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Program Structure
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Basic TermsCharacter
Word
Block
Program
These are the basic building bocks to creating a
program for a CNC system.
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Character
Is the smallest unit of a CNC program
Digit
These are regular numbers that can range from 0-9
Letter
The 26 letters of the alphabet make up this section. Only
certain letters are accepted
within a code. For example the letters X and Y for
coordinates
Symbol
These consist of the decimal and minus sign as well as other
various symbols.
Combined into Alpha-numerical Program input
All of these characters are combined into your program and are
used to pass
instructions to the machine.
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Word
Combination of characters
Creates single instruction
Will indicate
Axis
Speed
Feedrate
And more
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Block
Multiple instruction
Multiple instructions can be created within blocks. This means
that you are giving
various commands within one line of code. Each line is
considered a block.
A line of code will be considered a block
Composed of words or characters
Using a return at the end of a line will end the block and start
a new one
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Program
Begins with a program number
Typically a program will have some sort of identifier or
identification of its number.
May begin with a start code as well and a header of additional
information.
Contains blocks of instruction
Blocks of code are created within the program to be run in
sequence. A word
address is used in order to identify a specific register within
the control memory.
(tells who is receiving the instruction)
Ends with a stop code or termination symbol
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Format
CNC code will follow a Word Address Format
This is a combination of a single letter and one or more
digits
This arrange creates the word
The address portion refers to the how the control memory
registers the specific
words.
The letter must be written first and define the meaning of the
word
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Some Examples of Common Words
G01 Preparatory command
M30 Miscellaneous function
D25 Offset number selection - mills
N105 Sequence number (block number)
Y0 Coordinate word
T05 Tool function
T0505 Tool function
F12 Feed rate function
S2500 Spindle sped function
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Sample Code to be created
