09 Poisoning, Bites & Stings, Med Cond_Tan

7/23/2019 09 Poisoning, Bites & Stings, Med Cond_Tan

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The presentation slides contain herein are proprietary to the St. John

Ambulance, Singapore and are for use only in the FIRST AID training courses

conducted by St. John. Reproduction in any form prohibited. NT FR SA!"

St. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION SINGAPORE FIRST AID TEACHING SLIDES Compiled by T. !. !HOO "#$%$&


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#$ %ISNS AFF"&T T#" 'D(#$ %ISNS AFF"&T T#" 'D(

A poison )to*in+ is a substance hich if ta-en orA poison )to*in+ is a substance hich if ta-en or

absorbed into the body in sufficient uantity canabsorbed into the body in sufficient uantity cancause temporary or permanent damage. ncecause temporary or permanent damage. ncethere, they may enter the bloodstream and bethere, they may enter the bloodstream and becarried siftly to all organs and tissues.carried siftly to all organs and tissues.

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%oisons can be/%oisons can be/Salloed )ingested+.Salloed )ingested+.

Absorbed through the s-in.Absorbed through the s-in.

Inhaled.Inhaled.Splashed in the eye.Splashed in the eye.

In0ected through s-in.In0ected through s-in.

SJAA Poisoning, Bites & Stings, Medical Conditions


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S$A!!$"D %ISNSS$A!!$"D %ISNS

RecognitionRecognition

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Depending on hatDepending on hathas been salloed,has been salloed,there may be/there may be/

1omiting, sometimes1omiting, sometimes

bloodstained,bloodstained,later diarrhoea.later diarrhoea.

&ramping abdominal&ramping abdominalpains.pains.

%ain or burning sensation.%ain or burning sensation.

"mpty container in 2icinity."mpty container in 2icinity.Impaired consciousness.Impaired consciousness.

Sei3ures.Sei3ures.



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S$A!!$"D %ISNSS$A!!$"D %ISNScont4dcont4d

TreatmentTreatment

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If conscious, as- casualty hat has beenIf conscious, as- casualty hat has beensalloed, ho much, hen.salloed, ho much, hen.

&all 556 for ambulance.&all 556 for ambulance.

7onitor 2ital signs8 -eep 2omitus.7onitor 2ital signs8 -eep 2omitus.If lips are burnt gi2e sips ofIf lips are burnt gi2e sips ofcold mil- or ater.cold mil- or ater.

Do notDo notinduce 2omiting.induce 2omiting.

If unconscious, do 9A'&:If unconscious, do 9A'&:chec- and perform &%R if needed.chec- and perform &%R if needed.

%rotect yourself ith face%rotect yourself ith faceshield or poc-et mas-.shield or poc-et mas-.



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DR;< %ISNIN


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ANI7A! AND #;7AN 'IT"SANI7A! AND #;7AN 'IT"S

'ites from sharp teeth cause deep punctured'ites from sharp teeth cause deep punctured

ounds and carry infection, ris- of rabies orounds and carry infection, ris- of rabies ortetanus. A human bite has a ris-, though small, oftetanus. A human bite has a ris-, though small, ofhepatitis or #I1>AIDS 2irus infection.hepatitis or #I1>AIDS 2irus infection.

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TreatmentTreatment

$ash the ound thoroughly$ash the ound thoroughlyith soap and ater toith soap and ater tominimise ris- of infection.minimise ris- of infection.

Raise and support the ound8Raise and support the ound8pat dry ith gau3e sabs.pat dry ith gau3e sabs.

&o2er the ound ith sterile&o2er the ound ith steriledressing.dressing.

Send casualty to hospital.Send casualty to hospital.



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ANI7A! AND #;7AN 'IT"SANI7A! AND #;7AN 'IT"Scont4dcont4d

TreatmentTreatment

If ound is deep, control bleeding byIf ound is deep, control bleeding byapplying direct pressure and ele2ation.applying direct pressure and ele2ation.

&o2er the ound ith sterile dressing and&o2er the ound ith sterile dressing andbandage firmly.bandage firmly.

Treat for shoc-.Treat for shoc-.




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INS"&T STIN


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INS"&T STIN


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SNA" 'IT"SNA" 'IT"


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A pair of punctured mar-s.A pair of punctured mar-s.

Se2ere pain, redness, selling.Se2ere pain, redness, selling.

Nausea, 2omiting.Nausea, 2omiting.

Disturbed 2ision.Disturbed 2ision.

Increased sali2ation and seating.Increased sali2ation and seating.

!aboured breathing8 may!aboured breathing8 maystop altogether.stop altogether.



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SNA" 'IT"SNA" 'IT" cont4d.cont4d.

TreatmentTreatment

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!et casualty lie don ith head and!et casualty lie don ith head andshoulders raised8 reassure him.shoulders raised8 reassure him.

Tell him to -eep calm and be still.Tell him to -eep calm and be still.


Apply a pressureApply a pressurebandage o2er the bite.bandage o2er the bite.



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SNA" 'IT"SNA" 'IT"cont4d.cont4d.

TreatmentTreatment

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Apply another pressureApply another pressurebandage from the bite up the limb.bandage from the bite up the limb.

Immobilise the limb.Immobilise the limb.

If he becomes unconscious, do 9A'&:If he becomes unconscious, do 9A'&:chec- and perform &%R if needed.chec- and perform &%R if needed.


Do not apply aDo not apply a

tourniuet, slash thetourniuet, slash theound or try to suc-ound or try to suc-out the 2enom.out the 2enom.


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STIN


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DIA'"T"S 7"!!IT;SDIA'"T"S 7"!!IT;S

A chronic condition in hich the body fails toA chronic condition in hich the body fails to

produce sufficient insulin to regulate the bloodproduce sufficient insulin to regulate the bloodsugar le2el.sugar le2el.

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#yperglycaemia )high blood sugar+#yperglycaemia )high blood sugar+

RecognitionRecognition$arm dry s-in.$arm dry s-in.

Rapid pulse and breathing.Rapid pulse and breathing.

Seet breath8 e*cessi2e thirst.Seet breath8 e*cessi2e thirst.

Dro3iness, leading toDro3iness, leading tounconsciousness.unconsciousness.



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DIA'"T"S 7"!!IT;SDIA'"T"S 7"!!IT;S cont4d.cont4d.

#ypoglycaemia#ypoglycaemia )'lood sugar le2el belo normal+)'lood sugar le2el belo normal+

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RecognitionRecognition#istory of diabetes.#istory of diabetes.

$ea-ness, faintness, hunger.$ea-ness, faintness, hunger.

&onfusion, irrational beha2iour.&onfusion, irrational beha2iour.Seating8 cold, clammy s-in.Seating8 cold, clammy s-in.

Rapid pulse8 palpitations, muscle tremors.Rapid pulse8 palpitations, muscle tremors.

Deteriorating le2el of response.Deteriorating le2el of response.

Diabetic identification, glucose gel,Diabetic identification, glucose gel,medication.medication.



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DIA'"T"S 7"!!IT;SDIA'"T"S 7"!!IT;S cont4d.cont4d.

TreatmentTreatment

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#elp casualty to ta-e his on#elp casualty to ta-e his onglucose gel or gi2e seetglucose gel or gi2e seetfood or drin-.food or drin-.

If he responds uic-ly,If he responds uic-ly,gi2e more until he feels better.gi2e more until he feels better.

7onitor until completely reco2ered.7onitor until completely reco2ered.

If he does not respond or hyperglycaemia isIf he does not respond or hyperglycaemia issuspected call 556 for ambulance.suspected call 556 for ambulance.

7onitor 2ital signs.7onitor 2ital signs.

If he becomes unconscious,If he becomes unconscious,do :A'&: chec-.do :A'&: chec-.



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ANA%#(!A&TI& S#&ANA%#(!A&TI& S#&This is a se2ere allergic reaction affecting the hole body andThis is a se2ere allergic reaction affecting the hole body andde2elops ithin seconds or minutes of contact ith a trigger. Thede2elops ithin seconds or minutes of contact ith a trigger. The

casualty needs emergency treatment ith an in0ection of adrenalinecasualty needs emergency treatment ith an in0ection of adrenaline)epinephrine+.)epinephrine+.

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RecognitionRecognitionFeatures of allergy/Features of allergy/

Red itchy rash or raised areas of s-in.Red itchy rash or raised areas of s-in.

Red itchy, atery eyes.Red itchy, atery eyes.

Selling of hands, feet, face.Selling of hands, feet, face.

Abdominal pain, 2omiting and diarrhoea.Abdominal pain, 2omiting and diarrhoea.



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ANA%#(!A&TI& S#&ANA%#(!A&TI& S#& cont4d.cont4d.


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Difficulty breathing, tight chest orDifficulty breathing, tight chest orhee3ing and gasping for air.hee3ing and gasping for air.

%ale or flushed face.%ale or flushed face.

Selling of tongue, throat8 puffinessSelling of tongue, throat8 puffinessaround the eyes.around the eyes.

Feeling of terror8 confusion and agitation.Feeling of terror8 confusion and agitation.

Signs of Cshoc-4 leading to collapse.Signs of Cshoc-4 leading to collapse.



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ANA%#(!A&TI& S#&ANA%#(!A&TI& S#& cont4d.cont4d.

TreatmentTreatment

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If casualty has an auto=in0ectorIf casualty has an auto=in0ectorof adrenaline help him use it.of adrenaline help him use it.

If he is unable to do it and you areIf he is unable to do it and you aretrained in using auto=in0ector, you may do it.trained in using auto=in0ector, you may do it.

If he is pale ith ea- pulse let him lie donIf he is pale ith ea- pulse let him lie donith legs raised, otherise let him sit up.ith legs raised, otherise let him sit up.

7onitor and record 2ital signs.7onitor and record 2ital signs.

If he becomes unconscious doIf he becomes unconscious do9A'&: chec-.9A'&: chec-.



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09 Poisoning, Bites & Stings, Med Cond_Tan