Cache200.200.200.1

Origin Serverwww.dogs.comClient

Enterprise NetworkInternet

• Dest. IP: 200.200.200.1• Dest. Port: 8080• Get: “//www.dogs.com/training”• No DNS lookup required by client 3. DNS resolve of www.dogs.com

6. Content stored on cache

5. Origin returns content

7. Content sent to client

4. Content request to Origin

2.

CacheMiss

1. Client request to proxy cache


Transparent Caching

• Cache Miss Example:

Origin Serverwww.dogs.com

192.4.7.1

• Dest. IP: 192.4.7.1• Dest. Port: 80• Get: “/training”• Host: www.dogs.com

1. DNS resolve of www.dogs.com

Enterprise Network

Internet

Client

Cache200.200.200.1

2. Client request to origin

3. Intercepts TCP port 80 traffic and forwards request to cache

7. Content stored on cache

6. Origin returns content

4.

CacheMiss

8. Content sent to client

5. Content request to Origin


Why caching ?

• Faster network response time

• Decrease traffic load on expensive peering links

• Ease traffic monitoring and management (filtering)


Internet access for residential customers

Service Provider WAN

POP2

POP3POP4

POP1

Dial-UpCableADSLETH

BGP peering withExternal AS

As#12As#124

As#317


Faster network response time

• ce590#sh stat http perf

• Statistics - Performance

Avg Min Max Last

• -------------------------------------------------------------

• Requests / Second: - - 240 143

• Bytes / Second: - - 1316454 773902

• Seconds / Request: 1.411 0.000 11637.331 0.990

• Seconds / Hit: 0.091 0.000 1502.203 0.242

• Seconds / Miss: 2.274 0.000 11637.331 1.871

• -------------------------------------------------------------

Cache eliminate this delay

• Seconds/Miss depends on peering links to the internet (typically 1-6 seconds)

• RT = RTSP + RTinternet + RTwebserver


Decrease traffic load on expensive peering links

ce590#show stat http savingStatistics - SavingsRequests Bytes

-----------------------------------------------------------Total: 2374343 12173144019Hits: 1260618 4191382183Miss: 1113725 7981761836Savings: 53.1 % 34.4 %

• Bandwidth saving depends on country and type of users

• Typical residential and university saving = 30% - 50%

• Business Users, Saving = 20% - 40%


Cost Saving Calculation

Monthly savings = Bandwidth (Mbps) x Monthly BW cost/Mbps xPercent HTTP traffic x Byte hit rate

Payback period = purchase price/ monthly savings


Filtering

• Web Sense : The best URL database

• Out of the box Web Sense server

• Smart Filter : The most common tools

• Inside the box Smart Filter agent

• Smart Filter GUI + License

• N2H2

Agenda




• IP Video or how to build a Pay Per View Streaming Solution

• Conclusion


Content Delivery NetworksBringing Content Closer to UsersContent Delivery NetworksBringing Content Closer to Users

Origin Web Server

ContentRouter

Server Load Balancer and

Content Servers


Content Servers


Content Servers


Content Servers

Local DNS Server


Video On DemandVideo On Demand

ManagedStreamingServer*

ManagedStreamingServer*

Streaming technology

Live TrafficLive Traffic

Un-managedStreaming Server**

Un-managedStreaming Server**

Stream SplittingStream Splitting

Stream SplittingStream Splitting

Transparent Cachingand CONTENT

PREPOSITIONING (E-CDN, I-CDN)

Transparent Cachingand CONTENT

PREPOSITIONING (E-CDN, I-CDN)

Transparent CachingTransparent Caching

*Managed streaming server : Owned by the SP in one location**Un-managed streaming server : Server on the internet


Content Engine Streaming capabilities

Full support of RealNetwork functionalities (Proxy, Subscribers, Servers)

Full support of Windows Media functionalities (Native WMS, v4.1)


Pay Per View Service

• SP are willing to sell more than just Internet access and VPN. Interest in voice and video.

• New promising service: Video and Interactive gaming

• PPV is ONE possible video service

• Video technology is still in its infancy. Microsoft is taking large market share.


PPV foundation: Video Streaming

VideoServer

Video library

Content VoD

Content Live

1. Encoding = codec, bit rate, image size, frame per second, key image intervall

2. Streaming protocol

Codec on PCIP network


…with DRM and Billing

User buy the rights to view a file for a limited amount of time (1 day)Can not store the file on his PC

DRM : Digital RightMngt Server Unique PerContent Provider

300kbit/s streams900kbit/s streams

Residential Service Provider Backbone

Datacenter

VideoServer

Broadband accessADSL, Cable, ETTH

Video Library

Billing (Outsourced)

Encrypted Stream

License aquisition


Codec: Which quality to expect?

Image quality Bandwith(Codec)

Access Type

Bad VHSon TV & PC

360kbpsADSL 512Kbps, Cable* 512kbps

ETTH

VHS on TV 700kbps

ADSL 1Mbps, ETTH

Corporate Access

DVD on TV >900kbpsETTH

Corporate Access

DVD on PC 2000kbpsETTH

Corporate Access

*might have an issue with QoSAssumption: Video are streamed on TV, not stored and play


How can Cisco help ?

300kbit/s streams900kbit/s streams

Residential Service Provider Backbone

Datacenter

VideoServerVideo Library

Broadband accessADSL, Cable, ETTH

Agenda




• IP Video or how to build a Pay Per View Streaming Solution

• Conclusion


Content Delivery Networks System Building Blocks

Highly available, scalable, performance network at Layer 2/3Highly available, scalable, performance network at Layer 2/3

StreamingStreaming ApplicationsApplicationsE-CommerceE-CommerceWeb HostingWeb Hosting

Content Content Delivery Delivery ServicesServices

Content Delivery

Networks

L2/L3 L2/L3 NetworksNetworks

Intelligent Network ServicesIntelligent Network Services

Content Distribution Content Distribution & Management& Management

ContentContentRoutingRouting

ContentContentSwitchiSwitchi

ngng

Content Content Edge DeliveryEdge Delivery

MobileMobile FixedFixedWirelessWireless

CableCable DSLDSL Dedicated/Dedicated/ATM/FRATM/FR

ISDN/DialISDN/Dial

Thank You !!!

Documents

1 © 2001 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Content Delivery Solutions Fabrice Serey [email protected] Zagreb 23/09/02