08-2005

> fun for you

The evolution of beverages

and chocolate

> better for you

> good for you

08-2005

Sugar is

• the fuel for the brain and the nerves

• the basis for cognitive performance

08-2005

Sugar protects cells from

•Apoptosis

•Radicals (reactive oxygen species / ROS)

08-2005

Sugar protects healthy cells, but also cancer cells from apoptosis and radicals!

08-2005

Aerobic glycolysis by proliferating cells: a protective strategy against reactive oxygen species

Brand and Hermfisse, 1997; The FASEB Journal

Sugar metabolism protects from radicals!

08-2005

Sugar metabolism inhibits aging cancer cells, but also slows down aging of humans !Absence of TKTL1 sugar metabolism shortens life span of humans!

08-2005

Inhibition of apoptosis in nerve cells by sugar metabolism

Inhibition of radical / ROS production

Sugar protects nerve cells from apoptosis even when the amyloid beta plaques are already present

Sugar metabolism protect nerve cells from Alzheimer‘s disease !

08-2005

s

The newly discovered sugar metabolism not yet present in text books explains the protective role of sugar

08-2005

Janus-faced character of sugar

Role in healthy cells:

prevents and neutralizes radicals

fast glucose degradation

protection from glucose- associated cell-damages / advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in endothelial cellsnerves retina

Role in cancer cells:

energy realease without oxygen degradation of

surrounding matrix

invasion and metastasis

resistence towards radio and

chemotherapy

08-2005

Sugar is the fuel for the evolution of the human brain

> from Neandertals to Homo sapiens

08-2005

Science Mai 2010

08-2005

08-2005

Dig Dis Sci. 2013 Jul;58(7):2061-7. doi: 10.1007/s10620-013-2591-3. Epub 2013 Feb 20.

Prediabetes is associated with a high-risk colorectal adenoma.Cha JM, Lee JI, Joo KR, Shin HP, Jeun JW, Lim JU.

prediabetes and pre-cancer

08-2005

Diabetologia. 2010 Sep;53(9):1867-76. doi: 10.1007/s00125-010-1796-7.

Diabetes, prediabetes and cancer mortality

Zhou XH, Qiao Q, Zethelius B, Pyörälä K, Söderberg S, Pajak A, Stehouwer CD, Heine RJ, Jousilahti P, Ruotolo G, Nilsson PM, Calori G, Tuomilehto J; DECODE Study Group.

Diabetes and prediabetes were associated with an increased risk of cancer death.

Mortality from cancers rose linearly with increasing glucose concentrations.

prediabetes / diabetes and cancer

08-2005

s

glycemic load and colon cancer

08-2005

s

glycemic index and breast cancer

08-2005

N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 8;369(6):540-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1215740.

Glucose levels and risk of dementia.Crane PK, Walker R, Hubbard RA, Li G, Nathan DM, Zheng H, Haneuse S, Craft S, Montine TJ, Kahn SE, McCormick W, McCurry SM, Bowen JD, Larson EB.SourceDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. pcrane@uw.edu

higher glucose levels are a risk factor for dementia, even among persons without diabetes.

blood glucose level and dementia / Alzheimer

08-2005

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08-2005

Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;93(2):374-81.

Galactose promotes fat mobilization in obese lactating and nonlactating women

Mohammad MA, Sunehag AL, Rodriguez LA, Haymond MW.Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA.

healthy sugars and fat burning

08-2005

Neuropharmacology. 2014 Feb;77:68-80. Long-term oral galactose treatment prevents cognitive deficits in male Wistar rats treated intracerebroventricularly with streptozotocin.Salkovic-Petrisic M1, Osmanovic-Barilar J2, Knezovic A2, Hoyer S3, Mosetter K4, Reutter W5.AbstractBasic and clinical research has demonstrated that dementia of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) type is associated with dysfunction of the insulin-receptor (IR) system followed by decreased glucose transport via glucose transporter GLUT4 and decreased glucose metabolism in brain cells. An alternative source of energy is d-galactose (the C-4-epimer of d-glucose) which is transported into the brain by insulin-independent GLUT3 transporter where it might be metabolized to glucose via the Leloir pathway. …Beneficial effect of oral galactose was independent of the rat age and of the galactose dose ranging from 100 to 300 mg/kg/day. …Oral galactose exposure might have beneficial effects on learning and memory ability and could be worth investigating for improvement of cognitive deficits associated with glucose hypometabolism in AD.

08-2005

Z Stomatol. 1989 Jun;86(4):179-89.

Anticaries effectiveness of D(+)-galactose

Lembke A, Pause B.

1.5% galactose prevents caries significantly and strongly reduces the amount of film

The effect is based on the property of galactose to occupy the receptors of the pellicle (layer of glycoprotein on the tooth enamel)

healthy sugars and tooth protection

08-2005

Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002 Aug;24(4):225-34. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00141.x.

Removal and prevention of dental plaque with d-tagatose.Lu Y, Levin GV.

SourceSpherix Incorporated (formerly Biospherics Inc.), 12051 Indian Creek Court, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.

Thus, d-tagatose has the potential for preventing and removing plaque development and for altering the subgingival microbiota. These effective qualities offer conservative control of gingival and periodontal disease.

healthy sugars and tooth protection

08-2005

Nutr Res. 2010 Dec;30(12):801-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.09.007.Dietary supplementation with d-tagatose in subjects with type 2 diabetes leads to weight loss and raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Donner TW1, Magder LS, Zarbalian K.

AbstractOral d-tagatose (d-tag) attenuates the rise in plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and reduces food intake in healthy human subjects. A reduction in food consumption and less weight gain occur in rats fed tagatose. This pilot study explored the metabolic effects of d-tag given daily to 8 human subjects with type 2 DM for 1 year. We hypothesized that this treatment period would lead to weight loss and improvements in glycated hemoglobin and the lipid profile. A 2-month run-in period was followed by a 12-month treatment period when 15 g of oral d-tag was taken 3 times daily with food. No serious adverse effects were seen during the 12-month treatment period. Ten of the initially 12 recruited subjects experienced gastrointestinal side effects that tended to be mild and transient. When 3 subjects were excluded who had oral diabetes, medications added and/or dosages increased during the study and mean (SD) body weight declined from 108.4 (9.0) to 103.3 (7.3) kg (P = .001). Glycated hemoglobin fell nonsignificantly from 10.6% ± 1.9% to 9.6% ± 2.3% (P = .08). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol progressively rose from a baseline level of 30.5 ± 15.8 to 41.7 ± 12.1 mg/dL at month 12 in the 6 subjects who did not have lipid-modifying medications added during the study (P < .001). Significant improvements in body weight and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in this pilot study suggest that d-tag may be a potentially useful adjunct in the management of patients with type 2 DM.

08-2005

s

healthy sugars increase muscular performance

08-2005

Use of healthy sugars

galactose, isomaltulose, tagatose, trehalose

for beverages and chocolate

08-2005

Natural and digestible

Fuel for constant energy

Low glycemic index

Tooth friendly

Inducing fat burning

08-2005

Healthy sugars for the prevention of:

Diabetes

Alzheimer

Cancer

Metabolic syndrome

Overweight

08-2005

Patent Refreshing beverage

08-2005

Summary

08-2005

08-2005

Patent chocolate mass

08-2005

Summary

08-2005

Coca-Cola : vitaminwater

3% sugar (Fruktose, Saccharose)

Stevia

Citric acid--------------------------------------Claims:

Calorie restricted

Coy beverages

2.5% sugar (Galactose, Isomaltulose, Trehalose,Tagatose)

Stevia

Gluconic acid---------------------------------------Claims:

Calorie restricted Low sugarTooth friendlyLow glycemic indexInducing fat burning Protection of neurons / brain