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H O W T O S U R V I V E E A R T H Q U A K E S A N D T S U N A M I S I N N O R T H E R N C A L I F O R N I A

Part of the Putting Down Roots in Earthquake CountrySeries

Includes new inormation on the2011 Japan Tsunami in Caliornia


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2 Living on Shaky ground

M 6

M 5

M 7

M 8

19101900 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Wt i ?Dung n EhqukE Yu ShuD:

If yu a is, drop t over sttbl t t. Hod on t t st pt tl ts stps.

Stay cla f itms that ca fall a iju yu, sc swws, plcs t.

Stay isi. y b j b b lss llbjcts ts.

If yu a at th cast, walk t hih u w t c s s s t s s t .

If yu a ii, m yu ca s t t ltc ptt s pssbl a st t s s. St w stcts bjcts tt cl ll , sc s

bs, psss, lt psts, pw ls ts. Sts c.

If yu a i th mutais, stbl slps, alt f falli cks, ts, laslis tt cl bls b t tq.

fE n EhqukE Yu ShuD:

eve if yu a i a SnMI HZrd Zone.Wll t s s s t s s t s. d

wt cl tct. St w t cst t

cls pt t t.

hck f ijuis. d t ssl-j pslss t t .

hck f hazas sc s s, s ls, w tltls ll bjcts.

la u pttll l tl splls.

exct aftshcks. atscs llw l tqc b l .

Copyright 2011, Humboldt Earthquake EducationCenter at Humboldt State University. Reproduction bypermission only.

Disclaimer This document is intended to promoteearthquake and tsunami readiness. It is based on thebest currently available scientifc, engineering, andsociological research; ollowing its suggestions, however,does not guarantee the saety o an individual or o astructure. The writers, contributors, and sponsors o thishandbook assume no liability or death, injuries, propertydamage, or other eect o an earthquake or tsunami.

Prepared by the Humboldt Earthquake Education Centerand the Redwood Coast Tsunami Work Group (RCTWG),in cooperation with the Caliornia Earthquake Authority(CEA), Caliornia Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA),Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), CaliorniaGeological Survey (CGS), Department o Interior UnitedStates Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanographicand Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National WeatherService, with contributions rom many members o theRedwood Coast Tsunami Work Group. The Redwood CoastTsunami Work Group is a member o the Earthquake CountryAlliance, a statewide alliance o alliances linking the publicinormation eorts o organizations and individuals thatprovide earthquake inormation and services in Caliornia.

Writers Lori Dengler, Mark Hemphill-Haley, VernonFelton, Allison Monro (Humboldt State University),

and Judy Warren (American Red Cross)

Prodctio HSU Marketing & CommunicationsDesi Kristen Stegeman-GouldWeb desi Matt HodgsonPotorapy Kellie Jo Brown and Jarad Petroske

Cotribtors Yvonne Everett, Greg Craword hmboldtState uiversity; Troy Nicolini n nWS; Vicki Ozakiedwood natioal ad State Pars; Linda Nellist, JudyWarren merica ed Cross; Jim Goltz, Greg RenickCal EM; Johanna Fenton fEM; Rick Wilson, Jim FallsCgS ; Ivan Wong, Keith Knudsen uS Corporatio; EddieBernard n PME; Jay Love Deeolb; Mary LouZoback is Maaemet Soltios; Stuart NishenkoPg&E; Mark Benthien Soter Calioria EartaeCeter; Carol Prentice, Brian Atwater uSgS; RichardMcCarthy, Robert Anderson Calioria Seismic SaetyCommissio; Alan Winogradov Del norte Coty;Labecca Nessier Yro ribe; Shirley Laos riidadaceria; Dan Larkin hmboldt Coty Serisce ES; Kathy Moley Pacic Watersed ssociates;Walter Dudley uiversity o hawaii at hilo; ChrisNance, Rol Erikson Calioria Eartae tority

Special thanks to the Southern Caliornia EarthquakeCenter and members o the 1906 Earthquake CentennialAlliance or the Seven Steps to Earthquake Saety andadditional materials adapted rom the Putting DownRoots in Earthquake Countryseries.

llstrators ad Potorapers Kellie Brown (cover,p. 2, 3, 4-5, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 31), Edna Garrett courtesyPeter Palmquist collection (p.8, 11); Kevin Bayless (p. 8);Tom Lisle (p. 10); Clark Museum (p. 10); Karl Steinbrugge 1(p. 10); Stephen Mahin 1 (p. 11); Ross Boulanger (p. 11);Smith Collection Pacifc Tsunami Museum (p. 12);AP Photo/Keichi Nakane, The Yomiuri Shimbun (p. 12); Reuters (p.12); Photoduck (p.12); Jarad Petroske (p. 15),Victor Kaistrenko (p. 16); Guy Gelenbaum (p. 17); Cal EMA(p. 25); San Leandro EQ Retroft Program (p. 24); ToddConnor (p. 20, 21, 27); USGS (p. 6, 7, 9, 13, 17); RCTWG 2

(p. 15); Lori Dengler (p. 16); NOAA PMEL (p. 17); BryantAnderson (p. 17); Zeke Smith (p. 18-19); Ann Elliot Cutting(p. 26); American Red Cross (p. 29)

1 Courtesy o the National Inormation Service or Earthquake

Engineering, EERC, University o Caliornia, Berkeley

2 Evacuation map based on relative hazard maps by Jay Patton

and Lori Dengler

Dedicatio To the memory o Rol Erickson, whosetireless work promoting earthquake preparedness hasmade our generation o Caliornians saer.

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nhEn Cfn EhqukES SnCE 1900 MgnuDE 6 gE

Introduction

W at Do D o? 3

s we r e se q es ti o s 4

Earthquakes

Yo ive i Eartae Cotry 6

h is to ri c E ar t a es 8

y pe s o E ar t a es 9

E ar t a e D am a e 1 0

Tsunamis

W at is a s am i? 12

how to kow i a

sami is Comi? 14

2 00 4 d ia ce a s a mi 1 6

Seven Steps That May Save Your Lie

Before an Earthquake-PEPE

S te p 1: de t i y ha zar ds 2 0

Step 2: Create a Disaster Preparedess Pla 22S te p 3 : Pre pa re Di sa ster ki ts 2 3

Step 4: detiy & fix Weaesses 24

During an Earthquake-PEC

Step 5: Protect Yorsel Dri a Eartae 25

fter an Earthquake-ECvE

Step 6: Evacate i necessary

C e c or j ri es & D am ae 2 6

Step 7: follow Yor Eartae Pla 28

Insurance and Recovery

sri aist Eartae ad sami Damae 30

ec over i f rom a B i e 31

CttsEarthquakes o magnitude (M) 6 and larger since 1900 located inCaliornia north o Santa Rosa and in the adjacent o-shore area.


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asw Ts Qsts Beore dsstDuring an emergency youll need immediate answers to many questions. Here are some questionsyou should answer long beore a disaster strikes.

Where will my amily be and how will I reach them?

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l.

RememberPhone systems, such as land-based and cell phones,

and Internet communications may be disrupted, or overwhelmed

almost immediately. The road system may also be damaged making

it dicult or impossible to travel.

Where will I get medical help?

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cl cs.

Pl bc-p pw bs l

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RememberThe 9-1-1 system will likely be overloaded or completely

down, ambulances and emergency vehicles will be overwhelmed or

have limited access and some medical facilities may not be operational.

Am I prepared to live without the essentials?

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RememberUtilities and water supplies may be disrupted for weeks.

How will I pay or things?

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RememberATMs are likely to be out o order.

How will I repair the damage to my home?

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RememberConstruction materials and labor or repairs will be

limited and costs may increase.

Do I live, work or visit in a tsunami hazard zone?

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ct ts b l

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Rememberthere will be no time or an ocial tsunami

warning to reach you i the source o the tsunami is nearby.

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SuPPES f SEEn DYS

The Caliornia State Emergency Management Agency

recommends that you store enough ood and water

to survive on your own or a minimum o fve days.

In rural areas o Northern Caliornia, it may take

longer or assistance to reach youplan to be

on your own or a week or longer.

Who Can you reLy on t lp t sst? W wll

p wt , wt, slt cl c? y

t b sps b t sw: you and your neighbors!

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4 L i vi n g o n S ha ky gr ou n d

PrEPring for ErhqukES nD SunMiS Wi PrEPrE You for

DiSSErS inCuDing firE, WinEr SorMS, nD fooDS


4/17


PE ECnCS

I our planet were the size o an egg,

the earths outermost layer would

be about as thick as the eggshell.

This shell is broken into several

pieces called plates, which move

about as ast as your fngernails

grow. A plate boundary is where

one plate meets another. A triple

junction is an area where three

plates or plate boundaries meet.

The vast majority o the worlds

earthquakes occur at or near the

boundaries between plates. The

most seismically active plate

boundaries are collision zones

where one plate dives beneath an

adjacent plate in a process known as

subduction. Northwestern Caliornia

is located on top o one o these

zones known as the Cascadia

subduction zone.

u fuS

Faults are weak zones in the earths

crust where the rock on one side

has moved relative to the other

side. Some aults, like the San

Andreas, are vertical and the two

sides move horizontally like cars

on a reeway. Thrust aults slope

like a ramp and the rock above the

ault is pushed up and over the

rock below. The largest aults on

earth are thrust aults in subduction

zones. An earthquake is caused

when the rock miles below the

earths surace breaks along the

ault and the two sides suddenly

slip in a process called ault rupture.

The larger the rupture area, the

larger the earthquake. The rupture

begins many miles beneath the

earths surace. The epicenter is

the location on the ground surace

directly above the point where the

rupture starts.

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ls t 700 l l Csc sbct z, bl

cpbl pc t (M)9 tqs. Flts

ntst Cl sw c pst tq

t M 7 .

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ts t sc t ct t Cst rs, t Tt

alps, t mc Plt t h Csc lcs.

hw ssl ct pct

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wll lp pcsl tt.

rES of norhErn Ciforni hvE ExPEriEnCED ErhqukES

in hE PS nD Wi Do So gin in hE fuurE

CSCD SuBDuCn nE a early700-mile lo plate bodary were tegorda ad Ja de fca plates dive beeatte nort merica plate e M 91700Cascadia eartqake likely rptred early700 miles o te alt rom Cape Medocioto acover slad, Caada

CS nShE fuS a reioo alts cased by te gorda plate as it isplled beeat te nort merica plate BSn nD ngE a reio

o active alts

MDC PEu a reio oactive volcaism ad alts

MEnDCn PE JunCn te areawere te gorda, Pacic ad nort meric aplates meet; oe o te most seismicallyactive areas o te cotietal uS

Sn nDES fu SYSEM te 800-mile bodary betweete Pacic ad nort mericaplates e M 781906 eartqakerptred 250 miles o te altrom Sata Crz to Selter Cove

NORTH A MER ICA N PLATE

J UA N DE FUCA

PLA TE

GORDAPLATE

PA C I F IC PL A TE

PE MnS D hE fuS

Three plates meet on Caliornias North Coast at the Mendocino triple junction. To the

north o the triple junction, the Gorda plate is pulled to the northeast beneath the North

American plate at a ew inches per year. To the south o the triple junction, the Pacifc plate

grinds to the northwest past the North American plate at a similar speed.

mt #1 vest i beacrot property i nevada ad rizoaDespite Hollywood special eects, Caliornia will not all into the ocean. Earthquakesactually help keep the land above sea level. I it werent or the uplit associated with them,all o the continental land mass es would have been leveled to sea level long ago. The 1992

Cape Mendocino earthquake uplited a 15-mile stretch o coast about our eet.


5/17


Notable earthquakes

January 26, 1700 Cascadia subduction zone M 9tq

pt Cp mc t vc islbs

nt ac l nt ac l st .

Jps cts scb s t s tss

cts t s t Pcc.

April 18, 1906 San Andreas ault M 7.8 tq pt

St C t Slt C, t lst nt Cl

tq t pst 200 s. ot cll t S Fcsc

tq, t cs j t cstl cts s

t s hblt ws lt tt t stt.

June 6, 1932 Gorda plate ault M 6.4 tq ct

act cs s t hblt B

ll w e w c b

bl cllps .

December 21, 1954 Coastal onshore ault M 6.5 tq

lct btw Bl L Wllw C cs

t hblt B ll kbl.

November 8, 1980 Gorda plate ault M 7.2 tq lct

s T cs w pss t cllps,

ssl j sx ppl t b. $2 ll

ppt ; lt e, o t S Fcsc

wst n.

hW Bg S Bg?

Magnitude is one way to measure the size o a

earthquake. Each unit o magnitude correspond

to about 32 times more energy released. An M

earthquake releases 32 times more energy than a

M 6, and about 1000 times more than M 5. Both th

area aected by the earthquake and how long th

shaking lasts increase with magnitude. An M 4 w

be elt only close to the epicenter and will last

ew seconds. An M 7will be elt by people hundred

o miles away and last 20 seconds or longer.

Intensity is another way to estimate earthquak

size. It measures how strongly the groun

shakes in a particular location. I you e

an earthquake, you can help determine th

intensity by reporting your observations a

eartaessov/eceter/dy

W etqs h occ t Pst, T Wll hpp a

The Size, LoCaTion w t tqs cc

ct wt t xpct t t. Sc t -

1800s, l 40 tqs M 6 l cc

Cl t St rs jct s s.

nt ll tqs tt ct nt Cl

ct . gt tqs l t 1964 M 9.2 als

tq t tss tt c t cst.

Tps etqsOshore earthquakesmore Than TWo-ThirdS l stc tqs

b lct s lts wt t g plt

l t mc lt. Fttl ts

tqs b t s t cs .

hw 17 w cls t t cst t c w

cs bls. F s tqs

M 7 l, ts ws b ss.

Onshore earthquakes

T st nt Cl tqs t

pst ct w cs b lts s. etqs s

sll s M 5 c cs t cls t pplt

s. T lts tt t tt

cpbl pc tqs t M 7 .

ECEn EhqukES Dn E hE WhE SY

The frst seismographs were installed in Caliornia just over 100 years ago and

written records only go back as ar as the mid-1800s. For evidence o earlier

earthquakes, scientists look or geologic clues such as surace ault rupture

and tsunami deposits, oral history o native peoples and written records rom

distant areas that were aected by a Northern Caliornia-generated tsunami.

The study o ancient earthquakes is called paleoseismology.

mt #2Small Eartqakes Prevet Bi es

rom happei

Small earthquakes release very little energy compare

to large ones. To equal the release o energy o a

M 9 earthquake, we would need about 2000 M

earthquakes every year or 500 years! This is mo

than fve moderate earthquakes every day.

April 26-27, 1992 Mendocino triple junction area M 7.2, 6.7,

6.6 tqs cs s js, lsls,

j t bls st hblt Ct.

T sc tq cs tt st Scts

bsss stct. Cstl plt pc sll ts

tt ws c s w s hw. $66 ll

; lt st o t Sls r.

September 21, 1993 Basin and Range ault Tw M 6

tqs ct klt Flls st o

t 1,000 bls. Tw ppl , $7.5

ll ; lt tt St o

nt Cl.

September 1, 1994 Mendocino ault M 7 ct 90 ls

s Cp mc. n ; lt Sto t S Fcsc cs tll bls t

sw Sct. a t-c ts ws c

Csct Ct.

January 9, 2010 Gorda plate ault M 6.5 ct 30 ls

s e. T tq cs bt $20 ll

t stcts e ws lt e,

o t st t S Fcsc B a.

Bricks rom the same building ell during the April 1992

earthquake. The building has now been replaced by a

wooden structure.

Northern Caliornia earthquakes between 1970 and 2009

Ferndale ater the 1906 earthquake.

The Big One the Cascadia subduction zoneT wls lst lts ssct wt sbct

s pc tqs t M9 ! T l

t tq t Csc sbct z cc

1700, lttl 300 s . glsts

c t lst 13 t Csc tqs

t pst 7,000 s stt t cc l

t tls w btw 200 800 s. T

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tt st t 2004 i oc ts. it cl c

st s nt Cl t st

C lst ts l. it wll ls p

ts tt cl ct t l cst, bt t

cts tt t Pcc bs.


6/17


damage in earThQuakeS s l t s. hw

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tq t, t stc w t tq

sc, t tt tp lt t, t tp

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stct cl slt t , t w

c. T cts t w t pl t s tt

wll c lsss. F t w c

pp ps 18-25.

Hazardous material releases

Chemicals, pesticides and other hazardous materials can be released

when industrial plants, laboratories and other acilities are damaged in

an earthquake. Oil was released when these tanks ailed during the 1983

M 6.5Coalinga earthquake.

Landslides

Earthquakes can trigger landslides that damage roads, buildings, pipelines and other inrastructure.

Northern Caliornia has steep slopes underlain by loose rock that is highly susceptible to landslides.

Landslides may temporarily dam rivers and cause a destructive ood hazard when the rivers break

through. The Navarro River in this photo was temporarily dammed by a landslide in 1995.

Destructive Fires

Earthquakes and tsunamis are oten ollowed by fres because gas lines

may break, electrical shorts cause sparks, damaged water tanks and

broken pipes limit water or fre fghting, and damaged roads prevent

fre fghter access. The 1964 tsunami caused this fre in Crescent City that

burned or three days.

Damaged inrastructure

Earthquakes oten damage roads, which can hinder rescue and recovery

eorts and may cause accidents. Ruptured pipelines result in water loss

and can cause sinkholes that undermine roads and buildings. Damage

to gas and electrical systems can cause fres, as well as major service

outages. This Highway 101 overpass south o Eureka collapsed in the

November 1980 M 7.2 earthquake.

Liqueaction

Strong ground shaking can cause loose soil and fll to behave like a

liquid. Liquefed ground loses its strength causing slumps and ractures

that can disrupt roads, and cause buried gas and water lines to break.

This hazard is greatest in saturated low-lying areas o loose, sandy

soils or poorly compacted fll. The photo was taken shortly ater the

1906 earthquake and shows liqueaction-caused slope ailures on the

banks o the Eel River.

Dam ailures

Earthquake shaking and ault rupture can cause dams to ail, potentially

causing catastrophic downstream ooding, reduced water supply and

contamination. This photo shows the ailure o the Shihkang Dam, the

largest concrete gravity dam in Taiwan, caused by the 1999 M 7.6Chi

Chi, Taiwan earthquake.

Surace rupture

Fault movements can break the ground surace, damaging buildings and

other structures and breaking pipe lines. This track at a high school in

Taiwan was deormed when a thrust ault ruptured the ground in 1999.

mst etq d sCs b S...

Earthquakes also cause damage in other ways

mt #3e grod Will Crack pe ad Swallow Yo up

The opening o great, yawning chasms that may swallow houses and

people only occurs in fction. Though some fssures may be produced

on earthquake-triggered landslides, the earths pressure is too great

to allow ground cracks associated with aulting to open up.


7/17


Tss st cl cs b tqs, bt

ls b t b lsls, sb lcc

pts , l, t pcts.

n tw tss l. Sts t l l slp

ts wt t ts t s s l

f, sll c wt bs.

L tss c ts 20 t 50 t l

t cst , slt s, . T st

ts s s t t st. i nt Cl,

t lst s cc s t t tl w.

it s t sl ts ss t lst 12 s,

s css c l. it s t s t ppc t

cst tl cls pt t t.

T t btw w ss ts

t . it s t pssbl t pct w

ss w c t wll lps btw ws.

T s t tst s t bc lw-l

cstl s. ol l cstl s s ts

ll t ptt t t tw ls l.

ot t st s ts s sl lw

c wt, xps t s f. Ts ww

lws s tt t wt wll s bc stl.

nt ll tss pc b wt lws

l s tt ts w

s b ss, ct t cst tl

t wt t s t wt pll bc.

Wt s TSunami?A tsunami (soo-nah-me) is a series o waves or surges that is most otencaused by earthquake ault movement beneath the sea oor.

TSunamiS Can CauSe t lss l ppt cstl s. v l tss c

cs t cstl s tss ls w t tqk tt cs t.

Tt- tss b c t nt Cl cst sc 1933. mst w

sll, bt cs . T st ws cs b ts t b t M 9.2 1964

als tq. it f 29 blcks Csct Cts wtt, bs pt clts

s st s St Cz, cs 12 ts Cl.

1946hW The tsunami surge approaching

Coconut Island in Hilo, Hawaii looked like a

sloping mountain o water.

2011JPn In Kesennuma, cars and other

debris were swept away by tsunami waves.

2004hnD When the water rushed in, it

looked like a river in food.

2004hnD In Phuket, the tsunami began as

a withdrawal o the ocean water that exposed

hundreds o eet o the sea foor.

1 Gravity pulls the oshore Gorda and Juan de Fuca platesbeneath the North American Plate. Most o the time the

two plates are frmly stuck together along the bou ndary

(red zone).

2 Over time, the North American plate is squeezed andbulges up as the Gorda plate slowly moves beneath it.

3 Eventually the stuck area can no longer resist thesqueezing and breaks along the boundary, causing a

large earthquake. Like a spring, the overriding North

American Plate jumps upward and seaward, liting the

water above it. A tsunami is born.

4 The water bulge divides and sends waves both easttowards the coast and west into the Pacifc. The frst

waves reach nearby shores only minutes ater the

earthquake. The other set o waves may still be large

enough to damage distant coastal areas many hours later.

Tsunami Facts

HOW TSUNAMIS ARE FORMED

NORTHAMERICANPLATE

GordaPlatestuck

slowdistortion

Tsunamiwaves spread

Earthquake starts tsunami

Stuck area ruptures,releasing energy

in an earthquake


8/17


Ferndale

Trinidad

McKinleyville

Manila

Samoa

Fairhaven

KingSalmon

FieldsLanding

Loleta

Ferndale

Ftua

ValleyWest

cata

euka

2 mi

Natural Warnings

ground Shaking, l c , t wt c

sll xps t s f ll ts ws

tt ts b c. i bs ts

w ss, tl wl t l . a

ts wt ts ss

ll t cc t lst 12 s pssbl l. St

w cstl s tl cls pt t t.

Ofcial Warnings

y b t tt Ts W s b ss

Tv, stts, -t- ctct b c

sps, noaa wt s, s css, b

t ss cts pls. m

w t bc s t without using

a phone. T t lcl tls stts

t. Fllw t cts c psl

w s t ct lw-l cstl s.

nur nD of fiCi WrningS rE EquY iMPorn

rESPonD o WhiChEvEr You hEr or oBSErvE firS!

hw Wll i kw Ts s C?You may fnd out that a tsunami is coming in two ways:

i t bc l tq, tt

w sll, l t tl.

i t lw-l s, COUNTw l t tq

lsts. i ct 20 scs s

lct ts z z, ct s

s s t s s t s.

GO ON FOOT. rs bs b b

st s. a w pw lss

t c w t t . i

ct s pssbl, t t pp f st

bl clb tbt l s lst st.

How Do I Know i an Earthquake is Big Enough to Cause a Tsunami?

mt #4 sami is a Srers ultimate

Bi Wave

TSUNAMIS ARE NOT SURFABLE. I

youre a surer, you know how little

control you have i your board is in

whitewater. A tsunami has no ace, so

theres nothing or a surboard to grip.

The water isnt clean, but is flled with

everything dredged up rom the sea

oor and the land the wave runs over,

including garbage, parking meters,

pieces o buildings, and dead animals.

You cant dive beneath the wave because

the entire water column is in motion,

not just the top ew eet. You cant exit

the wave either, because the trough

behind may be 100 or more miles away,

and all that water is moving towards

you. Big-wave riders should save their

talentsand their livesor big waves

that are generated by large storms.

ffC WnngS fM SunM Wnng CEnES

Tsunami warning systems detect earthquakes large enough to cause a

tsunami and send warning b ulletins beore the waves arrive so that local

authorities can evacuate vulnerable populations. The United States

operates two tsunami warning centers: the Pacifc Tsunami Warning

Center in Hawaii covers Hawaii, the U.S. Pacifc territories, and provides

guidance to many other countries. The West Coast Alaska Tsunami

Warning Center (WCATWC) has the responsibility o warning Canada

and the rest o the United States, including Caliornia. WCATWC has

access to tide gauges, deep ocean water level sensors and a globalnetwork o seismographs that can locate and estimate the size o large

earthquakes anywhere in the Pacifc basin in less than 15 minutes.

Tsunami warnings are most eective when the tsunami source is more

than 1000 miles away such as Alaska, Japan, or Chile. I the earthquake

is located on a local ault such as the Cascadia subduction zone, there is

too little time or WCATWC to get a warning to you. Ground shaking th at

lasts a long time or other natural warning signs will be your only warning.

Know what areas are hazardous and immediately head to high ground or

inland away rom the coast.

Based on earthquake size and location, the WCATWC will issue bulletins

corresponding to the relative tsunami threat:

sami Wari: A signifcant tsunami is considered imminent

the frst waves are expected within three hours or less. I you hear

that a Warning has been issued, leave the beach or harbor areas

and get more inormation. Follow the instructions o local ofcials

about what areas need to be evacuated.

sami Watc: A tsunami may have been generated but the threatis uncertain and the frst wave arrival is at least three hours away.

Stay alert or more inormation. A Watch may be upgraded to a

Warning as more inormation becomes available.

sami dvisory: No signifcant ooding is expected but vulnerable

harbor areas like Crescent City may be damaged by strong water

currents. Authorities may request you to leave beaches and harbors.

sami ormatio Statemet: There is no tsunami risk. The

bulletin is issued or inormation purposes only. Relaxno action

is needed. For more inormation, visit wcatwcaroaaov

What i I am Outside the Map Area?

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i ct t ts , s s

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c c.

Don hED oWrDS hE CoS if You hvE hErD h

SunMi Wrning hS BEEn iSSuED You will put yoursel in danger andmake it more difcult or the people who need to evacuate.

SM, CResidents practice tsunami

evacuation in an annual drill.

Ts ect mpsAll o Caliornias coast is being mapped or tsunami hazards. Contact yourcounty Ofce o Emergency Services to see what inormation is available

or your area. The map below is an example rom Humboldt County.

SunM ECun E

Humboldt Bay Region

hW uSE hS MP

Locate where you live, work and play. I you are in

the yellow area, evacuate by oot immediately

ater eeling a large earthquake. Use this map to

guide you to the grey sae areas. I you are in a

grey zone, stay where you are you are not atrisk o a tsunami.

Evacuation maps are for emergency

planning and response and are not

intended for any other purposes. They are

based on the best, currently available data

and are subject to change and updates.


9/17


10/17

SEP 1DEnfY hDS

1 Know whether you live, work or play in atsunami hazard zone.

2 Hang plants in lightweight pots withclosed hooks, well secured to a joist orstud and ar away rom windows.

3 Store fre extinguisher (type ABC) in easilyaccessible location.

4 Install strong latches on kitchen cabinets.

5 Use exible connections where gas linesmeet appliances.

6 Remove or lock rerigerator wheels,secure to studs.

7 Keep several ashlights in easilyaccessible places around the house.

8 Secure valuable electronics items such ascomputers and televisions.

9 Keep breakables in low or secure cabinetswith latches.

J Move heavy plants and other large itemsto oor or low shelves.

K Hang mirrors and pictures on closed hooks.

L Secure ree-standing woodstove orfreplace insert.

M Keep heavy unstable objects away romdoors and exit routes.

N Place bed away rom windows or itemsthat may all.

O Secure knickknacks and other smallvaluables with museum putty.

P Brace overhead light fxtures.

Q Place only light weight/sot items over bed.

R Secure top-heavy urniture to studs.

S Keep wrench or turn-o tool in waterproo wrap near gas meter.

T Know the location o your main electricalswitch (use box or circuit breaker).

Secure water heater with metal strapsattached to studs.

Trim hazardous tree limbs.

SEP 2CEE Pn

Have your emergency plan accessibleand discuss with all amily members.

SEP 3PEPE DSSE kS

Obtain a NOAA Weather Radio withthe Public Alert eature to notiy you tsunamis and other hazards.

Keep an emergency backpack with copieo important documents near the door tgrab and go.

Keep ashlight, slippers and gloves neto beds.

Keep gas tank at least hal ull.

Store emergency ood and water supplie

in a dry accessible area. Include frst aidextra cash, portable radio, extra batteriemedications and other necessary suppli

SEP 4SEnghEn Yu hME

Use anchor bolts every 4 to 6 eet tosecure home to oundation.

Reinorce brick chimneys.

1

2

3

4

6

5

7

7

8 8

J

9 L N

M

KO

QP

R

S

T

S Stps Tt m S y L

18 Living on Shak y ground

Start Here!

BEfE n EhqukE SunMPEPE

1. Identiy hazards (see illustration below and page 20)

2. Create a disaster preparedness plan (page 22)

3. Prepare disaster kits (page 23)

4. Identiy weaknesses (page 24)

Dung hE EhqukEPEC

5. Protect yoursel during an earthquake (page 26)

fE hE EhqukEECE

6. Evacuate i necessarycheck or injuries anddamage (page 27)

7. Follow your plan (page 28)

earThQuakeS and TSunam iS tbl bt t

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t b, , t. T s stps tt llw

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vst earthquakecountry.org stcts scs.

hiy SGGSionS o m yo hom hq SfConnect these actions with their locations in the house below.


11/17


HngIng obeS

Place only sot art above beds and soas.

Hang mirrors and pictures on closed hooks.

Brace overhead light fxtures.

obeS on open SHeveS nd beopS

Hold small valuables in place with removable putty,museum wax, or quake gel.

Add lips to shelves to prevent costly items rom sliding.

Move heavy objects and breakables to lower shelves.

FrnIre

Store heavy and breakable items onlower shelves.

Secure tall urniture to wall studswith lag bolts.

Wer nd gS pIpeS

Evaluate, replace and properly secure rustedor worn pipes.

Replace rigid gas connections with exiblestainless steel gas connections.

Wer HeerS

Anchor to wall studs or masonry withmetal straps and lag screws.

Install exible (corrugated) copperwater connectors.

grgeS nd II rooMS

Move ammable or hazardous materialto low cabinets that are securely latched.

Ensure that items stored above or besidevehicle cannot all.

KIHenS

Install strong latches on cabinet doors.

Secure rerigerators and major appliances.

HoMe nd oFFIe eeronIS

Secure televisions, computers, sound systemsand other electronics with exible nylonstraps and buckles.

Wood SoveS

Anchor stove eet by bolting to oor or creatingbrick and mortar bracing to keep stove rom sliding.Note: anchors must not conduct heat.

Brace stove pipes.

bove grond propne nKS

Propane tanks can be anchored by mountingthe tank on a continuous concrete pad andbolting the our legs to the pad.

START NOW by determining i you live,

work or play in a tsunami hazard zone

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identify Potential earthquake and tSunami hzdS nd bGin o fix hm

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t, cl w-t stcts, s lbl t earthquakecountry.org

lcl ac r Css c.

START NOW by identiying items that may all, topple, or slide. Se cure potentiallyhazardous and valuable items.


12/17


C diSS PPdnSS Pln PP diSS SPPly iSStep

pn noW o be SFe drIng n erHqKe

q Practice DROP, COVER, and HOLD ON (see step 5 , page 26).

q Identiy sae spots in every room, such as under sturdy desksand tables.

q Learn how to protect yoursel no matter where you are whenan earthquake strikes.

pln noW o reSpond Fer n erHqKe or SnMI

q Get a fre extinguisher or your home and learn how to use it properly.

q Teach everyone in your household to use emergency whistles andto knock three times repeatedly i trapped.

q Identiy amily members or neighbors with special needs such asmedications, special diets and wheelchairs.

q Take a Red Cross First Aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) class or reresher course.

q Know the location o utility shut-os and keep needed toolsnearby. Only turn o the gas i you smell or hear leaking gas.Only the gas company should turn the gas back on.

q Install smoke alarms and check them monthly. Change batteriesonce a year or whenever you hear a chirping sound.

q Work with your neighbors to identiy people who have skills andresources useul in an emergency.

q Know the tsunami hazard zones in your commu nity and how to getto sae areas.

q Recognize the atral wari sis o a tsunamigroundshaking, water receding unusually ar, and/or a loud roar romthe oceanand make sure everyone in your amily knows toimmediately evacuate i they are in a hazard zone.

q Know how you may be notifed i a tsunami warning is issued.

Consider a NOAA Weather Radio with the Public Alert eature iyou live or work in a tsunami hazard zone.

q I a tsunami warning is issued, get o the beach and tune in to yourradio or television or urther instructions on what to do.

q Is there a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) in your area? Inot, go to citizecorpsov/cert and fnd out how to start one.

pn noW o oMMnIe nd reover Fer nerHqKe or SnMI

q Select a sae place outside o your home to meet your amily orhousemates ater the shaking stops.

q Identiy an out-o-the area contact person to call who can relayinormation to other riends and amily.

q Provide all amily members with a current list o importantcontact telephone numbers.

q Determine where you might stay i your home cannot be occupiedater an earthquake or tsunami.

q Ask about your childrens school or day care emergency responseplans. Keep emergency release inormation cu rrent.

q Talk to your insurance agent about your coverage or earthquakeand tsunami losses.

q Make copies o important documents such as identifcation, deeds,insurance policies and fnancial records in a secure, waterproocontainer. Include a household inventory o your belongings.

WiLL everyone in sl w wt t

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plan wt c ps wll b, t.

Ater the shaking stops or the waves recede, power, utilities,

communication systems and roads may be out, res and

chemical spills may occur, or you may be separated rom

children, pets and other amily members. B pl w,

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everyone ShouLd have psl sst sppl ts.

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home, t car, t t t work.

perSon/oFFIe dISSer Spp KI

q Medications, prescription list, copies o medical cards, doc torsnames and contact inormation

q Medical consent orms or dependents and copies o personalidentifcation

q First aid kit and handbook

q Non-latex gloves, dust masks

q Spare eyeglasses or contactlenses and cleaning solution

q Whistle (to alert rescuers toyour location)

q Sturdy shoes, change o clothes,blanket

q Emergency cash ( ATMs requirepower and might not work)

q Local road maps

q List o emergency out-o-area contact phone nu mbers

q Bottled water, snack oods high in water and calories

q Flashlight with extra batteries and light bulbs

q Comort items such as games, crayons, writing materials,stued animals

q Toiletries and personal care supplies

q Extra keys or car, home, ofce, sae deposit box etc.

HoSeHold dISSer Spply KISpplies or at least seve days

Store in an easily-accessible location, preerably outdoors, in a largewatertight, easily-moved container. Replace perishable items likewater, ood, medications and batteries on a yearly basis.

q Water (minimum one gallon a day or each person and pet)

q Wrenches or other special tools to turn o gas and water supplies

q Work gloves and protective goggles

q Heavy duty plastic bags or waste, and to serve as tarps, rainponchos, etc. Include duct tape.

q Portable or hand-cranked radio with extra batteries

q Additional ashlights or light sticks

q Canned and packaged ood

q Charcoal or propane or outdoor cooking and matches i needed

q Cooking utensils and a manual can opener

q Pet ood, pet carrier and restraints

q Comortable, warm clothing including extra socks

q Blankets and/or sleeping bags, and perhaps a tentq Copies o vital documents (deeds, insurance, bank accounts etc.)

r dISSer Spp KI

Decide what items in your personal kit are absolute necessitiesand add:

q An additional 6-pack o water

q Tire repair kit, booster/jumper cables, pump and ares, whitedistress ag or silver space blanket

q Seasonal supplies: winter (blanket, hat, mittens, shovel, sand,chains, windshield scraper); summer (sunscreen and hat)

Tp space blaet not

only keeps you warm

and dry, its reective

surace can be used to

signal or help.

Store your items in grab-and-go backpacks or small

due bags so you can take them with you i you need to

evacuate. You could be stranded at work or in your ofce;

keep a change o clothes and extra medicines there as well.

Keep a ashlight and a pair o sturdy shoes

secured to each persons bed.


13/17


SPEC CnSDEnSChilde

Earthquakes and tsunamis may be traumatic events or all o us. Theyare especially rightening or children who may not understand suchevents and eel anxious and conused. Ater an earthquake, a childears reoccurrence and injuries, and b eing separated rom other amilymembers. Seeing a parent or other adult become rightened adds to achilds anxiety. Repeated atershocks can increase these ears. You canhelp to alleviate your childs ears beore the next earthquake.

Talk with children about what might happen during an earthquake ortsunami. Let them ask questions.

Involve children in reducing hazards, putting together an earthquakekit and in developing an earthquake plan. Include emergencyinormation in your childs back pack. Practice amily eart hquake drills.

AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE

Keep the amily together.

Reassure children.

Encourage children to talk or draw pictures about their experience.

Include children in earthquake cleanup and saety activitieswhenever possible and age appropriate.

Take particular care at bedtime. Children may have difcultysleeping, may wake up requently and/or have nightmares or weeksor months aterwards. Allowing a child to share a room with anotherchild or parents may alleviate these ears.

Fgile, Eldely d Disbled

Persons with any special considerations need to take extra precautions

Realistically assess your own special needs and those o amilymembers and write them down. Include medications and specialequipment such as ventilators and oxygen tanks.

Keep medications, duplicate prescriptions, glasses and any specialequipment in a sae place where they can be easily reached.

Keep a notebook, pencils, a whistle and ashlight in several locationi you have difculty in communicating.

Include supplies or seeing eye, hearing, or companion dogs.

DURING AND AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE

I you are in a wheelchair, lock the wheels o the chair once you arin a sae and protected position.

I unable to move saely and quickly, stay where you are, even in beand cover your head and body with your arms, pillows and blanket

Use your whistle to call or help and signal others i you need it.

To fnd out more about how children and adults react to emergencand how you can help, contact your local mental health departme

Pets d LiestcDont orget your pets in your earthquake and tsunami plan.

Include extra pet ood and medications in your disaster kits.

Consider implanting your pet with an identifcation microchip sothat i you and your pet are separated, you can be easily reunited.

Many emergency shelters dont allow pets. Prepare a list o amily,riends and other locations that could shelter your pets in anemergency. Emergency preparedness is particularly importantor livestock owners because o their ood and shelter needs anddifculties in transporting large or numerous animals.

Make sure every animal has durable and visible identifcation.

Identiy alternate water and power sources. A generator with asaely-stored supply o uel may be essential i you have electricalequipment necessary to the well being o your animals.

I you use heat lamps or other electrical machinery, make sure thewiring is sae and that any heat source is clear o ammable debris

More tips or livestock owners at: ssor/ss_eld/ss_disasterceter/resorces/disaster_preparedess_or_livestocktml

Pier and post or post and beam oundations

consist o wooden posts on isolated concreteootings, which support the entire structure.

Many homes in rural Northern Caliornia

use this oundation system. This type is

particularly vulnerable to the strong side-

to-side shaking rom earthquakes. There

is no question that the best oundation to

resist earthquake shaking is a continuous

perimeter oundation, but or many Northern

Caliornia residents, the cost o installing such

a oundation is prohibitive.

It is possible, however, to strengthen your pier

and post oundation at relatively low cost.The bracing system pictured here will increase

resistance to lateral orces or your home. The

bracing should be installed around the perimeter

o the structure and, at a minimum, every second

line o interior posts. This type o strengt hening

should be considered adequate or short term

stabilization until you are able to install a

permanent, concrete, perimeter system.

Find out more at eartaecotryor

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Tsunamis

Does your community:

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idnify Ponil WnSSS nd bGin o fix hm


14/17


vC if nCSSy ChC fo injiS nd dmG

PoC yoSlf dinG n hq doP, Cov, nd hold on

IndoorS

Drop, cover, and hold on

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do noT go ouTSide WhiLe The ground iS Shaking!

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EVACUATE i you are in a TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE

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you are. you are noT aT riSk oF a TSunami. ucss

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ppl w ll t t w .

Once you are in a sae area, CHECK FOR INJURIES

AND DAMAGE

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mt #5e riale o ie is te Best Way to Protect Yorsel

side a Bildi

NOT TRUE. The best survival method inside a building is to drop,

cover ad old o The triangle o lie advocates that you get next

to a large object rather than crouch beneath a desk or table. This

will expose you to lacerations and crushing injuries rom alling

objects and debris. Many reputable scientifc, government and relie

organizations have examined the triangle o lie and are unanimous

in recommending that you drop, cover and hold on. Find out more at

eartqakecotryor/dropcoveroldo

T ps stps cctt tt t xt tq ts.

Wt sl wl t s s?

Tp how will ow i a eartae isbi eo to case a tsami?

Get into the habit o COUNTING how long the earthquake

lasts. I you count 20 seconds or more o shaking and are in a

tsunami hazard zone, evacuate to a sae area as soon as you can

saely walk. Even i you arent in a tsunami zone, counting is a

good ideait will help to keep you calm.


15/17


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C clt jct

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sc t

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sppls (ps, bttls, bb ), sppls

ll sbl pss

Do not take to a shelter:

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st b t)

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vlbls tt t b lst, stl, t p spc

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t ils hsls P. Ts p

cl -p cs ts, tl ssstc /

tp s.

F t b stema.gov/about/process.

Whn Sf, Conin o folloW yodiSS PPdnSS Pln

Tsunamis

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t t.

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ws s t t st.

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lst 10 s l.

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s tl ct cstl s.

be In oMMnIIon

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stcts wt t .

Earthquakes

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s s ts b . Slts

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t pt tt sst pl t

sppls z sst ts.

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s t s ls.

n s cp st, s lt t, s

ccl ll, s t s.

be In oMMnIIon us ptbl, c, noaa Wt r

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tt s bcst st t.

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wt sw pls sps.

d t t t p cts tt

stt lss.

The frst weeks ater the earthquake...

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l, l, ts bc .

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c (s stp 2, p 22).

Tp Joi a Commity Emerecyespose eam (CE)

CERT programs will educate you about the hazards in your

area and will train you in basic disaster response skills. Contact

your local American Red Cross Ofce to fnd out about CERT

teams in your area or go to citizecorpov/cert


16/17


Earthquake insurance

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wc s l p clclt.

Tsunami Flood Insurance

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lts, psts, pls, ps t sppt ssts

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is ast etq Ts d Cl rc F B o

Resilient inrastructure

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t bc slt. Ct slc ps

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sst ts b wll lp ptct l

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ct st t l c. Sts

pst ssts sw tt t t cc c s

stctt sstl clts l s, bs,

sptls s t lls tt sppl wt,

pw, s, ccts. T t s

t stct, t slw t c. Bl slt

stct qs pblc-pt ptsps l-

t pspct t lt blt t . y

c lp b ltt pblc cls w tt ssc st s

pt st b cl l-t pl

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ct stts.

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cl sct. T cttl t s bs lt

cts pblc cls w wc ts

ptt t .

i ppl t t s w, t wll w

plt b t pt t slt ct.

Small business recovery

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spt cs b j ssts. m sll bsss

w pt s sll s pt

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earthquakecountry.org/roots.

mt #6homeowers srace Will Cover y Damae to My home

or Belois Cased by a Eartae or sami

Most residential property insurance policies do not cover earthquake

or tsunami damage. A separate earthquake insurance policy is one

way to protect your home and the investments you have made inpersonal belongings. The National Flood Insurance program is the

only organization that oers policies to cover ood damages related

to storms or tsunamis. Investigate your options careully to ensure

that your assets are sufciently protected.

Tp Dont orget your eartqake ad tsamireadiess we yo are traveli or o oliday Thirty-nine

Americans died in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, most o

whom were on vacation in Thailand and Sri Lanka.


17/17

Living on Shaky Groundmboldted/sayrod

Earthquake Country Allianceeartaecotryor

US Geological Survey Earthquake Preparednesseartaessov/leari/preparedess

NOAA Tsunami Preparednesstsamioaaov/preparetml

Beore a eartae or tsami PEPE

1 detiy azards (p 20) Identify items that may fall, topple or slide Secure potentially hazardous and valuable items

Determine if you live, work or play in a tsunami

hazard zone

2 Create a disaster preparedess pla (p 22) Practice Drop, Cover, and Hold On drills

Collect critical supplies

Choose a meeting place and an out-of-area contact

Recognize the natural and ofcial warnings of a

tsunami and know how to respond

3 Prepare srvival its (p 23) Create kits for home, work and car Be prepared to be isolated for at least a week

4 detiy weaesses (p 24) Identify weaknesses in your building and x them

Contact your local government and nd out what

tsunami plans are in your community

Dri te eartae PEC

5 Protect yorsel dri a eartae (p 26) DroP to the foor TakE CovEr under a sturdy table or desk HoLD on until the shaking stops

ter te eartae ECE

6 Evacate i ecessary, cec or ijriesad damae (p 27) If you are in a tsunami hazard zone, immediately

WALK to higher ground or inland away rom coast Check for injuries and damage

7 follow yor pla (p 28) If you evacuated coastal areasstay away untilocials permit you to return

Be in communicationuse your radio for info

Expect aftershockssome may be large enough

to do additional damage

MPn nfMn

Out-o-Area Contact Name ________________________________________________________________________ Phone______________________________

Email __________________________________________________________________________________________ Phone______________________________Neighborhood Meeting Place _______________________________________________________________________ Phone______________________________

Regional Meeting Place ____________________________________________________________________________ Phone______________________________

Doctor/Ofce ___________________________________________ Account No. ______________________________Phone______________________________

Medical Insurance ________________________________________ Policy No. ________________________________Phone______________________________

Pharmacist ______________________________________________ Account No. ______________________________Phone______________________________

Rx No. _________________________________________________ Rx No. ___________________________________Rx No. _____________________________

Home/Rental Insurance ___________________________________ Policy No. ________________________________Phone______________________________

Veterinarian/Kennel ______________________________________ Account No. ______________________________Phone______________________________

h E S E E n S E P SF O R E A R T H Q U A K E & T S U N A M I S A F E T Y

ear o tis pae ad pt it o yor rerierator,blleti board or oter promiet place Maecopies or oter amily members

WEB RESOURCES FOR

FURTHER INFORMATION

myazardscalemacaov

Call the hEEC Eartae hotlie or a daily recording o earthquake activity locally and around the globe: (707) 826-6020

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