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Respiration: is the process of gas exchange between individual and the environment.

The process of respiration involves several components:

Pulmonary ventilation: the movement of air between the atmosphere and alveoli of the lungs.

Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and capillaries.

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via blood to tissues.

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Structure of the respiratory system:

Upper respiratory tract: mouth, nose, pharynx and larynx.

Lower respiratory tract: trachea and lung. Inspiration: when air flow in to lung. Expiration: air move out of the lung.

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Oxygen delivery system:

Nasal canula: its deliver low concentration of oxygen 24 to 45% at flow level 2 to 6L/M.

simple face mask: deliver oxygen concentration from 40 to 60 percent at liter flows 5 to 8L/M

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Continue:

Partial rebreathing mask: deliver oxygen concentration of 60 to 90 percent at the liter flow 6 to 10 L/M.

Non rebreathing mask: delivers the highest oxygen concentrations that is 95 to 100% at the liter flow of 10 to15 L/M.

Venturi mask: delivers oxygen concentration varying from 24 to 40% at liter flow 4 to 10 L/M.

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Purposes: To deliver low and high concentration of oxygen

when only minimal oxygen support is required.

Equipment: Oxygen supply with flow meter. Humidifier with distilled water. Gauze bad as needed.

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Intervention: Hand washing. Prepare equipment. Explain procedure to the patient. Provide privacy Perform a respiratory assessment to

determine the need for oxygen therapy. Assist the client to semi fowler’s position if

possible.

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Inform the client and support people about the safety precaution connected with oxygen use.

Turn on the oxygen at the prescribed rate and ensure proper functioning.

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Apply the appropriate oxygen delivery device such as canula or face mask.

Assess the client regularly for level of anxiety, color and ease respiration and provide support.

Assess the client in 15 to 30 m depending on client condition; assess vital sign, color, chest movements and clinical sign of hypoxia, tachycardia, confusion, dyspnea, restlessness and cyanosis.

Return the equipment. Hand washing. Documentation.

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Sign of oxygen toxicity:

Chest pain. Dry cough. Dyspnea. Eye and ear discomfort.

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