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3 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers “What’s This Stuff Good For?”
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11998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Chapter 8I/O Systems
21998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
5 Components of Any Computer
31998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
“What’s This Stuff Good For?”
41998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Motivation for Input/Output
51998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
I/O Design Issues
61998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Outline
71998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
I/O System Performance
81998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Simple Producer-Server Model
91998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Throughput vs. Respond Time
101998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Throughput Enhancement
111998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
I/O Benchmarks for Perf. Measure (1/2)
121998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
I/O Benchmarks for Perf. Measure (2/2)
131998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Outline
141998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
I/O Device Examples and Speeds
151998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Magnetic Disk
161998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Disk History (1/2)
171998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Disk History (2/2)
181998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
1-inch Disk Drive!
191998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Storage Technology Drivers
201998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Historical Perspective
211998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Technology Trends
221998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Disk Device Technology
231998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Photo of Disk Head, Arm, Actuator
241998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Magnetic Disk Characteristic
251998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Typical Numbers of a Magnetic Disk
261998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Typical Numbers of a Magnetic Disk
271998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Recent Example: Barracuda 180
281998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Disk Device Performance
※Assumes average seek distance is random
291998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Example
301998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Areal Density
311998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Data Rate: Inner vs. Outer Tracks
321998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Disk Performance Model/Trends
331998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Reliability and Availability
341998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Disk Arrays
351998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Disk Summary
361998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Outline
371998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
What Is a Bus?
381998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
391998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Advantages of Buses
401998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Disadvantage of Buses
411998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
The General Organization of a Bus
421998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Master versus Slave
431998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Buses According to Functionality
441998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
A Computer System with One Bus:Backplane Bus
451998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
A Two-Bus System
461998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
A Three-Bus System
471998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Main Components of Intel Chipset
481998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Buses According to Clocking
491998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Simple Synchronous Protocol
501998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Simple Synchronous Protocol (Write)
511998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Asynchronous Handshake (Read)
521998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Asynchronous Handshake (Write)
531998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Multiple Potential Bus Masters:Need Arbitration
541998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Daisy Chain Bus Arbitration
551998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Centralized Parallel Arbitration
561998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Increasing the Bus Bandwidth
571998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Increasing Transaction Rate onMultimaster Bus
581998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Summary of Bus Options
591998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Bus Summary
601998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Outline
611998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
What Need to Make I/O Work?
621998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Instruction Set Architecture for I/O
631998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Memory Mapped I/O
641998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Processor-I/O Speed Mismatch
651998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Processor Checks Status before Acting
661998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Polling: Programmed I/O
671998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Alternative to Polling?
681998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
I/O Interrupt
691998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Interrupt Driven Data Transfer
701998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Questions Raised about Interrupts
711998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Improving Data Transfer Performance
721998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
What is DMA (Direct Memory Access)?
731998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Delegating I/O from CPU: DMA
741998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Delegating I/O from CPU: IOP
751998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Responsibilities of Operating System
761998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Functions OS Must Provide
771998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
OS: I/O Requirements
781998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Summary