1-1 Themes of Biology Objectives: 1.  Relate the 7 properties of life

to living organisms. 2.  Describe 7 themes that can

help you organize what you learn about Biology.

3.  Identify the tiny structures that make up all living organisms.

4.  Differentiate between reproduction and heredity and between metabolism and homeostasis.

http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/life/cartoon.origins.jpg

What is living?

  Object yes no   Mouse   Kleenex   Cactus   Coral   Dust pan   Bacteria in petri dish

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What are the characteristics that make them alive?

  Partner Brainstorm…   Group list….   Record…

1. Cellular Structure and Function   All living things are made

of one or more cells.   CELLS are highly

organized tiny structures with thin coverings called membranes.

  Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

  *your body is made of about 100 trillion cells

  http://www.coloncancerresource.com/image-files/colon-cancer-cell-diagram.jpg

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

/Prokaryote_cell_diagram_pt.svg/573px-Prokaryote_cell_diagram_pt.svg.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Prokaryote_cell_diagram_pt.svg/573px-Prokaryote_cell_diagram_pt.svg.png

http://scienceblogs.com/clock/upload/2006/11/a2%20animal%20cell.png

What is the difference?

  1. Size –   Prokaryotic cells are smaller   2. Nucleus-   Only found in Eukaryotic cells   3. Membrane bound organelles –   Only found in Eukaryotic cells

2. Reproduction   All living things can reproduce.   It is the process by which

organisms make more of their kind from one generation to the next

  Humans = 9 months, bacteria = 15 minutes

  Asexual = bacteria divide to reproduce, do not require a mate but offspring are identical to parent

  Sexual = 2 organisms produce offspring that have a variety of traits

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/1-OLIH023P.GIF (top image)

http://z.about.com/d/biology/1/0/_/2/eggsperm.jpg

3. Metabolism   Living organisms perform

chemical reactions in order to obtain energy to run the processes of life

  It is the sum of all chemical reactions carried out by the organism.

  hummingbird vs. sloth –  Fast vs. slow rate

  Some organisms have the ability to regulate through hibernation/dormancy

http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/590metabolism.gif

4. Homeostasis   All living organisms must

maintain a stable internal environment in order to function properly.

  Stasis = state/condition   Homeo/homo = same/

steady   Homo sapiens regulate…   Temperature, heart rate,

respiratory rate, digestive function, muscle contraction, balance, state of consciousness,etc, etc.

http://tribalglobe.com/TG/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/11971-1.jpg

5. Heredity   All living things are able to

pass on their characteristics (traits) to their offspring through genes that are passed from parent to offspring each generation.

  Genes = sets of inherited instructions for making proteins/regulating traits

  Mutations = change in the genes (DNA) which may alter the instructions –  Some are bad, but may

be good… http://bg.imim.es/~nlopez/teaching/MScBioinfo2005/GenesDisease/heredity.gifhttp://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/

VL/GG/images/mutation.gif

6. Evolution   Populations of living

organisms respond to the environment they exist in.

  This adaptation can result in changes to the species genes over time.

  Change in inherited traits of species over time is evolution.

  Species = group of gentically similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring.

  Horse…donkey….mule…. http://extra.listverse.com/amazon/evolution/

evolution_of_whales.jpg

7. Interdependence/Responsiveness   Organisms in a biological

community interact with and affect each other.

  They are dependent on one another and their environment = inter - dependent

  They grow and survive as a result of finding their niche in the community in which they exist.

http://susty.com/image/ecosystem-diagram-wedged-tailed-eagle-kookaburra-bird-rabbit-mouse-grass-snake-grasshopper-food-web-

illustration-arrows-image.gif

Is this organism alive?

Mouse Tree Virus 1.  Cells 2.  Reproduce 3.  Metabolism 4.  Homeostasis 5.  Heredity 6.  Respond/ 7.  Grow

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ifpma.org/Influenza/content/images/diagram_virus.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ifpma.org/Influenza/index.aspx%3F000_The_Influenza_Virus/001a_Influenza_Virus.html&usg=__GIpFC8TLRVS1s3MWwOWQ5NOl-

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