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1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Thomas KyteVice President, Core [email protected] Corporation http://asktom.oracle.com
Oracle9i
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Key Development Focus Areas - the ilities - for Oracle9i
AvailabilityAvailability
Scalability Scalability
SecurabliltySecurablilty
DeployabilityDeployability
ManageabilityManageability
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Availability
● Protection from Catastrophic Failures
● Online Data Evolution
● Precision Database Repair
● Self-Service Error Correction
Achieving Continuous Data Availability
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Oracle9i Data Guard
Production
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Oracle9i Data Guard
Production
PhysicalStandby
Delayed andDelayed andZero Loss ModesZero Loss Modes
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Oracle9i Data Guard
Production
Logical Standby
AdditionalIndexes, Mvs
DecisionSupportUsers
PhysicalStandby
Delayed andDelayed andZero Loss ModesZero Loss Modes
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Oracle9i Data Guard
Production
Logical Standby
AdditionalIndexes, Mvs
DecisionSupportUsers
Graceful Switchover Graceful Switchover and Switchbackand Switchback
PhysicalStandby
Delayed andDelayed andZero Loss ModesZero Loss Modes
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Online Data Evolution
● Online Table Re-definition
● Online creation of secondary indexes on Index-Organized Tables
● Rapid Quiesce
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Precision Database RepairWhen Good Blocks Go Bad...
● Minimize impact of repairs on end users
● Block Level Media Recovery
● Resumable Backup and Restore
● Non-Disruptive Cluster Reconfiguration
● Trial Recovery● Offline Diagnostics● Scavenge Changes from
Damaged Logs
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Self-Service Error Correction
● Empower app developers to correct their own mistake
● To correct errors, users need to:● Identify & Back Out Errors
● Flashback Query● Query the database at a time of
your choosing in the past
Oracle InventsTime Machine
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Self-Service Error Correction
● Empower app developers to correct their own mistake
● To correct errors, users need to:● Identify & Back Out Errors
● Flashback Query● Query the database at a time of
your choosing in the past
Oracle InventsTime Machine
QUIC
K DEMO
flashback.sql
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Scalability and Performance
● Increased transaction throughput on Oracle9i Real Application Clusters
● Fine grained, automatic resource management
● Optimize features critical for eBusinessSupport millions of
Internet Users
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Oracle9i Real Application Clusters- Linear Scalability
Shared Cache ArchitectureShared Cache Architectureusing Cache Fusionusing Cache Fusion
● Full Cache Fusion Implementation● works for read/read, read/write, write/write contention
● Any application can scale in a cluster ● Applications do not have to be cluster aware
● Linear Scalability--more nodes, more throughput
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Real Applications Clusters - Cache Fusion
Server Node2
RAM
Disk ArrayDisk Array
inter
connect
RAM
Server Node1
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Real Applications Clusters - Cache Fusion
Server Node2
RAM
Disk ArrayDisk Array
inter
connect
RAM
Server Node1
1. User One Queries Data
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Real Applications Clusters - Cache Fusion
Server Node2
RAM
Disk ArrayDisk Array
inter
connect
RAM
Server Node1
1. User One Queries Data
2. User 2 queries same data via interconnect, no disk IO
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Real Applications Clusters - Cache Fusion
Server Node2
RAM
Disk ArrayDisk Array
inter
connect
RAM
Server Node1
1. User One Queries Data
2. User 2 queries same data via interconnect, no disk IO3. User 1 updates a row of data and commits
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Real Applications Clusters - Cache Fusion
Server Node2
RAM
Disk ArrayDisk Array
inter
connect
RAM
Server Node1
1. User One Queries Data
2. User 2 queries same data via interconnect, no disk IO3. User 1 updates a row of data and commits
4. User 2 wants to updatesame block of data - cachecoherency kicks in
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Real Applications Clusters - Scalable
Server Node2
RAM
Disk ArrayDisk Array
inter
connect
RAM
Server Node1
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Real Applications Clusters - Scalable & Available...
Server Node2
RAM
Disk ArrayDisk Array
inter
connect
RAM
Server Node1
Server NodeN
RAMServer Node5
RAMServer Node4
RAMinter
connect
Server Node3
RAM
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Real Applications Clusters - Available
Server Node2
RAM
Disk ArrayDisk Array
inter
connect
RAM
Server Node1
Server NodeN
RAMServer Node5
RAMServer Node4
RAMinter
connect
Server Node3
RAM
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Fine Grained, Automatic Resource Management
● Maximum active sessions control
● Query execution time estimation
● Undo pool quotas for consumer groups
● Automatic consumer group switching
Web basedOrder Entry
Shipping
Billing
OLTP updates and large queries:High priority
OLTP updates and small queries:Medium Priority
Overnight updates and queries:High Priority but Overnight
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Optimized features
● Core performance improvements
● PL/SQL optimization and native compilation
● IO and CPU costs in the cost based optimizer
● Table Level Compression● In addition to Index
compression already in 8i
UncompressedUncompressed
<symbol table: <A>= 650-506-7000, <B>=650-506-7001, <C>=650-123-4567>
<rowid> <A> 650-123-4567
<rowid> <A> <B><rowid> <A> 650-456-7890<rowid> <A> 650-098-7654<rowid> <A> <C><rowid> <B> <C><rowid> <B> <C>…
UncompressedUncompressed<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-123-
4567 <rowid> 650-506-7000 650-506-
7001<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-456-
7890<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-098-
7654<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-123-
4567<rowid> 650-506-7001 650-123-
4567<rowid> 650-506-7001 650-123-
4567…
Uncompressed
Compressed
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Optimized features
● Core performance improvements
● PL/SQL optimization and native compilation
● IO and CPU costs in the cost based optimizer
● Table Level Compression● In addition to Index
compression already in 8i
UncompressedUncompressed
<symbol table: <A>= 650-506-7000, <B>=650-506-7001, <C>=650-123-4567>
<rowid> <A> 650-123-4567
<rowid> <A> <B><rowid> <A> 650-456-7890<rowid> <A> 650-098-7654<rowid> <A> <C><rowid> <B> <C><rowid> <B> <C>…
UncompressedUncompressed<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-123-
4567 <rowid> 650-506-7000 650-506-
7001<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-456-
7890<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-098-
7654<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-123-
4567<rowid> 650-506-7001 650-123-
4567<rowid> 650-506-7001 650-123-
4567…
Uncompressed
CompressedQUIC
K DEMO
compressed.sql
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Scalability, performance, and manageability
MaterializedMaterializedViewViewEnhancementsEnhancements
● Multi-tier MV’s (mv’s of mv’s)Multi-tier MV’s (mv’s of mv’s)● More fast refreshesMore fast refreshes● More query rewriteMore query rewriteBitmapBitmap
JoinJoinIndexesIndexes
ListListPartitioningPartitioning
create bitmap index emp_bm_idxon emp( d.dname )from emp e, dept dwhere e.deptno = d.deptno
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Security
● Virtual Private Database
● Fine Grained Auditing● with the see what they saw function
● 9iR2 New Stuff
Support End-to-End Security Infrastructure for Millions of Users
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Deep Data Protection:Virtual Private Database
Application C
Application A
Application B
Policy A
Policy C
Default Policy
OEM PolicyManager Tool
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Deep Data Protection:Fine Grained Auditing
Audit TrailWho: userWhat: select ename, sal from emp where sal < :n; :n = 5000Where: terminal xxxWhen: SCN 1234
Select ename, hiredate from emp;
Select ename, sal from emp where sal < :n;(n = 1000)
Select ename, sal from emp where sal < :n;(n = 5000)
See what they saw...
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Other 9iR2 New Stuff
● Username/Password on the CREATE DATABASE for sys/system
● Default Accounts are locked and expired upon installation
● DBA’s can GRANT/REVOKE on anothers objects
● Audit SYS and SYSDBA operations● Oracle Label Security
● Provides out-of-the-box VPD● Supports "releasability”
● Encryption● DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT● AES support in ASO
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Development Platform
● XML Support● SQL and PL/SQL improvements
● Development Tools● 9iFS
Create the most complete platform for developing eBusiness applications
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Oracle9i XMLDB
Relational TablesRelational Tables
Native XMLNative XML
Character LOBsCharacter LOBs
XML RepositoryXML RepositoryXML Schema ProcessorXML Schema Processor
DTD ProcessorDTD Processor
DOM/SAX ParsingDOM/SAX ParsingXSLT TransformationsXSLT Transformations
XSQL ServletXSQL ServletXML Java Beans/XML Java Beans/Class GeneratorsClass Generators
XML Generation/XML Generation/ConsumptionConsumption
ORACLE9i DatabaseORACLE9i Database
FTPFTP
HTTPHTTP
WebDAVWebDAV
SQL over NetSQL over NetServicesServices
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
SQL and PL/SQL improvements
● Objects● Inheritance● Type evolution● Dynamic method
dispatch
● Timestamps/ Intervals/ Timezones
● Tight LOB integration● ANSI requirements
● CASE statement● ANSI compliant joins● Reserved name
versioning● Scrolling cursors
● Insert/Update from PL/SQL Record
● Associative Arrays● User Defined
Constructors● UTL_FILE does more● Tons of new XML
functions● Create Synonyms for
Object Types● XML Views
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Oracle9i Release 2 Application Development Improvements
● Debug PL/SQL & Java in server via standard API
● Java improvements● JDK 1.3 compliance● JDBC and SQLJ functional,
performance enhancements
● Functional, performance enhancements for PL/SQL, C and C++ developers
● Note: Use Java in the database for triggers, stored procedures; not for servlets, JSPs, Beans
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Oracle Files -- Content Sharing & Collaboration
● Web interface to 9iFS for document collaboration
● Supports HTML, WebDAV, Windows file system, FTP
● Sync to upload/download files from/to PC
● Self service administration(security, groups, quotas)
● Consolidate file servers to database for lower cost
● At Oracle● 31,000+ internal Oracle users
● 3,000,000+ documents
● 1 TB storage used
● 1,000 concurrent users typical
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Manageability
● Make the database self managing
● Streamline and improve the operational management
● Provide tools and techniques that simplify and reduce the task time required
● Steams for Manageability ● Replication● Standby● And more
Keep the number of DBA’s constant as we scale to Internet Use
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Make the database self-managing
● Automatic Undo Management● database itself will manage undo segments - undo
block contention, consistent read, space utilization
● Oracle Managed Files● database itself manages the creation and deletion of
files
● Self-Tuning of Private Memory Allocation● Advice Driven Dynamic resizing of buffer cache,
shared poolBufferCache
SharedPool
PrivateMemory
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Streamline and improve operational management
● Persistent INIT.ORA (spfile)● Automated BACKUP of
configuration files● Resumable Space
Allocation Statements● Multiple Block Size Support● Restartable backups and
restores
Cool !
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
Intelligent, Unified, Time-Ordered
Information Stream
Oracle StreamsEliminates Complexity
UpdateableUpdateableReplicasReplicas
Data MartsData Martsand Dataand Data
Warehouses Warehouses
MessagingMessagingApplicationsApplications
StandbyStandbyDatabasesDatabases
DataDataChangesChanges
DatabaseDatabaseEventsEvents
DataDataFeedsFeeds
ApplicationApplication MessagesMessages
Publish/Subscribe
Propagation
Directed& Subset
InformationStreams
AutomaticCapture
In-streamTransforms
1-1Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.
&Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N S
A N S W E R SA N S W E R S
http://asktom.oracle.com/~tkyte/9iSeminar