1 12-1 Adjective clauses: introductionAdjective clauses: introduction 12-2 Using who and whom in adjective...Using who and whom in adjective... 12-3 Using

1

12-1 Adjective clauses: introduction12-2 Using who and whom in adjective ...12-3 Using who, who(m), and that in adjective ...12-4 Using which and that in adjective clauses12-5 Singular and plural verbs in adjective … 12-6 Using prepositions in adjective clauses12-7 Using whose in adjective clauses

CONTENTS

2

12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION

I have a terrific friend

who is very kind.

3

11-10 CPITALIZATION


(a) I have a terrific friend.adjective + noun

(b) I have a thoughtful friend.adjective + noun

adjective modifies noun

4

11-10 CPITALIZATION


(b) I have a thoughtful friend.adjective + noun

adjective noun

(usually)

(a) I have a terrific friend.adjective + noun

5

11-10 CPITALIZATION


(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.noun + adjective clause

adjective clause modifies noun

11-10 CPITALIZATION

(d) I have a friend who is a doctor.noun + adjective clause

11-10 CPITALIZATION

(e) I have a friend who lives next door.noun + adjective clause

6

11-10 CPITALIZATION


(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.noun + adjective clause

noun adjective clause

11-10 CPITALIZATION

(d) I have a friend who is a doctor.noun + adjective clause

11-10 CPITALIZATION

(e) I have a friend who lives next door.noun + adjective clause

7

12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The boy who has the phone

is adorable.

8


(a) The child is adorable.

(b) The child is adorable.

He has the phone.

is a subject pronounhe is a subject pronounwho

who has the phone

he adjective clausewho

9



(b) The child is adorable.who has the phone

INCORRECT: The child is adorable who has the phone.

noun adjective clause

10


(c) The child was funny.

(d) The child was funny.

I saw him.

is an object pronounhim is an object pronounwhom

whom I saw

him adjective clausewhom

11


(c) The child was funny.

(d) The child was funny.who has the phone

INCORRECT: The child was funny who has the phone.

noun + adjective clause

12

12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE

whotwo sentences one sentence

Jonah is in my English class.He is an excellent student.

who is an excellent student is in my English class.Jonah

13


whotwo sentences one sentence

Mary is an artist.She is very talented.

who is very talented is an artist.Mary

14

whom we see are


Øtwo sentences one sentence

We see the vendors.They are working in the floating market.

working in the floating market.

The vendors

15

The girl that has the phone

is friendly.

12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

16

(a) The girl is friendly.

(b) The girl is friendly.who has the phone

INCORRECT: The girl has the phone is friendly.

(c) The girl that has the phone is friendly.

samemeaning


17


(c) The child is adorable.

He has the phone.

is a subject pronounHe can be the subject that

that has the phone

He adjective clausethat


18

(d) The child was funny. I knew her.

(e) The child was funny.who(m) I knew

(f) The child that I knew was funny.


(g) The child Ø I knew was funny.

object pronoun can be omitted from adjective clause

S O

who(m)that

19

12-3 LET’S PRACTICE

CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR

The people who(m) I met last night were really funny.

20


CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR

The woman is reading is my sister.

21


CORRECT INCORRECTOR ?The woman that is reading is my sister.

22

12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The computer that I just bought is really

fast.

23


(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.

(c) My computer that is new is really fast.

(b) My computer which is new is really fast.

s v

s v

s v

which things that people / thingswho, whom people

24





adjective clausewhich It

25





adjective clausethat It

26


(a) That computer is really fast. It is new.

(c) That computer that is new is really fast.

(b) That computer which is new is really fast.

INCORRECT: That computer is new is really fast.

27

which, that object in adjective clause


(d) The old car needs work. I drive it.

(f) The old car that I drive needs work.

(e) The old car which I drive needs work.

s v o

o s v

o s v

(g) The old car Ø I drive needs work.s v

28


(d) The old car needs work. I drive it.

(f) The old car that I drive needs work.

(e) The old car which I drive needs work.

(g) The old car Ø I drive needs work.

same meaning

same meaning

29

which we played


whichtwo sentences one sentence

We played a game. The game was fun.

was fun.

The game

30

we played



was fun.

The game

We played a game. The game was fun.

31

the supermarket


thattwo sentences one sentence

Where is the supermarket?It sells great produce.

that sells great produce?

Where is

32

12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener.

33


(a) I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener.

singular noun singular verb

34


(b) I have friends who are wonderful gardeners.

plural noun plural verb

35


isare

People who travel to other countries ___ required to have a passport.are

36


isare

A set of twins that ___ not identical ___ called fraternal.

isis

37


speakspeaks

There are many people in Europe who ______ more than one language.

speak

38

12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The new student I talked to was thrilled

to be here.

39


(a) The teacher is friendly. I talked to her.PREP Obj.

(b) The teacher whom I talked to is friendly.

PREPObj.

(c) The teacher that I talked to is friendly.

(d) The teacher Ø I talked to is friendly.

40

(e) The teacher to whom I talked is friendly.PREP Obj.

FORMAL ENGLISH

preposition + whom + adjective clause which

MUST have pronoun


41


(f) The paper is long. I am working on it.PREP Obj.

(g) The paper which I am working on is long.

PREPObj.

(h) The paper that I am working on is long.

(i) The paper Ø I am working on is long.

42

(j) The paper on which I am working is long.PREP Obj.

FORMAL ENGLISH

preposition + whom + adjective clause which

MUST have pronoun


43

which we

whichtwo sentences one sentence

We went to a game. It was boring.

went to was boring.

The game


44

Ø we


went to was boring.

The game


We went to a game. It was boring.

45


We visited a Rodin museum yesterday. It was beautiful.

that

that we visited

yesterday was beautiful.

The Rodin museum

46

12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.

47


(a) The boy has a cast. His wrist is broken.

48



whose wrist

(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.

whose possession

49



(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.

adjective clause

whose wrist

50


(c) I have a friend. Her mother is a doctor.

whose mother

(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.

whose possession

51


(c) I have a friend. Her mother is a doctor.

whose mother

(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.

adjective clause

52


(e) The family was moving. I bought their car.

53


(e) The family was moving. I bought their car.

whose car

(f) The family whose car I bought was moving.

whose possession

54


(c) The family is moving. I bought their car.

whose car

(d) The family whose car I bought was moving.

adjective clause

55


This is my friend Ichiro.His sister is a famous scientist.

whowhose

whose sister

is a famous scientist.

This is my friend Ichiro

56


I go to a great doctor.She is very busy.

who is very busy. I go to a great doctor

whowhose

57


I go to a busy doctor.Her patients often have to wait in line.

whose patients often

have to wait in line.

I go to a busy doctor

whowhose

5858

PHOTO CREDITS

Images used under license from:• Shutterstock, Inc. • Clipart, Inc.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.

Documents

1 12-1 Adjective clauses: introductionAdjective clauses: introduction 12-2 Using who and whom in adjective...Using who and whom in adjective... 12-3 Using