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C R P S E 3 0 2 - SOIL EROSION CONTROL
ELCET302 CONTROL SOIL EROSION
REQF Level: 3 Learning hours
Credits: 120 120
Sector: Agriculture and food processing
Sub-sector: Crop production
Issue date: January, 2014
Review date: June, 2018
Purpose statement
This module describes the skills, knowledge and attitude required to control soil erosion. It is designed
for learners who have successfully completed nine years basic education or its equivalent and pursuing
TVET Certificate III in Crop Production or any other related qualifications. At the end of this module,
learners will be able to prepare for soil erosion control operations, identify the soil erosion types, causes
and effects, apply cultural soil erosion control measures and apply mechanical soil erosion control
measures. Qualified learners deemed competent may work in various places including Site/field, Office,
Nursery and Vegetable garden performing a range of tasks related to crop growing he can work alone or
with others under supervision
Learning assumed to be in place
Not applicable
Elements of competence and performance criteria
Learning units describe the essential outcomes of a competence.
Performance criteria describe the required performance needed to demonstrate achievement
of the learning unit.
By the end of the module, the trainee will be able to:
Elements of competence Performance criteria
1. Prepare for soil erosion control operations
1.1 Proper assessment occupational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards and risks for
reporting to the supervisor
1.2 Suitable PPE selection according to the desired operation.
1.3 Proper identification of environmental implication of soil erosion control
measures for discussion with supervisor
2. Identify the soil erosion types, causes and effects
2.1. Adequate identification of soil erosion types according to site characteristics
2.2. Proper assessment of soil erosion causes referring to soil erosion effects
2.3. Effective assessment of soil erosion effect and severity according to soil erosion
types
2.4. Proper record keeping as required by supervisor
3. Apply cultural soil erosion control measures
3.1. Proper data collection according to site location and conditions 3.2. Effective identification of cultural soil erosion control measures based on
collected data 3.3. Proper implementation of suitable cultural soil erosion control measures
according to collected data and following procedures 3.4. Adequate maintenance of developed soil erosion control measures according
to their requirement 3.5. Proper record keeping as required by supervisor
4. Apply mechanical soil erosion control measures
4.1. Appropriate data collection according to site location and conditions 4.2. Effective identification of mechanical soil erosion control measures based on
collected data 4.3. Proper implementation of suitable mechanical soil erosion control measures
according to collected data and following procedures 4.4. Adequate maintenance of developed soil erosion control measures according
to their requirements 4.5. Proper record keeping as required by supervisor
LU 1:Prepare for soil erosion control operations
1
Learning Outcomes:
1. Asses occupational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards and risks for reporting to supervisor
2. Select PPE according to the desired operation. 3. Identify environmental implication of soil erosion control
measures with supervisor 5 Hours
Learning Outcome 1.1:Identify occupational, health and safety(OHS) hazards and risks for
reporting to the supervisor
Definition of Hazard
Types of hazards associated
with erosion control
Biological hazard
Physical hazards
Chemical hazard
Hazard risks
Hazards associated
with biological
hazard
Hazards associated
with Physical
hazards
hazards associated
with Chemical
hazard
Assessment of hazard risks
o Brainstorming on OHS o Group discussion on
hazards and risks associated with erosion control
o Presentation on hazards and risks associated with erosion control
- Books
- Internet
- Projector
- computer
- Field
- PPE
- Field
-
Resources Learning activities Content
Formative Assessment 1.1
Assessor may collectamong the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written
Oral
performance
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Presentation
Checklist Score
Yes No
Types of hazards
Biological hazards
Chemical hazards
Physical hazards
Types of hazard risk:
Natural disaster/Weather risk
Biological and environment contamination
Price risk
Labor and health risk
Policy and political risks
Hazard is well assessed
Observation
Learning Outcome 1.2:Select PPE according to the desired operation
Resources Learning activities Content
Performance criterion
Proper identification, assessment and reporting of risks, occupational,
health and safety(OHS) hazards to the supervisor
Importance of PPE
Categories of PPE used in
agriculture
Hand protection PPE
Respiratory protection PPE
Eyes and face protection
PPE
Body protection PPE
Hearing protection PPE
PPE Selection criteria
Use
Potential hazards
Availability
Exposure to hazards
Level o f protection
Fitness
Awareness of limitation
Compatibility
o Brainstorming on PPE used in soil erosion control
o Store visit for differentiation of PPE used in soil erosion control
o Group discussion on PPE o Practical exercises on
wearing PPE
- Books
- Internet
- Projector
- PPE
- Agricultural work shop
- Farm/ Store
Formative Assessment 1.2
Assessor may collectamong the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written
Oral
performance
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Ticking and Presentation
Checklist Score
Yes No
Types of PPE are properly selected
Performance criterion
Suitable PPE selection according to the desired operation
PPE for Hand protection
PPE for Head protection
PPE for eye and faces protection
PPE for body protection
PPE for Respiratory protection
PPE for Hearing protection
PPE selection criteria
Use
Potential hazards
Availability
Exposure to hazards
Level o f protection
Fitness
Awareness of limitation
Compatibility
Observation
Learning Outcome 1.3: Identify environmental implications of soil erosion control measures for
discussing with supervisor
Definition of environment and
environmental impact
assessment
Impact of soil erosion control on
environment
Improve land aesthetic
Improve soil stability
Ecosystem preservation
Forestation
Carbon sequestration
Water preservation
Soil conservation
o Brainstorming on EAI o Field visit and practical work
on identification of impact of soil erosion control on environment
o Group discussion
- Relative Books
- Internet
- Projector
- computer
Formative Assessment 1.3
Resources Learning activities Content
Assessor may collectamong the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written
Oral evidence
Performance
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Checklist Score
Yes No
Definition of environmental impact assessment
Impact of soil erosion control on environment
Improve land aesthetic
Improve soil stability
Ecosystem preservation
Forestation
Carbon sequestration
Water preservation
Soil conservation
Observation
Performance criterion
Proper identification of environmental implications of soil erosion control
measures for discussing with supervisor
LU 2:Identify the soil erosion types, causes and effects
2
Learning Outcomes:
1. Identify soil erosion types according to site characteristics 2. Assess soil erosion causes referring to soil erosion effects 3. Assess soil erosion effect and severity according to soil erosion
types 4. Keep records as required by supervisor
15 Hours
Learning Outcome 2.1:Identify soil erosion types according to site characteristics
Definition of soil erosion
Indicators of soil erosion bare soil plants or rocks on
pedestals exposed roots small benches of soil
behind obstacles surface soil crusts increased tendency of
runoff water to flow together into a network of connected channels
deposits of soil where the field’s slope changes
decreased thickness of topsoil
exposed subsoil at the soil surface
visible rills or gullies silt-clouded water or
sediment deposits in sur face water bodies and
irrigation canals poor plant growth
o Brainstorming on soil erosion indicators
o Discussion on soil erosion indicators
o Field visit for identification of soil erosion indicators
o Group discussion on forms of soil erosion
o Field visit for identification of forms of soil erosion indicators
- Relative Books - Internet - Projector - computer - Field - Flip chart - Markers
Resources
KLL
Learning activities Content
Types of soil erosion Accelerated Natural or geological or
background
Forms of soil erosion Splash Sheet Rill river bank erosion gully land slide surface creep saltation suspension solufluction
Formative Assessment 2.1
Assessor may collectamong the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Ticking
Presentation
Checklist Score
Yes No
Types of soil erosion
Accelerated
Performance criterion
Adequate identification of soil erosion types according to site characteristics
natural or geological or background
Forms of soil erosion
Splash
Sheet
Rill
river bank erosion
Gully
land slide
surface creep
Saltation
Suspension
Solufluction
Indicators of soil erosion
bare soil
plants or rocks on pedestals
small benches of soil behind obstacles
exposed roots
surface soil crusts
increased tendency of runoff water to flow together into a network of connected channels
deposits of soil where the field’s slope changes
decreased thickness of topsoil
exposed subsoil at the soil surface
visible rills or gullies
poor plant growth
silt-clouded water or sediment deposits in surface water bodies and irrigation canals
Observation
Learning Outcome 2.2: Assess soil erosion causes referring to soil erosion effects
The process of soil erosion
Detachment Movement Deposition
Causes of soil erosion
o Brainstorming on soil erosion process
o Discussion on soil erosion process
o Field visit for identification of
- Books
- Internet
- Projector
- Computer
Resources Learning activities Content
Natural causes Rainfall Wind Soil Topography
Artificial Causes Deforestation Overgrazing Mining Overexploitation Unadjusted irrigation activities
Socio-economic and political causes
effect of soil erosion control - Field
- Photos
Formative Assessment 2.2
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
True or false questions
Multiple choice
Matching
Sentence completion
Presentation
Checklist Score
Yes No
The process of soil erosion
Detachment
Movement/transport
Deposition
Performance criterion
Proper assessment of soil erosion causes referring to soil erosion effects
Causes agents of soil erosion
Natural causes
Rainfall
Wind
Soil
Topography
Human activities
Deforestation
Overgrazing
Mining
Overexploitation
Unadjusted irrigation activities
Socio-economic and political causes
Learning Outcome 2.3:Assess soil erosion effect and severity according to soil erosion types
Effect of soil erosion
Agricultural effects
Soil compaction Degradation of soil
fertility Flooding Crop destruction Perturbation of
cropping techniques Water pollution
Socio-economic effects Infrastructure
destruction Loss of lives Reduction of law
materials for industry
o Brainstorming on soil erosion process
o Discussion on soil erosion process
o Field visit for identification of effect of soil erosion control
- Field - Books - internet - Farm tools and
equipment
Resources Learning activities Content
Formative Assessment 2.3
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Ticking
Presentation
Checklist Score
Yes
No
Effect of soil erosion
Agricultural effects
Soil compaction
Degradation of soil fertility
Flooding
Crop destruction
Perturbation of cropping techniques
Water pollution
Socio-economic effects
Infrastructure destruction
Loss of lives
Reduction of law materials for industry
Observation
Performance criterion
Effective assessment of soil erosion effect and severity according to soil erosion
types
Learning Outcome 2.4: Keep records as required by supervisor
Importance of records keeping
Content of record form Site location/address
Driving sources of soil erosion Human
population(demography) Land development Agriculture Transport Natural events Climate change
Pressures Land cover changes Precipitation
State soil loss soil erosion mass movement change in soil quality
(depth)
Impact of soil erosion Direct impact
Changes in soil function Loss of soil fertility Contamination of
surface and ground water
Indirect impact Population welfare size and distribution biodiversity (soil habitats and species) crop yields Desertification Water stress
o Brainstorming on soil erosion record keeping
o Group discussion on soil erosion record form
o Practical exercise on record keeping
- Field - PPE - Books - Internet - Computer - Projector
Formative Assessment 2.4
Resources Learning activities Content
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Presentation
Practical work
Checklist Score
Yes
No
Importance of farm records keeping
Content of record form
Site location/Address
Driving sources
Climate change
Human population (demography)
Natural events
Transport
Agriculture
Land development
Pressures
Precipitation
Land cover changes
State
soil loss
soil erosion
mass movement
change in soil quality (depth)
Impact of soil erosion
Direct impact
Changes in soil function
Loss of soil fertility
Contamination of surface water
Indirect impact
Performance criterion
Proper record keeping as required by supervisor
Population welfare
size and distribution
Biodiversity (soilhabitats and species)
Crop yields
Desertification
Water stress
Observation
LU 3:Apply cultural soil erosion control measures
3
Learning Outcomes:
1. Proper data collection according to site location and conditions 2. Effective identification of cultural soil erosion control measures
based on collected data 3. Proper implementation of suitable cultural soil erosion control
measures according to collected data and following procedures 4. Adequate maintenance of developed soil erosion control
measures according to their requirements 5. Proper record keeping as required by supervisor
40 Hours
Learning Outcome 3.1: Collect data according to site location and conditions
Data on site location and conditions
Site configuration
Slope
Vegetation
Contour line
Geographic coordinate
Contour interval
Soil texture
Soil depth
Climatic condition
Rainfall
Wind velocity
Wind direction
o Brainstorming on field data
collection
o Group discussion on field
data collection
o Practical work on field data
collection
- Field - GPS - A Frame - N frame - Dump level - Theodolite - Internet - Related books, - Flip chart - Markers - Computer - Reports - scientific papers
Formative Assessment 3.1
Resources Learning activities Content
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Product
True or false questions
Multiple choice
Matching
Sentence completion
Ticking
Presentation
Practical work
Checklist Score
Yes No
Data on site location and conditions
Geographic coordinate
Contour line
Vegetation
Slope
Site configuration
Contour interval
Climatic conditions
Wind direction
Wind velocity
Rainfall
Observation
LearningOutcome 3.2: Identify cultural soil erosion control measures based on collected data
Resources Learning activities Content
Performance criterion
Proper data collection according to site location and conditions
Cultural soil erosion
control Methods
Cover crops, Mulching, Multiple cropping, Strip cropping, Crop rotation, Soil organic manure
application, Grass strip, Grassed waterways, Afforestation Contour tillage Agroforestry Contour ridges Inter-cropping minimum or no-tillage
Selection criteria of cultural erosion control methods Effectiveness Costs Availability Feasibility Durability Compatibility
o Brainstorming on cultural soil
erosion control methods
o Group discussion on cultural
soil erosion control methods
o Field visit for identification of
cultural soil erosion control
Methods
- Demonstration plot - Internet - Related books, - Flip chart - Markers - Computer - Reports
Formative Assessment 3.3
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Ticking
Presentation
Practical work
Performance criterion
Effective identification of cultural soil erosion control measures based on
collected data
Checklist Score
Yes No
Description of cultural soil erosion control measures
minimum or no-tillage
contour ridges
Contour tillage
Afforestation
Agroforestry
grassed waterways
grass strip
soil organic manure application
crop rotation
strip cropping
multiple cropping
Mulching
Cover crops
Inter-cropping
Selection criteria of cultural soil erosion control methods
Effectiveness
Costs
Availability
Feasibility
Compatibility
Durability
Observation
LearningOutcome 3.3: Implement suitable cultural soil erosion control measures according to
collected data and following procedures
Resources Learning activities Content
Perform selected cultural
soil erosion control
measures.
Cover crops mulching multiple cropping strip cropping crop rotation soil organic manure
application grass strip grassed waterways Afforestation Agroforestry Inter-cropping Contour tillage contour ridges minimum or no-tillage
o Field visit for identification of
cultural soil erosion control
Method
o Field practical work on cultural
soil erosion control Method
application
- field - tools and equipment - Internet - Related books - Computer - Projector - CD - DVD - Flipchart - Markers
Formative Assessment 3.3
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Product
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Presentation
Practical work
Checklist Score
Yes No
Cultural soil erosion control measures
minimum or no-tillage
Performance criterion
Proper implementation of suitable cultural soil erosion control measures according to collected data and following procedures
contour ridges
Contour tillage
Afforestation
Agroforestry
Inter-cropping
grassed waterways
grass strip
soil organic manure application
strip cropping
crop rotation
multiple cropping
Mulching
Cover crops
Observation
LearningOutcome 3.4: Maintain developed soil erosion control measures according to their
requirements
Maintenance practices Fertilization of fixing
plants Weeding of fixing plants Pruning of fixing plants Zero grazing
o Brainstorming on cultural soil
erosion control measures
maintenance practices
o Group discussionon cultural
soil erosion control measures
maintenance practices
o Practical work on cultural soil
erosion control measures
maintenance practices
- field - hand hoe - pruning shears/knives - flipchart - computer - Internet - Projector - markers - Related books
Formative Assessment 3.4
Resources Learning activities Content
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Product
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Presentation
Practical work
Checklist Score
Yes No
Maintenance practices of cultural soil erosion control measures
Zero grazing
Pruning of fixing plants
Weeding of fixing plants
Fertilization of fixing plants
Observation
LearningOutcome 3.5: keep record as required by supervisor
Importance of record keeping
on soil erosion control
Record keeping form content
Site location/Address Land size
o Brainstorming on record keeping
o Group discussion on record
keeping form
o Presentation of record keeping
- Record keeping form/template - Internet - Related books - Record keeping form - Computer
Resources Learning activities Content
Performance criterion
Adequate maintenance of developed soil erosion control measures according to their requirements
Types of cultural erosion control practices to apply
Number of manpower Narrative site description Schedule cultural erosion
control practices implementation
Number of beneficiaries Types of working evidence
collected Drawings Sketch Photo/Picture
form
o Practical work on record keeping
on form filling
- Projector - Flipchart - Markers
Formative Assessment 3.5
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Product
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Presentation
Practical work
Checklist Score
Yes No
Importance of record keeping on soil erosion control
Record keeping content
Site location/Address
Land size
Types of cultural erosion control practices to apply
Number of manpower
Narrative site description
Performance criterion
Proper record keeping as required by supervisor
Schedule cultural erosion control practices implementation
Number of beneficiaries
Types of working evidence collected
Drawings
Sketch
Photo/Picture
Observation
LU 4:Apply mechanical soil erosion control measures
4
Learning Outcomes:
1. Appropriate data collection according to site location and conditions
2. Effective identification of mechanical soil erosion control measures based on collected data
3. Proper implementation of suitable mechanical soil erosion control measures according to collected data and following procedures
4. Adequate maintenance of developed soil erosion control measures according to their requirements
5. Proper record keeping as required by supervisor
5 Hours
Learning Outcome 4.1: Collect data according to site location and conditions
Data on site location and
conditions
Site configuration
Slope
Vegetation
Contour line
Geographic coordinate
Contour interval
Soil texture
Soil depth
Climatic condition
Rainfall
Wind velocity
Wind direction
o Brainstorming on field
data collection
o Group discussion on
field data collection
o Practical work on field
data collection
- Field
- GPS
- A Frame
- N frame
- Dump level
- Theodolite
- Internet
- Related books,
- Flip chart
- Markers
- Computer
- Reports
- scientific papers
Formative Assessment 4.1
Resources Learning activities Content
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Product
True or false questions
Multiple choice
Matching
Sentence completion
Practical work
Checklist Score
Yes No
Data on site location and conditions
Geographic coordinate
Contour line
Vegetation
Slope
Site configuration
Contour interval
Climatic conditions
Wind direction
Wind velocity
Rainfall
Observation
LearningOutcome 4.2: Identifymechanical soil erosion control measures based on collected
data
Resources Learning activities Content
Performance criterion
Appropriate data Collection according to site location and conditions
Mechanical soil erosion
control methods
Trenches Ditches Bunds Gabions stone line filter strips trash lines ridges weirs bench terraces progressive terraces
Selection criteria for mechanical erosion control measures
Effectiveness Costs
Availability
Feasibility
Durability
Compatibility
o Brainstorming on mechanical
soil erosion control methods
o Group discussion on mechanical
soil erosion control methods
o Field visit for identification of
mechanical soil erosion control
Methods
- Field - GPS - A Frame - N frame - Dump level - Theodolite - Internet - Related books, - Flip chart - Markers - Computer - Reports - scientific papers
Formative Assessment 4.2
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Product
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Ticking
Presentation
Performance criterion
Proper Identification of mechanical soil erosion control measures based on collected data
Checklist Score
Yes No
Mechanical soil erosion control methods
Trenches
Progressive terraces
Bench terraces
Weirs
Ditches
Gabions
Bunds
Ridges
Trash lines
Filter strips
Stone line
Selection criteria for mechanical erosion control measures
Compatibility
Durability
Availability
Costs
Effectiveness
Observation
LearningOutcome 4.3: Implement mechanical soil erosion control measures according to
collected data and following procedures
Perform selected mechanical
soil erosion control measures
Trenches Ditches Bunds Gabions
o Field visit for identification of
mechanical soil erosion control
Method
o Field practical work on
mechanical soil erosion control
- Field - Fixing plants - stones - GPS - A Frame - N frame
Resources Learning activities Content
stone line filter strips trash lines ridges weirs bench terraces progressive terraces
Method application - Dump level - Theodolite - Internet - Related books, - Flip chart - Markers - Computer - Reports - scientific papers
Formative Assessment 4.3
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Product
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Presentation
Practical work
Checklist Score
Yes No
Selected mechanical soil erosioncontrol measures
Trenches
Ditches
Bunds
Gabions
Stone line
Filter strips
Trash lines
Ridges
Performance criterion
Proper implementation of suitable mechanical soil erosion control measures according to collected data and following procedures
Weirs
Bench terraces
Progressive terraces
Observation
LearningOutcome 4.4: Maintain developed soil erosion control measures according to their requirements
Amendment:
Lime
Organic manure
Fixing plants:
Rhodes grasses
Gunia grasses
Buffel grasses
Phalaris
Tall fescue
Cocks foot
Water retention ponds di-
silting
Repair the eroded area.
o Brainstorming on mechanical
soil erosion control structures
maintenance
o Group discussion on
mechanical soil erosion
control structures
maintenance
o Field visit for mechanical soil
erosion control structures
maintenance
o Practical exercises on
mechanical soil erosion
control structures
maintenance
- Field - GPS - A Frame - N frame - Fixing plants - stones - Dump level - Theodolite - Internet - Related books, - Flip chart - Markers - Computer
Formative Assessment 4.4
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Performance criterion
Adequate maintenance of developed mechanical soil erosion control structures
according to their requirements
Resources Learning activities Content
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Product
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Presentation
Practical work
Checklist Score
Yes No
Amendment
Lime
Organic manure
Fixing plants
Rhodes grasses
Gunia grasses
Buffel grasses
Phalaris
Tall fescue
Cocks foot
Water retention ponds Di-silting
Repair the eroded area.
Observation
LearningOutcome 4.5: Keep record as required by supervisor
Resources Learning activities Content
Importance of record
keeping on soil erosion
control
Record keeping form
content
Site location/Address Land size Types of mechanical
erosion control practices to apply
Number of manpower Narrative site description Schedule mechanical
erosion control practices implementation
Number of beneficiaries Types of working
evidence collected Drawings Sketch Photo/Picture
o Brainstorming on record
keeping
o Group discussion on record
keeping form
o Presentation of record
keeping form
o Practical work on record
keeping on form filling
- Record keeping form/template
- Internet - Related books - Record keeping form - Computer - Projector - Flipchart - Markers
Formative Assessment 4.5
Assessor may collect among the following evidences and make judgements on whether the
performance criterion has been achieved.
Types of evidence Portfolio assessment tools
Written evidence
Oral evidence
Performance
Product
Multiple choice
True or false questions
Matching
Sentence completion
Presentation
Practical work
Checklist Score
Yes No
Performance criterion
Proper record keeping as required by supervisor
Importance of record keeping on soil erosion control
Record keeping form content
Site location/Address
Land size
Types of mechanical erosion control practices to apply
Number of manpower
Narrative site description
Schedule mechanical erosion control practices implementation
Number of beneficiaries
Types of working evidence collected
Drawings
Sketch
Photo/Picture
Observation
Reference books:
1. Agriculture,governmentofindia. 2. Ericher Brand stter (2013),Construction Storm water Erosion and Sediment Control Manual,
DEQ’s Office of Communications& Outreach, Portland 3. Footsteps,Tearfund.Tearfund InternationalLearningZone.
Issue15http://tilz.tearfund.org/Publications/.LastAccessed2/22/07 4. Http://tilz.tearfund.org/Publications/Footsteps+6170/Footsteps+70/Contour+barriers.htm 5. Http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/Franc1M/esc334/lectures/physical.htm 6. Http://www.ehow.com/how_5964925_calculate-1_2_percent-slope.html 7. Manage–national instituteofagricultural extensionmanagement,ministry 8. Source: http://www.ndsu.edu/soilhealth/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Screen-Shot-2013-03-
23-at-1.13.49-PM.png 9. Www.manage.gov.in,Last accessed 2/20/2007.
Summative Assessment
Integrated situation Resources
Farmers of Gakenke District grow maize, Irish potatoes, orange sweet potatoes and cassava. In March 2017, a heavy rainfall in the above district caused parts of field to be transported in valley in
Tools: shovel A-frame N frame
Gakenke sector. In some fields of Karambo sector, rills erosion has been observed/reported all around fields, while in Rushashi sector, field sheets erosion were observed. Farmers in those sectors have reported a decrease of yield, loss of lives, water logging, and destruction of infrastructure, caused by the above events. As a skilled agricultural worker, you are requested to demonstrate to those farmers of Gakenke sector, Gakenke cell, how to create two trenches of 4m long,40cm width, 50cm depth for each, and 50cm spacing between trenches .These activities have to be conducted within 4 hours for this task.
Carpenter level (water level).
Hammer
Hoes
level, machete, Panga
Pegs
Picks
ranging pole, ropes Ropes
Shovel
sticks Tape measure
Fork hoe
Materials:
Grasses planting material
Equipment:
Dumpy level Theodolite PPE GPS
Observation This integrated situation is an example, however the check list for evaluating the qualityof process were developed to fit any other integrated situation 1. TVET schols should implement different soil erosion control measures this will allow trainees to
demonstrate activities on soil erosion control measures at various stages. 2. Trainees will be evaluated in form of project whereby they canl carry out soil erosion control
activities from implementation up the maintenance. 3. Trainers can design another integration situation adopted to the context
Assesment Criterion 1: Quality of process
Checklist Score
Yes No
Indicator1:Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards and risks for reporting to the supervisor are proper assessment
Types of hazards
Biological hazards
Chemical hazards
Physical hazards
Natural disaster/Weather risk
Biological and environment contamination
Price risk
Labor and health risk
Policy and political risks
Hazard is well assessed
Indicator2 : PPE is Suitably selection according to the desired operation
Types of PPE are properly selected
PPE for Hand protection
PPE for Head protection
PPE for eye and faces protection
PPE for body protection
PPE for Respiratory protection
PPE for Hearing protection
PPE selection criteria
Use
Potential hazards
Availability
Exposure to hazards
Level o f protection
Fitness
Awareness of limitation
Compatibility
Indicator 3: Environmental implication of soil erosion control measures are properly identified for discussion with supervisor
Definition of environmental impact assessment
Impact of soil erosion control on environment
Improve land aesthetic
Improve soil stability
Ecosystem preservation
Forestation
Carbon sequestration
Water preservation
Soil conservation
Indicator 4: Soil erosion types according to site characteristics are adequately identified
Types of soil erosion
Accelerated
natural or geological or background
Forms of soil erosion
Splash
Sheet
Rill
river bank erosion
Gully
land slide
surface creep
Saltation
Suspension
Solufluction
Indicators of soil erosion
bare soil
plants or rocks on pedestals
small benches of soil behind obstacles
exposed roots
surface soil crusts
increased tendency of runoff water to flow together into a network of connected channels
deposits of soil where the field’s slope changes
decreased thickness of topsoil
exposed subsoil at the soil surface
visible rills or gullies
poor plant growth
silt-clouded water or sediment deposits in surface water bodies and irrigation canals
Indicator 5: Soil erosion causes are properly assessed referring to soil erosion effects
The process of soil erosion
Detachment
Movement/transport
Deposition
Causes agents of soil erosion
Natural causes
Rainfall
Wind
Soil
Topography
Human activities
Deforestation
Overgrazing
Mining
Overexploitation
Unadjusted irrigation activities
Socio-economic and political causes
Indicator 6: Soil erosion effect and severity are effectively assessed according to soil erosion types
Effect of soil erosion
Agricultural effects
Soil compaction
Degradation of soil fertility
Flooding
Crop destruction
Perturbation of cropping techniques
Water pollution
Socio-economic effects
Infrastructure destruction
Loss of lives
Reduction of law materials for industry
Indicator 7: Records are properly kept as required by supervisor
Importance of farm records keeping
Content of record form
Site location/Address
Driving sources
Climate change
Human population (demography)
Natural events
Transport
Agriculture
Land development
Pressures
Precipitation
Land cover changes
State
soil loss
soil erosion
mass movement
change in soil quality (depth)
Impact of soil erosion
Direct impact
Changes in soil function
Loss of soil fertility
Contamination of surface water
Indirect impact
Population welfare
size and distribution
Biodiversity (soilhabitats and species)
Crop yields
Desertification
Water stress
Indicator 8: Data are Properly collected according to site location and conditions
Data on site location and conditions
Geographic coordinate
Contour line
Vegetation
Slope
Site configuration
Contour interval
Climatic conditions
Wind direction
Wind velocity
Rainfall
Indicator 9:Cultural soil erosion control measures are effectively identified based on collected data
Description of cultural soil erosion control measures
minimum or no-tillage
contour ridges
Contour tillage
Afforestation
Agroforestry
grassed waterways
grass strip
soil organic manure application
crop rotation
strip cropping
multiple cropping
Mulching
Cover crops
Inter-cropping
Selection criteria of cultural soil erosion control methods
Effectiveness
Costs
Availability
Feasibility
Compatibility
Durability
Indicator 10: suitable cultural soil erosion control measures are properly implemented according to collected data and following procedures
Cultural soil erosion control measures
minimum or no-tillage
contour ridges
Contour tillage
Afforestation
Agroforestry
Inter-cropping
grassed waterways
grass strip
soil organic manure application
strip cropping
crop rotation
multiple cropping
Mulching
Cover crops
Indicator 11: Developed soil erosion control measures are adequately maintained according to their requirement
Maintenance practices of cultural soil erosion control measures
Zero grazing
Pruning of fixing plants
Weeding of fixing plants
Fertilization of fixing plants
Indicator 12: Records are properly kept as required by supervisor
Importance of record keeping on soil erosion control
Record keeping content
Site location/Address
Land size
Types of cultural erosion control practices to apply
Number of manpower
Narrative site description
Schedule cultural erosion control practices implementation
Number of beneficiaries
Types of working evidence collected
Drawings
Sketch
Photo/Picture
Indicator 13: Data are Appropriately collected according to site location and conditions
Data on site location and conditions
Geographic coordinate
Contour line
Vegetation
Slope
Site configuration
Contour interval
Climatic conditions
Wind direction
Wind velocity
Rainfall
Indicator 14:Mechanical soil erosion control measures are effectively identified based on collected data
mechanical soil erosion control methods
Trenches
progressive terraces
bench terraces
Weirs
Ditches
Gabions
Bunds
Ridges
trash lines
filter strips
stone line
Selection criteria for mechanical erosion control measures
Compatibility
Durability
Availability
Costs
Effectiveness
Indicator 15:Suitable mechanical soil erosion control measures are properly implemented according to collected data and following procedures
Selected mechanical soil erosioncontrol measures
Trenches
Ditches
Bunds
Gabions
Stone line
Filter strips
Trash lines
Ridges
Weirs
Bench terraces
Progressive terraces
Indicator 16: Developed soil erosion control measures are adequately maintained according to their requirements
Amendment
Lime
Organic manure
Fixing plants
Rhodes grasses
Gunia grasses
Buffel grasses
Phalaris
Tall fescue
Cocks foot
Water retention ponds disilting
Repair the eroded area.
Indicator 17: Records are Properly kept as required by supervisor
Importance of record keeping on soil erosion control
Record keeping form content
Site location/Address
Land size
Types of mechanical erosion control practices to apply
Number of manpower
Narrative site description
Schedule mechanical erosion control practices implementation
Number of beneficiaries
Types of working evidence collected
Drawings
Sketch
Photo/Picture
Observation
Assesment Criterion 2: Quality of product
Checklist Score
Yes No
Indicator: 1.Trenches are well prepared
Contour lines
Spacing
The embankment
Indicator: 2. Embankment is well stabilized
Fixings grass
Observation
Assesment Criterion 3: Relevance
Checklist Score
Yes No
Indicator: 1. Dimensions of trenches are well respected
Length (4m)
Depth (50cm)
Width (40cm)
Equidistance (50cm
Indicator: 2. Time is effectively managed
Duration (4 hours)
Observation
Integrated situation Resources
Ms. NYIRARUNYONGA is a farmer in Gatsibo district in Kabarore sector, she possesses one and half hectare of land where she grows climbing Beans. The yield of the above mentioned crop is decreasing progressively due to the use of inappropriate farming practices. Therefore, she is no longer able to satisfy the market of Nyagahanga TVET School as she used to. As a skilled agricultural worker, you are requested to perform a demonstration on farming practices (planting materials preparation, planting at 40cmx20cm, plant maintenance activities and harvesting) on climbing beans ‘Iron fortified beans variety’. These activities have to be performed on plot of 8m2(4 m long and 2 m wide) to demonstrate to this farmer.The task should be performed and later demonstrated in 3 hours.
Tools: Hoe, pang, bags, hoe, spade, watering can, measuring tapes, pegs, Forked hoe, ropes
Equipment: Prayers, Wheelbarrow, PPE
Materials: Seeds Fertilizers ( manure, DAP,UREA)
Assesment Criterion 3: Quality of process
Checklist Score
Yes No
Indicator: 1. Tools and equipment are adequately selected referring to legumes species
Types of tools used in legumes growing
Land clearing tools and equipment
First tillage tools and equipment
Second tillage tools and equipment
Maintenance tools and equipment
Legume harvesting tools and equipment
Legume produce handling tools
Tools and equipment selection Criteria
Activity to be done
Working conditions of tools and equipments
Availability
Accessibility
Cost
Tools and equipments efficiency
Durability
Maneuverability
Indicator2: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards and Risks are properly assessed and reported to supervisor
Types of hazards
Biological hazards
Physical hazards
Chemicals hazards
Hazards risks
Risks associated with Biological hazards in legume growing
Risks associated with physical hazards in legume growing
Risks associated with chemical hazards in legume growing
Indicator 3: PPE are suitably selected according to the desired operation
Types of PPE
Hand protection equipment
Head protection equipment
Eye and faces protection equipment
Body protection equipment
Respiratory protection equipment
Hearing protection equipment
PPE selection criteria
Use
Potential hazards
Availability
Exposure to hazards
Level o f protection
Fitness
Awareness of limitation
Compatibility
Indicator 4: Environmental implications of legume growing for discussing with supervisor are properly identified
Types of impact of legumes cropping on environment
Negative impact
Deforestation
Water scarcity
Water pollution
Air pollution
Water lodging
Soil erosion
Loss of wild biodiversity
Genetic diversity
Outbreak of new pests and disease
Positive impact
Ecosystem preservation
Nitrogen fixation
Carbon sequestration
Soil erosion control
Indicator 5: Legume species are properly selected according to the enterprise quality standards.
Legume species
Bean and snap beans
Soybean
Peas and snap peas
Groundnut
Selection criteria of legume species
Adaptability on Ecological conditions
Productivity
Marketability
Life cycle
Indicator 6: Field is properly identified according to legumes requirements
Ecological requirements
Climatic requirements
Temperature
Rainfall
Altitude
Relative humidity
Wind
Edaphic requirements
Soil Ph
Soil fertility
Soil drainage
Soil Depth
Field background
Previous crop
Fertilization
Pesticides
Pests and disease
Field accessibility
Infrastructure
Market
Field slope
Indicator 7: Land is adequately cleared according to the site selected
Importance of land clearing
Site obstacles
Shrubs/ bushes
Stones
Stumps
Holes
Tools and equipment used in land clearing
Methods/ways of land clearing
Manual clearing
Mechanical clearing
Chemical spray clearing
Indicator 8: Till adequately legume grown according to its requirements
Primary tillage
Secondary tillage
Cultivation methods
Flat cultivation
Mound cultivation
Indicator 9: Soil amendments are properly applied complying with legumes requirements
Types of amendments
Organic amendments
Farm yardmanure
Compost
Green manure
Inorganic amendment
Lime
Perlite
Dolomite
Gypsum
Selection criteria of soil amendments
Soil pH
pH of amendment
Indicator 10: Planting pattern is appropriately made out according to the crop production plan
Different planting patterns for legume growing
Square planting
Double planting pattern
Triangle/ staged planting
Rectangular planting
Criteria of field lay out selection
Spacing
Pathways
Access
Indicator 11: Legumes seeds are prepared as required by legume species
Pre-treatment methods
Cleaning/winnowing
Sorting
Seeds coating
Seeds inoculation
Germinations rate test
Characteristic of good legume seeds
Viability
Purity
Germination rate
Moisture contents
Health
Required size
Indicator 12: Legumes seeds are appropriately sown referring on legume species,quality and market standards
Sowing method
Broadcasting methods
Seeds drilling
Dibbling
Spacing
Spacing for Beans
Spacing for soybeans
Spacing for groundnuts
Spacing for peas
Indicator 13: Legume plantation is properly maintained according to legumes requirements and market quality standards
Different maintenance practices
Weeding
Irrigation
Hoeing
Gapping
Fertilization
Earthing up ( groundnut)
Staking (beans, and peas)
Pests and disease control Methods
Cultural control
Mechanical control
Physical control
Chemical control
Indicator 14: Maturity stages are properly identified based on market requirements
Types of maturity
Utility maturity
Physiological maturity
Physiological signs of maturity for legume
Color
Size
Shape
Crop period
Crop period of beans and snap beans
Crop period of soybeans
Crop period of groundnut
Crop period of peas and snap peas
Methods of maturity indices determination
Visual methods
Physical method
Chemical method
Physiological
Computation
Plant part to be harvested
Part to harvest on Beans
Part to harvest on peas
Part to harvest on Soybeans
Part to harvest on groundnuts
Harvesting techniques
Selective harvesting
Non selective harvesting
Indicator 15: Handling techniques specific to legumes species and market requirement are effectively applied.
Handling techniques of legumes
Drying of legume produce
Shelling of legume produce
Winnowing of legume
Sorting and grading
Moisture content determination
pest prevention
Packaging of legume produce
Characteristic packages
Visible
Easy transport
Esthetic
Status
Dependability
Adaptability
Security
Not being too heavy
Labeling of legume produce
Characteristics of label
Visibility
Readable
Understandable
Presentable
Indicator 16: Records are properly kept as required by supervisor
Content of record form
Legume species
Date
Activity
Site location
Unit/Designation
Field size
Purpose of legume produce handling
Quantity
Methods of record
Written recording
Soft record on computer
Observation
Assesment Criterion 3: Quality of product
Checklist Score
Yes No
Indicator:1. Beans field is properly maintained
Weed free plot
Staked beans plants
Healthy and vigorous
Indicator 2: Beans are harvested appropriately
Harvested beans
Mature beans
Observation
Assesment Criterion 3: Relevance
Checklist Score
Yes No
Indicator 1: The time is effectively managed
Duration (3hours)
Indicator 2: Plot dimensions are accurately respected
Plot surface (8m2)
Length (4m)
Width (2m)
Indicator 3: Spacing is accurately respected
Between rows (40cm)
Within row (20 cm)
Indicator 4 : The variety of bean was correctly selected
Iron fortified bean plants and pulses
Observation
Observation This integrated situation is an example, however the check lists for evaluating the quality of process were developed to fit any other integrated situation .
1. TVET schools should install demonstration plots, this will allow trainees to demonstrate activities on crop at various stages.
2. Trainees can be evaluated in form of project whereby they carry out growing activities on small piece of land from land preparation up to harvesting.
3. Trainers can design another integration situation adapted to the context. Reference: 1. F. Mahmooda, f,: Economic and environmental impacts of introducing grain legumes in farming
systems of Midi-Pyrenees region (France): January 2017, ISSN: 1735-6814 (Print), 1735-8043 2. Pacifica F. Achieng Ogola, November, 2007, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, Papers
presented at Short Course II on Surface Exploration for Geothermal Resources, organized by UNU-GTP and KenGen, at Lake Naivasha, Kenya, 2-17 November, 2007.
3. Australian Government, department of Education, Employment and workplace relation: AHCPCM301A Implement a plant nutrition program
4. LAMBERT DELIMINI, 10/16/2012, SEED PRODUCTION AND TRIANING MANUAL by FAO/GERMANY COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME For MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FOOD SECURITY
5. Government of Rwanda, REMA, November 2006, general guidelines and procedure for
Environmental impact assessment. 6. Melissa Barker: Essential Recordkeeping for Farm and Business, The Evergreen State College Brad
Jaeckel: WSU 7. Australian Government, department of Education, Employment and workplace relation: May 2012,
RTF3014A Implement a propagation plan 8. RTF3014A Implement a propagation plan; tropical agriculture research,2008 Vol 20,:123-133,,
Maturity indices for harvesting beans 9. Moritz Reckling, February 2014, Legume-supported cropping systems for Europe, reported by
Kairsty Topp, Christine Watson (Scotland’s Rural College, UK);Donal Murphy-Bokern (Germany); andF.L. Stoddard (University of Helsinki, Finland).
