Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
9 / 4 /
......................................................................................................................1141
..............................................................................................................................1141
.............................................................................................1142
.....................................................................................1146
......................................................................................................................1149
............................................................................1150
....................................................................................................1150
....................................................................................1151
.........................................................................................................1152
.........................................................1152
...............................................................................................................1154
...................................................................1154
........................................................................................1159
)(
A.....................................................................1159
)
(
A................................................................1159
B.............................................................................................1160
B.........................................................................................1164
..........................................................................................1166
................................................................................................................................1166
1141 /
9 /
A
B
. 2
.
.
4 /
/1142
A B C D
E
:
HAV) A (
HBV) B (
D) HDV (
HCV) C (
NANB
HEV) E (
NANB
.
)EBV(
)CMV(
B
. . .
Q
. . .
)
(
)
(
)
.(
A
45-15
B 80-30
C 50-15
E
60-15
D
B
.
. . .
"
"
)
HBsAg = B (
1143 /
9 /
B
15
"
B "
80
.
""
"Infection" ) (
"Disease") (
""
""
.
A
B
B
.
1
12
1
3
.
84%
4-3
50 %
5
20 %
24-3
.
.
A
5/0
.
A
B
.
.
A
.
B
.
A
B
A
.
95 %
HBsAg
.
1 %
5 %
HBsAg
12-6
HBsAg
.
A
B
.
10-5
B
HBsAg
.
. 1-2/0
6%
7%
7
15-2
.
.
4 /
/1144
.
HBeAg
HBsAg
6
.
HBsAg
HBsAg
B
HBsAg
.
B
B
IgM anti-HBc
HBsAg
.
B
90
)
(
10
.
90
B
.
D
B
.
HBsAg
.
RNA
HBsAg
HDV
HBsAg
HbsAg
.
C
80-70
.
85-75 %
3-2
B
.
C
.
C
.
C
35
.
E
.
1145 /
9 /
10-8
.
E
.
6
.
A
25-20
.
E
)(
18%
4%
21 %
11 %
.
)
(
B
D
D
202 %
E
.
8
12-8
.
75 %
B
60-30
.
40-30
HBV
B
A
1-0
. C
HBV
Cofactor
.
.
CMV
.
A
E
HBV
HCV
HDV
.
4 /
/1146
.
B
5 %
HBV
.
HCV
.
B
350
HBV
40
60
.
HBV
25
80-70
.
HBV
.
B
.
50
.
90
B
.
HBV
.
.
HBeAg
80
90
B
.
)Immune Tolerance (
HBV-DNA
Immune clearance) (
.
HBV
B
.
A
.
.
1147 /
9 /
.
2012
A
4/1
.
90
25
95
35
IgG
A
.
A
.
B
600
.
.
B
3-2
B
7/1
5
) 1391 (
18
.
250000
6/3
6/1
HBsAg
. 37
HBcAb
40
3-2
.
HBV
50
HBsAg
.
1389
53 %
HBsAg
3/19
(p<0.001) .
4 /
/1148
HBsAg
.
HBsAg
3/16 %
)2 (%
.
)
2/17 % 13(%
)6/18 %
4/11 %
.(
84
HBcAb
51
HBsAg
. 72
HBcAb
46
HBsAg
.
HBV
.
D
15
HBV
.
.
B
B
.
14 %3 %
HBsAg
50
.
C
C
350
.
.
2012
)15(%
)8/4 (%
)2/3 (%
.
) 1391 (
.
B
3/0
)
4
2/2
4/1
(
10
HCV
.
HCV
5/1
1149 /
9 /
2/0
.
C
)
(
.
2
21 %
HCV
.
15 %
.
Anti-HCV
80 %
.
: 479
199
)5/41 (%
280
)8/58 (%
.
132
)5/27 %anti-HCV (
5
HIV
6
HBsAg
. 8/61
HCV
1/38 %
.
E
2012
20
E
3
70
.
10
35
)Sporadic (
E
.
70-1369
.
2
.
A
.
10-5
.
B
C
D
.
4 /
/1150
E
1955
)
(
1369
.
A
IgG
.
90 %
20 %
.
.
A
.
B
.
C
E
E
.
)pune (
5
40-30
.
4-1
5
15-5
13
20
5/1
)
( 95 %
40-15
6/0)
38 % 62 (%
.
A
.
1151 /
9 /
B
.
.
C
40-20
.
40 %
.
A
.
B
. HBsAb
90-80
B
.
HBsAb
HBcAb
HBeAb
.
HBV
.
B
.
C
.
E
.
E
20 %
.
39-15
4 /
/1152
.
A
24 %
18 %
11
4 %
2 %
B
.
C
B
E
A
.
.
A
.
A
.
: 1
2
3
)
(
4
5
HAAb
6
7
.
4-2
40
.
A
HAV RNA
1153 /
9 /
.
.
B
.
.
)Woodchucks(
.
B
.
.
.
B
:
1
)
(
2
3
4
)
(
5
B
C
.
C
.
C
10-5
.
Packed cell
.
C
B
4 /
/1154
.
C
C
)
(
1046
C
7
C
HIV
.
AIDS
anti-HCV
(PCR) HCV RNA.
E
23
5
E
.
E
.
A
.
A
.
A
.
.
.
A
)Enteric (
A
1155 /
9 /
.
.
.
A
) 1391
(
.
HAV
A
A
.
A
.
.
B
.
B
:
.
.
4 /
/1156
B
.
C ,B ,A
D
.
C
100 %
.
)
1181
.(
.
E
E
.
.
.
.
1157 /
9 /
.
B
: 1
5
20 %
2
3
95 %
4
.
40 %
C
.
.
B
)
( Lamivudine
)
(
16
40 %
.
C
149
87
3/0
6/1
.
E
.
:
B C
D
A E
: 1
2
3
A
4
4 /
/1158
.
E
) Point Epidemic(
. . .
.
.
.
E
:
E
E
)(
E
.
:
A
.
.
1159 /
9 /
)(
A
)Killed (
A
.
90 %
.
A
.
1
2
.
A
A
A
.
.
1
.
)
(
A
A
.
.
80 %
.
.
90-80 %
.
06/0-02/0
/
.
)
(
.
4 /
/1160
.
A
.
.
B
B
HBsAg
.
.
.
.
.
1 -
B
Anti-HBs
95 >
99 192)
(
95 2920
90 3930
85 4940
70 5950
50 > 59 >
7050
HIV
7060
) Hepatavax-B (
10
2
.
1161 /
9 /
.
100-90
.
60
70-50
.
1
.
B
:
.
.
15
HBsAb
HBsAg
.
anti-HBS
mIU/ml10
.
1
HBsAg
B
HBsAg
.
2
HBsAb
.
B
.
.
AIDS
.
1
2
4 /
/1162
3
HBsAg
B
.
HBsAg
B
.
B
B
.
B
.
60 %
HBsAb
B
.
B
95%
40
90 %
60
65 %
.
1
12 %
2
2 %
3
.
: 1
2
3
Recombivax-HB
+HBsAg
.
.
10
HBsAg
Engerix-B
20
HBsAg
.
:
1163 /
9 /
Recombivax-HB
1
25/0
10
2
5/0
HBsAg
1910
3
1
19
4
1
.
Engerix-B
1
10
5/0
2
1
3
2
) 1 2 6
.(
Anti-HBs
.
B
.
.
.) 1 2 6
12 (
.
.
9
B
.
B
92 %
100 % 12-3
.
98 %
Engerix-HB
5/78
)
85 % 72 (%
4 /
/1164
95 %
.
6/69
1/66
3
4
.
B
1 (
(ISG)
B
HBIG
.
2 (
B (HBIG)
HBIG
.
6
B
.
HBIG
HBsAg+
B
.
24
14
.
ISG
A
HBIG
HBsAb
B
.
HBIG
1 (
B
: -
HBsAg
. -
HBsAg
. 2 (
HBsAg+
HBeAg+
: -
. 3 (
B
HBsAg
HBeAg
.
24
06/0
/
1165 /
9 /
.
24
5/0
.
HBIG
1 (
HBsAg
HBsAb
2 (
B
3 (
.
B
B
HBsAg
.
.
5/0
B
HBsAg
.
B
48
.
B
.
B
B
.
HBsAg
5/0
HBIG
B
1
6
.
2
B
BCG
BCG
B
B 2
4
4 /
/1166
B 6
MMR 12
18
MMR 64
HBsAb
.
3/94
B
HBsAb
.
HBsAg+
15-9
HBsAb
HBsAg
HBsAb
HBsAg
.
HBsAg
.
HBsAg
.
HBsAg
HBeAg
.
HBsAg
.
B
HBsAg
HBsAg
HBsAg
.
.
1. Dienstag JL. Acute Viral Hepatitis, In: Kasper, Longo, Fauci, Kasper, Hauser, Jam3eson, Loscalzo. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine; 18th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2012. pp. 2537-66.
2. WHO, Hepatitis C, Fact sheet N°164, July 2012, World Health Organization, [02/02/2013], Available on: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/index.html
3. Curry MP, Chopra s. Acute Viral Hepatitis. In: Mandell LM, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 7th edition, Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier, USA. 2010. pp. 1577-92.
4. WHO, Hepatitis A, Fact sheet N°328, July 2012, World Health Organization, [02/02/2013],
1167 /
9 /
Available on: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/index.html
5. WHO, Hepatitis B, Fact sheet N°204, July 2012, World Health Organization, [02/02/2013], Available on: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/index.html
6. WHO, Hepatitis E, Fact sheet N°280, Revised July 2012, World Health Organization, [02/02/2013], Available on: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs280/en/index.html
7. Don Ganem, and Alfred M. Prince, Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Natural History and Clinical Consequences, N Engl. J Med. 2004;350:1118-29.
8. Jay H. Hoofnagle, Karen L. Lindsay; Acute Viral Hepatitis in: Goldman, Ausiello, Cecil Textbook of Medicine, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 22nd edition, 2004, pp. 911-23.
9. Favorov MO; Kosoy MY; Tsarev SA; Childs JE: Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis E Virus among Rodents in the United States, J Infect Dis 2000 , Feb;181(2), pp. 449-455 .
10. Behrman, Kliegman, Jenson: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 17th edition, 2004.
11. Arie J. Zucherman, Howard C. Thomas; Viral Hepatitis, second edition, Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
12. Paul D. Hoeprich, M. Golin Jordan, Infectious Diseases, 5th edition, Lippencott Company, 1994 .
13. Annemarie Broderick, Maureen M. Jonas, Hepatitis B and D Viruses, In: Feigin, Cherry, Demmler, Kaplan, Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 5th edition, 2004, pp. 1863-83.
14. Horiike-N; Fujisawa-T; Michitaka-K; Tada-K; Masumoto-T; Iuchi-H; Kojima-N; Onji-M: The effectiveness of interferon therapy on occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C. Oncol-Rep. 1998; 5(5): 1171-74.
15. Marsano-LS; Pena-LR: The interaction of alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C, Hepatogastroenterology. 1998; 45(20): 331-39.
16. Sheila Sherlock; Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System; 10th edition, Blackmell Science, 1997
17. Hepatitis C; Weekly Epidemiological Record, WHO, 7 March 1997.
18. Expanded Program on Immunization; Lack of evidence that hepatitis B vaccine causes multiple sclerosis, Weekly Epidemiological Record, No. 21, 23 May 1997, pp 149-156 .
19. The 50th anniversary of WHO; Weekly Epidemiological Record, WHO, 15 May 1998, No, 20 pp 145-152.
20. David L. Heymann (edit.) Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, An Official report of the American Public Health Association; 18th edition, 2004.
21. Kenneth C. Hyams, Risks of Chronicity Following Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection; Clinical Infectious Diseases 1995;20:992-1000 .
22. J. E. Park; Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 20th edition, 2009 .
23. Prevention of Food borne Hepatitis A; WHO, Weekly Epidemiological Record, No.5, 1993 .
4 /
/1168
24. Purdy-MA; Mc. Causthand-KA; Preliminary evidence that a trp-E-HEV fusion protein protects .../ J - Med - Virol. 41, Sep. 1993.
25. David Zakim, Tomas D. Beyer; Hepatology, second edition, 1990 .
26. Committee on Infectious Diseases; Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection; Pediatrics, Fol. 75, No.2, 1985 . 27. Arlene A. Mc Lean; Development of Vaccines Against Hepatitis A & B Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 8, August 1986 .
28. Hatami H. Salehi M, Sanei E, Khosravi S, Alavian SM. Intra-familial Transmission of Hepatitis B virus Infection in Zahedan (South-eastern Iran), 4TH International Tehran Hepatitis Congress, Tehran, Iran, 2011, pp. 121.
29. Hatami H, Salehi M, Sanei E, Khosravi S, Alavian SM. Intra-familial Transmission of Hepatitis B virus Infection in Zahedan. Iran Red Cres Med J. 2013:15(1). DOI:10.5812/ircmj.2282
30
1374
1375
.
31
;
:
HBsAg
/
1367
2625.
32
:
B
/
/
1376
110108.
33
;
;
:
B
B
/
1376
397395 0
34
:
B
1377
1378
13051303.
35
;
:
1376.
36
:
A
140
1377
1378
14051403 0
37
:
E
)
(
9
1371
3123.
1169 /
9 /
38
;
;
;
;
:
13731367
12
1375
124.
39
:
E
1370
4
01378
40 -
:
)
:
;
;
(
1379.
41
:
B
1
1382
53-48
42
:
B
1382.
43
:
1382
617-580.
44
;
;
:
1376
200
183.
45
:
Anti-HCV
1376
1377.
46
:
3
1370.
47
:
HCV
1378
1378.
48
:
B
4 )249241 .(
1371.
49
;
;
:
HCV
1375)
557.(
This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.daneprairie.com.The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only.
