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Plastics Design Library Ch. 11: Data

171

Figure 11.28 Nylon moisture content as a function of time

for three different thicknesses of molded nylon (Zytel) partswhile immersed in water and at 50% relative humidity.[9]

(Courtesy of DuPont.)

Figure 11.29 Water absorption of a variety of materials

when immersed in water for 24 hours. [40] (Courtesy ofHoechst Celanese.) This figure (see Fig. 7.6) is reproduced

here for the readers convenience.

Notes:

Delrin (Fig. 11.26) absorbs relatively little water[17] when compared with some other resins such as nylon (Fig

11.28).[9] Nylon swells with the absorption of water. Moisture absorption can cause a nylon part to become larger

than the mold from which the part was made. Figure 11.27 shows nylon water absorption as high as 9% by weight.[40]

Delrin, on the other hand, absorbs less than 1% water by weight.

Figure 11.29 shows the percent water absorption of a variety of materials when immersed in water for 24 hours.

PPS is not hygroscopic; therefore moisture has little effect on it. The only moisture absorption appears to be wicking

along exposed fibers.[40]

11.4 Moisture Absorption Curves

Figure 11.26 Rate of water absorption at various conditions

of humidity for Delrin.[17] (Courtesy of DuPont.)

Figure 11.27 Change in dimensions with moisture contentfor Zytel 101 in the stress-free (annealed) condition.[35]

(Courtesy of DuPont.) This figure (Fig. 7.12) is reproduced

here for the readers convenience.

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Ch. 11: Data Plastics Design Library

172

11.5 Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) Curves

Subject to the conditions discussed in Ch. 4, PVT curves can give a close approximation of the volumetric

shrinkage of a plastic, molded part. These curves give no indication of actual linear shrinkage because they do not

account for molecular or fiber orientation, nor do they account in any way for physical restraints such as ribs, walls,

or cores that may restrict shrinkage while the part is still in the mold. The point at which the gate freezes and the

holding pressure becomes ineffective is difficult to determine with exactitude. Nevertheless, a PVT curve gives a

great deal of insight into the shrinkage behavior of the plastic.

Most of the curves shown herein are presented in a 2D format. This format is generally easier to use. The 3D

curves presented give a graphic picture of the effects of pressure, volume, and temperature on a given plastic, espe-

cially semicrystalline plastics, but are more difficult to use in predicting plastic shrinkage.

The PVT curves shown here are given as a representation of a huge database that is available from various

plastic suppliers. GE has PVT curves for over 500 different plastic materials. This type of data must be requested

from the supplier for the particular material you wish to mold.

Tait equation variables are given for each material.

Figure 11.30 A 3D PVT curve for the GE Cycolac T grade unfilled ABS amorphous plastic (same material as shown in Fig.

11.31). (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Figure 11.31 A 2D PVT curve for GE CycolacT grade unfilled ABS amorphous plastic (same material as shown in Fig. 11.30).(Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

ABS

Model Tait

B1s 1.000504e-003

B2s 3.421291e-007

B3s 1.864395e+008

B4s 3.713166e-003

B1m 1.001071e-003

B2m 6.360780e-007

B3m 1.622039e+008

B4m 4.899814e-003

B5 3.707949e+002

B6 1.693548e-007

B7 0.000000e+000

B8 0.000000e+000

B9 0.000000e+000

Max Temp 296.6

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174

Figure 11.32 A PVT curve for GE Lexan141, an unfilled polycarbonate. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

Lexan 141

Model Tait

B1s 8.53E-04

B2s 1.46E-07

B3s 3.02E+08

B4s 1.75E-03

B1m 8.53E-04

B2m 5.53E-07

B3m 1.82E+08

B4m 3.80E-03

B5 4.14E+02

B6 3.31E-07

B7 0.00E+00

B8 0.00E+00

B9 0.00E+00

MaxTemp 341.7

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175

Figure 11.33 A PVT curve for GE Lexan BPL 1000. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

Lexan BPL 1000

Model Tait

B1s 8.526294e-004

B2s 2.181890e-007

B3s 2.239172e+008

B4s 2.556589e-003

B1m 8.545314e-004

B2m 5.565791e-007

B3m 1.366174e+008

B4m 3.576731e-003

B5 3.811843e+002

B6 4.333508e-007

B7 0.000000e+000

B8 0.000000e+000

B9 0.000000e+000

MaxTemp 286.5

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176

Figure 11.34 A PVT curve for GE Lexan 500R, a 10% glass-filled polycarbonate. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

Lexan 500R

Model Tait

B1s 8.036041e-004

B2s 1.538086e-007

B3s 2.874069e+008

B4s 1.479154e-003

B1m 8.041212e-004

B2m 5.035071e-007

B3m 1.725724e+008

B4m 3.790587e-003

B5 4.168094e+002

B6 4.214451e-007

B7 0.000000e+000

B8 0.000000e+000

B9 0.000000e+000

MaxTemp 323.0

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177

Figure 11.35 A PVT curve for GE Lexan 3412, a 20% glass-filled polycarbonate. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

Lexan 3412

Model Tait

B1s 7.59E-04

B2s 1.12E-07

B3s 3.68E+08

B4s 8.81E-04

B1m 7.59E-04

B2m 4.41E-07

B3m 2.14E+08

B4m 3.81E-03

B5 4.10E+02

B6 4.08E-07

B7 0.00E+00

B8 0.00E+00

B9 0.00E+00

MaxTemp 342.2

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179

Figure 11.37 A PVT curve for unfilled, modified PPO (GE Noryl 731). (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

Noryl 731

Model Tait

B1s 9.57E-04

B2s 2.29E-07

B3s 2.23E+08

B4s 2.85E-03

B1m 9.59E-04

B2m 7.17E-07

B3m 1.24E+08

B4m 4.12E-03

B5 4.14E+02

B6 4.14E-07

B7 0.00E+00

B8 0.00E+00

B9 0.00E+00

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Figure 11.38 A 3D PVT curve for unfilled Nylon 6/6 (Zytel101L). See 2D curves in Fig. 11.39. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Figure 11.39 A PVT curve for unfilled Nylon 6/6 (Zytel 101L). See 3D diagram in Fig. 11.38. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

Zytel 101L

Model Tait

B1s 9.916582e-004

B2s 4.555279e-007

B3s 1.530184e+008

B4s 3.303175e-003

B1m 1.042971e-003

B2m 7.326134e-007

B3m 1.167286e+008

B4m 4.018659e-003

B5 5.369995e+002

B6 3.485184e-008

B7 4.881898e-005

B8 1.787171e-001

B9 8.273468e-009

MaxTemp 318.1

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Figure 11.40 A 3D PVT curve for unfilled PBT (GE Valox 327). See 2D curves in Fig. 11.41. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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183

Figure 11.41 A PVT curve for unfilled PBT (GE Valox327). See 3D curves in Fig. 11.40. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

Valox 327

Model Tait

B1s 8.564531e-004

B2s 3.986468e-007

B3s 1.297948e+008

B4s 4.901804e-003

B1m 9.098297e-004

B2m 6.613134e-007

B3m 1.039253e+008

B4m 3.059871e-003

B5 5.041234e+002

B6 1.086342e-007

B7 5.068244e-005

B8 2.085185e-001

B9 2.352836e-008

MaxTemp 298.3

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184

Figure 11.42 A PVT curve for 15% glass-filled PBT (GE Valox DR48). (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

Valox DR48

Model Tait

B1s 7.38E-04

B2s 2.88E-07

B3s 1.73E+08

B4s 3.43E-03

B1m 7.81E-04

B2m 5.61E-07

B3m 1.08E+08

B4m 2.25E-03

B5 5.03E+02

B6 1.44E-07

B7 3.97E-05

B8 1.07E-01

B9 1.74E-08

MaxTemp 298.3

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Figure 11.43 A PVT curve for 30% glass-filled PBT (Valox420). (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

Valox 420

Model Tait

B1s 7.32E-04

B2s 2.76E-07

B3s 1.69E+08

B4s 4.47E-03

B1m 7.74E-04

B2m 4.77E-07

B3m 1.26E+08

B4m 2.90E-03

B5 5.12E+02

B6 1.17E-07

B7 6.02E-05

B8 8.63E-02

B9 1.40E-08

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11.6 Shrinkage and Warpage of Molded Disks

The following shrinkage and warpage data was obtained by molding a circular disk with a single edge-gate. The

change in size from the gate to the opposite side of the disk was measured to determine the flow-direction shrink rate.

The cross-flow shrinkage was measured perpendicular to the flow-direction shrinkage. The warpage is the offset of

the edge of the disk opposite the gate over the diameter of the disk when the gate side is held tightly against the

measurement surface. See Fig. 11.44.[6]

Shrinkage Rate (in/in)

Flow Cross FlowWarpage

A/D*

Acetal Unfilled 0.020 0.016 0.075

Acetal 10% GF 0.011 0.013 0.030

Acetal 30% GF 0.004 0.015 0.300

Polycarbonate Unfilled 0.005 0.005 0.300

Polycarbonate 10% GF 0.003 0.003 0.001

Polycarbonate 30% GF 0.001 0.003 0.003

Figure 11.44 Flow, cross flow, and warpage (Cup/Diameter) (A/D in Tables 11.211.5). [6] (Courtesy of Hanser-Gardner.) Thisfigure (see Fig. 4.7) is reproduced here for the readers convenience.

Table 11.2. Flow and Cross Flow Shrinkage and A/D Warpage

*A/D is Cup/Diameter, see Fig. 11.44.

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187

Table 11.3. Flow vs Transverse-Flow Shrinkage and Warpage for Injection-Molded Polyacetal (POM) Disksa

with Increasing Glass-Fiber Loading[47]

Glass Fiber

Content (%)

Flow Shrinkage

(in/in)

Transverse Shrinkage

(in/in)

Differential Shrinkage

(in/in 10-3)

Warpage

(A/D*)

0 0.020 0.0160 -4.0 0.075

5 0.015 0.0110 -4.0 0.060

10 0.011 0.0125 1.5 0.030

20 0.006 0.0150 9.0 0.270

30 0.004 0.0150 11.0 0.300

a4 inch diameter 1/16 inch thick disks

Table 11.4. Comparison of the Warpage of Polycarbonate and SAN at Various Filler-Loading Levels[47]

Base Resin Modifier TypeLoading Level

(%)

Plaque Warpage

(in)aDisk Warpage

(A/D*)b

Polycarbonate (PC) Unmodified 0 0.007 0.001

Polycarbonate (PC) Glass fiber 10 0.007 0.001


Polycarbonate (PC) Carbon fiber 30 0.006 0.002

Polycarbonate (PC) Glass bead 30 0.001 0.000

Polystyrene acrylonitrile (SAN) Glass fiber 30 0.001 0.002

Polystyrene acrylonitrile (SAN) Glass bead 30 0.001 0.000

a6 inch 8 inch 1/8 inch thick

b 4 inch diameter 1/16 inch thick

Note:

The warpage in Table 11.2 is the displacement of the gate side of a 4-in. diameter disk from a flat surface whenthe opposite side of the disk is held firmly against the flat surface. The transverse shrinkage is measured across the

disk at 90 degrees each side of the gate. The flow-direction shrinkage is measured from the gate to the opposite side.

The differential shrinkage is the difference between the flow-direction and transverse-direction shrinkage.

Measurements must be taken at least forty-eight hours after molding. Hygroscopic materials must be kept dry for

this period.

Many process variables affect warpage data before annealing. If parts are annealed, process variables have little

effect on measured warpage.

Table 11.4 shows warpage results when molding polycarbonate and SAN.[4]



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188

Table 11.5. Shrinkage and Warpage Data for Injection-Molded Neat and Filled Thermoplastic Polymers[4]

Base Polymer Modifier TypeLoading Level

(%)

Shrinkage3

(in/in)

Warpage2

(A/D*)

Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Unmodified 0 0.015 0.050

Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Glass fiber 10 0.006 0.060



Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Carbon fiber 40 0.002 0.200

Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Glass bead 40 0.010 0.008

Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Barium ferrite 80 0.008 0.002

Polyacetal (POM) Glass fiber 30 0.003 0.300

Polypropylene (PP) Glass fiber 30 0.004 0.380

Polypropylene (PP) Glass fiber1

30 0.003 0.300

Polycarbonate (PC) Unmodified 0 0.006 0.001



Polycarbonate (PC) Carbon fiber 30 0.0005 0.002

Polystyrene

Acryonitrile (SAN)

Glass fiber 30 0.005 0.002

PolystyreneAcryonitrile (SAN)

Glass bead 30 0.003 0.000

1Chemically coupled.

24 in diameter 1/16 thick disk.

3ASTM D955 test bar.

11.7 Angular Warpage

Figure 11.45 Molded plaque, including walls with and without gussets, with holes, and with cylindrical shapes.[46]

(Courtesy ofSPE.)


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189

Notes:

Figures 11.46 and 11.47 indicate the effects of fiber reinforcement and gussets on bow angles of the walls of the

plaque in Fig. 11.45.[46] The angles are measured as deviations from the perpendicular. The bowing is caused by the

delayed cooling of the inside corner of the mold where the wall meets the main part of the plaque. The gusset resists

the bending stress caused by the slower-cooling inside corner, thus reducing the bow angle.Notice in Figure 11.47 that the gusset reduces the bow angle to less than half the un-gusseted angle.

Figure 11.46 Bow angle of side wall without gusset vs

thickness for unfil led and fil led polycarbonate andnylon 6/6.[46] (Courtesy of SPE.)

Figure 11.47 Bow angle of front wall with gusset vs

thickness for unfil led and fil led polycarbonate andnylon 6/6.[46] (Courtesy of SPE.)

Figure 11.48 Hoechst Celanese test plaque, molded of PPS (dimensions in mm).[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

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190

Notes:

Hoechst Celanese ran tests[40] to determine warpage using 40% glass-filled and 65% mineral/glass-filled PPS

using the sample part shown in Fig. 11.48.[40] Unfortunately, gate location was not specified. Figure 11.49 shows the

dimensions and points at which measurements were taken. Figures 11.5053 show the test results.[40]

As one might expect, the warpage of the 65% mineral/glass-filled material was less than that of the 40% glass-

fiber-filled material. The mineral/glass-filled material has less glass fiber in it than the 40% glass-fiber-filled mate-

rial. The improved warpage characteristics therefore result from two sources. First, the aspect ratio of the mineral fill

is less than the glass fiber, therefore the anisotropic shrinkage is less. Second, the higher fill ratio results in less

overall shrinkage. These tests give some indication of the variations one might expect when molding a complicated

part from PPS.

Once a mold is built and proven, the molder may expect good consistency from the mold provided he exercises

good control over the molding conditions.

Figure 11.49 Measurement points of the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

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191

Figure 11.50 Warpage with respect to flatness in the

Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesyof Hoechst Celanese.)

Figure 11.51 Warpage with respect to roundness of a

cylinder in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded ofPPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

Figure 11.52 Warpage with respect to roundness of a hole

in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40]

(Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

Figure 11.53 Warpage with respect to bowing angle in the

Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesyof Hoechst Celanese.)

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193

Note:

While these data indicate that increasing thickness causes increased shrinkage, parts of greater thickness may not

shrink significantly more than indicated for 6-mm thickness because thicker parts often develop voids instead of more

shrinkage. Gate/runner size and flow direction also influence the above data.

Usually the shrinkage in the thickness of the part is not of significant interest because the thickness is normally

about 1/8 in. (3 mm). One study (Fig. 11.2) measured the in-mold thickness shrinkage of polypropylene, polyethyl-

ene, and polystyrene in an 1/8-in. thick tensile test bar. The measurements are in microns, each of which is about 40/

1,000,000 of an inch. Time zero is when the plastic separates from the mold wall. This starting time will vary

depending on the usual variables of gate size, injection pressure, holding pressure, and mold temperature for each

material.

Table 11.7. Nominal Thermoplastic Mold Shrinkage Rates Using ASTM Test Specimens[10]

Average Rate* per ASTM D955

Material Reinforcement0.125 in(3.18 mm) 0.250 in(6.35 mm)

Unreinforced 0.004 0.007ABS

30% glass-fiber 0.001 0.0015

Unreinforced 0.017 0.021Acetal, copolymer

30% glass-fiber 0.003 NA

Unreinforced 0.015 0.030HDPE, homopolymer

30% glass-fiber 0.003 0.004

Unreinforced 0.013 0.016Nylon 6

30% glass-fiber 0.0035 0.0045

Unreinforced 0.016 0.022

15% glass-fiber + 25% mineral 0.006 0.008

15% glass-fiber + 25% beads 0.006 0.008Nylon 6/6

30% glass-fiber 0.005 0.0055

Unreinforced 0.012 0.018PBT Polyester

30% glass-fiber 0.003 0.0045

Unreinforced 0.005 0.007

10% glass-fiber 0.003 0.004Polycarbonate

30% glass-fiber 0.001 0.002

Unreinforced 0.006 0.007Polyether sulfone

30% glass-fiber 0.002 0.003

Unreinforced 0.011 0.013Polyether-etherketone

30% glass-fiber 0.002 0.003

Unreinforced 0.005 0.007Polyetherimide

30% glass-fiber 0.002 0.004

Unreinforced 0.005 0.008Polyphenylene oxide/PS alloy

30% glass-fiber 0.001 0.002

Unreinforced 0.011 0.004Polyphenylene sulfide

40% glass-fiber 0.002 NA

Unreinforced 0.015 0.025Polypropylene, homopolymer

30% glass-fiber 0.0035 0.004

Unreinforced 0.004 0.006Polystyrene

30% glass-fiber 0.0005 0.001

*Rates in in/in (Courtesy ICI-LNP)

11.8 General Shrinkage Characteristics for Various Plastics

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194

Shrinkage

MaterialFlowmil/in

Transversemil/in

ABS unreinforced 5 5ABS 30% glass filled 1 2

Acetal Unfilled 17-22 16-18

Acetal 10% GF 11 13-18

Acetal 30% Glass Fiber 3 6-16

Acetal 30% Glass Beads 3 11

Crastin S600F10 NC10PBT 125mil (3.2mm)

17 16

Crastin SK602 NC10 PBT 15%GF 125 mil

6 12

Crastin SK603 NC10 PBT 20%

GF 125 mil

4 11

Crastin SK605 NC10 PBT 30%

GF 125 mil

3 10

Cycoloy PC/ABS C2800 125 mil(3.2mm)

4-6 4-6

Cycoloy PC/ABS C6200 125 mil(3.2mm)

4-6 4-6

Cycoloy PC/ABS C2950 125 mil

(3.2mm)

4-6 4-6

Cycoloy PC/ABS DSK 125 mil

(3.2mm)

6-8

Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM4700 125

mil (3.2mm)

5-8

Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM5500 125mil (3.2mm)

5-8


mil (3.2mm)

5-8


mil (3.2mm)

5-8

Cycoloy PC/ABS IP1000 125mil (3.2mm)

5-7 5-7

Cycoloy PC/ABS LG8002 125mil (3.2mm)

5-7

Cycoloy PC/ABS LG9000 125

mil (3.2mm)

5-7

Cycoloy PC/ABS MC1300 125

mil (3.2mm)

5-8 5-7

Cycoloy PC/ABS MC8002 125mil (3.2mm)

5-7

Cycoloy PC/ABS MC9000 125mil (3.2mm)

5-7

Cycoloy PC/ABS MC8800 125

mil (3.2mm)

4-6 4-6

Cycoloy C1000HF 125 mil

(3.2mm)

5-7 5-7

Cycoloy C1110 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7

Shrinkage

MaterialFlowmil/in

Transversemil/in

Cycoloy C1110HF 125 mil(3.2mm)

5-7

Cycoloy C1200 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7

Cycoloy C1200HF 125 mil(3.2mm)

5-7

Delrin 100 NC010 125 mil(3.2mm)

18-21 18-21

Delrin 100P NC010 125 mil

(3.2mm)

18-21 17-19


18-21 17-20

Delrin 1700P NC010 125 mil

(3.2mm)

14-17 15-18


17-20 18-21

Delrin 500 NC010 125 mil(3.2mm) test bar

23 8

Delrin 500 NC010 125 mil

(3.2mm) plaque

21 15

Delrin 570 NC010 125 mil(3.2mm) 110C

13


(3.2mm) 124C

12 21


(3.2mm)

17-20 17-20

Delrin 500 AF (20%PTFE) 125

mil (3.2mm)

18-20 15-17

Delrin DE8903 NC010 125 mil

(3.2mm)

16 16

Delrin 100, 100P 21 19

Delrin 500, 500P 21 20

Delrin 511P, 911P 19 18

Delrin 900P 21 20

Delrin 1700P 10 18

Delrin colors depending on color 18-21 17-20

Delrin 500T 18 17

Delrin 100ST 13 14

Delrin 500AF 21 15

Delrin CL 19 19

Delrin 570, 577 12 21

Enduran PBT 7062X 125 mil(3.2mm)

8-10 11-13

Enduran PBT 7065 125 mil

(3.2mm)

12-14 11-13

Enduran PBT 7085 125 mil

(3.2mm)

7-9 7.5-9.5

Table 11.8. Comparative Mold Shrinkage Values for Flow and Cross Flow (Transverse) Directions

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Shrinkage

MaterialFlowmil/in

Transversemil/in

Fortran (PPO) 40% Glass Fiber 1-3 5-7Fortran (PPO) 65%

Mineral/Glass

1-2 3-5

Geloy XP1001 125 mil (3.2mm) 4-6

Geloy XP2003 125 mil (3.2mm) 3-5

Geloy XP4025 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Geloy XP4034 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Hytrel G3548L 125 mil (3.2mm) 5

Hytrel 4056 2

Hytrel 4069 8

Hytrel G4074 8

Hytrel 4078W 9

Hytrel 4556 11

Hytrel G4774 125 mil (3.2mm) 14

Hytrel 5526 11

Hytrel G5544 17

Hytrel 5555 HS 13

Hytrel 5556 14

Hytrel 6356 16

Hytrel 6359 FG 16

Hytrel 6358 16

Hytrel G7246 125 mil (3.2mm) 16Hytrel 7246 17

Hytrel 7248 17

Hytrel 8238 18

Lexan 101/201 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Lexan 121/221 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Lexan 131 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Lexan 141/241 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Lexan 191 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Minlon 11C40 NC010 125 mil

(3.2mm)

9 13

Minlon 10B40 NC010 125 mil(3.2mm)

8 10

Minlon 22C NC010 125 mil

(3.2mm)

7 10

Noryl 30% GF 1 2

Noryl 534 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Noryl 731H 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7

Noryl 731 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7

Noryl GFN1 125 mil (3.2mm) 2-5

Noryl GFN3 125 mil (3.2mm) 1-4

Shrinkage

MaterialFlowmil/in

Transversemil/in

Noryl HS1000X 125 mil(3.2mm)

5-7

Noryl N190HX 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7

Noryl N190X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7

Noryl N225X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Noryl N300X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Noryl PC180X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Noryl PN235 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Noryl PX0844 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7

Noryl PX9406 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Noryl SE100X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Noryl SE1X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7

Nylon (PA) 6 13 14

Nylon (PA) 6 30% GF 3.5 4.5

Nylon (PA) 66 16-21 15-21

Nylon (PA) 66 30% GF 4 6

Nylon (PA) 66 15% GF 25%

Glass Beads

6 8

PEI 30% GF 2 4

PET 18 21

PET 30% GF 3 10

PC 30% GF 1 2Polycarbonate Unfilled 6 6

Polycarbonate 10% Glass Fiber 3 4

Polycarbonate 30% Glass Fiber 0.5-1 1-2

Polycarbonate 30% Glass Beads 4 4

PP 30% GF 3.5 9

PPO/PS Unreinforced 5 5

PPO/PS 30% Glass Fiber 1 2

Rynite 408 62 mil (1.6mm) 2.1 6.3

Rynite 408 125 mil (13.2mm) 2.0 7.5

Rynite 415HP 62 mil (1.6mm) 2.4 6.7

Rynite 415HP 125 mil (13.2mm) 4.0 9.5

Rynite 520 NC010 20% GF 62

mil (1.6mm)

2.3 8.2

Rynite 520 NC010 20% GF 125mil (3.2mm)

3.5 9

Rynite 530 NC010 30% GF 62

mil (1.6mm)

1.8 7.8


2.5 8


3 10

Table 11.8. (Contd.)

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196

Shrinkage

MaterialFlowmil/in

Transversemil/in

USI Chemical UE637 14-28







Valox 195,307,310,311 (PBT)

30-90 mil

9-16 10-17

Valox 195,307,310,311 (PBT)

90-180 mil

15-23 16-24

Valox 312 (PBT) 25-60 mil 6-8 6-8

Valox 312 (PBT) 60-125 mil 8-12 8-12

Valox 312 (PBT) 125-180 mil 12-16 12-16

Xenoy 1102 (PC/PBT) 125 mil

(3.2mm)

8-10 8-10

Xenoy 1200 (PC/PBT) 125 mil(3.2mm)

16-18

Xenoy 1402B (PC/PBT) 125 mil

(3.2mm)

9-11 9-11


(3.2mm)

5-7 6-8


4-6 4-6


(3.2mm)

6-9 6-9


5-8

Zenite 6330 LPC 0 5

Zenite 6130 80 mil thick -0.7 5



Zenite 6330 80 mil thick 0 5

Zenite 7130 80 mil thick 0 8

Zenite 7130 40 mil thick -1 9

Zytel 101 (66) 15

Zytel 151L (612) 11

Zytel 7331F (6) 12 13

Zytel 70G13L (66) 13% GF 5 12

Zytel 70G33L (66) 33% GF 2 11

Zytel 70G43L (66) 43% GF 2 10

Shrinkage

MaterialFlowmil/in

Transversemil/in


7 11

Rynite FR530L NC010 62 mil(1.6mm)

1.6 6.8

Rynite FR530L NC010 125 mil

(3.2mm)

2.5 7.5

Rynite FR543 NC010 62 mil(1.6mm)

1.2 4.7

Rynite FR543 NC010 125 mil

(3.2mm)

2.0 6.5

Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 62

mil (1.6mm)

1.5 6.7


2 9

Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 250

mil (6.4mm)

2 9


7 7

Rynite 555 NC010 55% GF 62

mil (1.6mm)

1.3 6.6

Rynite 555 NC010 55% GF 125

mil (3.2mm)

2 7

Rynite FR515 NC010 15% GF

62 mil (1.6mm)

3.4 6.9

Rynite FR515 NC010 15% GF

125 mil (3.2mm)

5.0 9.5


2.2 5.7


2.0 7.5

SUPEC CTX 301RA 125 mil

(3.2mm)

4-6 5-7

SUPEC CTX 401 125 mil(3.2mm)

3-5 5-7

SUPEC CTX 530 125 mil(3.2mm)

3-5 5-7

SUPEC CTX 540 125 mil

(3.2mm)

2-4 4-6

SUPEC CTX W331 125 mil(3.2mm)

4-6

ULTEM PEI 1000 125 mil

(3.2mm)

5-7

ULTEM PEI 1010 125 mil(3.2mm)

5-7


Table 11.8. (Contd.)

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197

Material TypeShrinkage

(inches/inch)

Acetal Semicrystalline 0.018-0.035

EVA Semicrystalline 0.010-0.030

Polybutylene Semicrystalline 0.020

Polypropylene Semicrystalline 0.010-0.030

Polyester 25-50 mil Semicrystalline 0.006-0.012



Polyethylene Semicrystalline 0.015-0.040

PVC flexible Amorphous 0.002-0.004

Polyurethane Amorphous 0.002-0.004

Nylon 6/6 Semicrystalline 0.010-0.025

Nylon 6 Semicrystalline 0.007-0.015

Nylon 6/10 Semicrystalline 0.010-0.025



Nylon GF Semicrystalline 0.005-0.010

ABS Impact Amorphous 0.004-0.007

ABS Heat Resistant Amorphous 0.004-0.005

ABS Med. Impact Amorphous 0.005

Acrylic Amorphous 0.002-0.010

Noryl Amorphous 0.005-0.007

Polycarbonate Amorphous 0.005-0.007

Polystyrene Amorphous 0.002-0.008

PPO Amorphous 0.005-0.008

Polysulphone Amorphous 0.008

PVC rigid Amorphous 0.002-0.004

SAN Amorphous 0.002-0.006

Table 11.9. Comparative Mold Shrinkage Values for Flow Direction Only

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