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Copyright © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Chapter 1

Personal Effectiveness

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Learning and Personal Improvement

• Personal Effectiveness: The foundation of great management

• Learning How to Learn

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Myths of Personal Effectiveness

• Learning comes with age and experience

• We know ourselves

• Growth opportunities lie solely in our weaknesses

• It’s not me, it’s them

• The best managers are hyper-organized and workaholics

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Learning How to Learn

• Social learning theory

• Reciprocal determinism

• Modeling

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Social Learning Theory

• Perception

• Behavior

• Environment

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Four Critical Components

• Attention

• Retention

• Reproduction

• Motivation

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A Model of Self-Management

• Self-Observation/Exploration

• Self-Set Goals

• Management of Cues

• Positive Self-Talk and Rehearsal

• Self-Reward and Punishment

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Self-Set Improvement Goals

1. In committing to a goal, a person devotes attention toward goal-relevant activities

2. Goals energize people

3. Goals affect persistence

4. Goals motivate people to use their knowledge to help them attain the goal

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Self-Set Improvement Goals

• Specific

• Measurable

• Attainable

• Relevant

• Time-bound

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Putting It All into Practice

1. Know where you are currently

2. Set SMART goals for your change

3. Arrange your world so it focuses your attention and reminds you of your improvement plan and goals

4. Stay positive and rehearse the desired behaviors at every opportunity

5. Create your own rewards for accomplishing your targets

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Building Self-Awareness

• Self-awareness: The key to successful learning and growth

• Individual differences and their importance

• How do I think critically and analytically

• How well do I understand and use emotion

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Individual Differences and Their Importance

• Ability

• Personality

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How Do I Think Critically and Analytically?

• Cognitive ability

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How Well Do I Understand and Use Emotion?

• Emotional intelligence

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Key Aspects of Emotional Intelligence

• Be able to accurately identify and express yours and others feelings

• Get in the right mood

• Predict the emotional future

• Do it with feeling

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Cultural Intelligence

• CQ-Strategy

• CQ-Knowledge

• CQ-Motivation

• CQ-Behavior

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What Are My Dominant Personality Traits?

Big Five Dimensions1. Extraversion

2. Emotional stability

3. Agreeableness

4. Conscientiousness

5. Openness to experience

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What Are My Personality Preferences?

Four Major Preference Areas

1. Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I)

2. Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)

3. Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)

4. Judgment (J) or Perception (P)

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What Are My Core Values?

• Individual’s value system

• Occupational fit

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What is My Preferred Career Orientation?

• Career orientation – preference for a specific type of occupation and work context

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What is My Preferred Career Orientation?

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Career Orientations

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Important Self-Awareness Issues

• Involve others: seek regular feedback

• Focus on strengths, not just weaknesses

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The Prevalence and Dangers of Stress

• Stress – pattern of mental and physical responses to conditions of uncertainty and perceived threat

• Eustress – controlled or productive stress

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Sources of Stress

• Big Events

• Daily Hassles

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Strategies for Managing Stress

• Physical Hardiness

• Psychological Hardiness – ability to remain psychologically stable and healthy in the face of significant stress

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Psychological Hardiness• Commitment

• Control

• Challenge

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Dealing with Stress in the Moment

• Muscle relaxation

• Deep breathing

• Mood repair

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Managing Time

• First be effective, then be efficient

• Start with written goals

• Follow the 80/20 rule

• Use the time management matrix

• Learn to say no

• Make good lists for effective prioritization

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Time Management Matrix

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Three Effective Ways to Say No

1. “I’m sorry. That’s not a priority for me right now.”

2. “I have made so many commitments to others, it would be unfair to them and you if I took on anything more at this point.”

3. “No.”

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Make Good Lists for Effective Prioritization

• Plan the work, then work the plan

• Ask “What’s the next action?”

• Know yourself and your time use– Internal prime time – External prime time

• Fight procrastination

• The 2-minute rule

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Make Good Lists for Effective Prioritization

• Fight procrastination

• Swiss Cheese Method – poke small holes in an A project with instant

tasks

• Instant tasks – require 5 minutes or less of your time and

makes some sort of hole in your high priority task

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Make Good Lists for Effective Prioritization

• 2-minute rule– Any time demand that will take less than 2

minutes should be done now