077 - Isotopes of Iridium - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There are two natural isotopes of iridium (Ir), and 34 radioisotopes, the most stable radioisotope being 192Ir with a half-life of 73.83days, and many nuclear isomers, the most stable of which is 192m2Ir with a half-life of 241 years, all other isomers have half-livesunder a year, most under a day.

Standard atomic mass: 192.217(3) u

Contents

1 Iridium-1922 Table

2.1 Notes3 References4 External links

Iridium-192

Iridium-192 (symbol 192Ir) is a radioactive isotope of iridium, with a half-life of 73.83 days.[1] It decays by emitting beta (β) particlesand gamma (γ) radiation. About 96% of 192Ir decays occur via emission of β and γ radiation, leading to 192Pt. Some of the β particlesare captured by other 192Ir nuclei, which are then converted to 192Os. Electron capture is responsible for the remaining 4% of 192Irdecays.[2]

Iridium-192 is also a strong gamma ray emitter. There are seven principal energy packets produced during its disintegration processranging from just over 0.2 to about 0.6 MeV. Iridium-192 is commonly used as a gamma ray source in industrial radiography to locateflaws in metal components.[3] It is also used in radiotherapy as a radiation source.

Iridium-192 has accounted for the majority of cases tracked by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission in which radioactive materialshave gone missing in quantities large enough to make a dirty bomb.[4]

Table

Isotopes of iridium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium

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nuclidesymbol

Z(p) N(n)

isotopic mass (u) half-life

decaymode(s)[5][n 1]

daughterisotope(s)[n 2]

nuclearspin

representativeisotopic

composition(mole fraction)

range of naturalvariation

(mole fraction)excitation energy

164Ir 77 87 163.99220(44)# 1# ms 2-#164mIr 270(110)# keV 94(27) µs 9+#

165Ir 77 88 164.98752(23)# <1# µsp 164Os

1/2+#α (rare) 161Re

165mIr 180(50)# keV 300(60) µsp (87%) 164Os

11/2-α (13%) 161Re

166Ir 77 89 165.98582(22)# 10.5(22) msα (93%) 162Re

(2-)p (7%) 165Os

166mIr 172(6) keV 15.1(9) msα (98.2%) 162Re

(9+)p (1.8%) 165Os

167Ir 77 90 166.981665(20) 35.2(20) ms

α (48%) 163Re

1/2+p (32%) 166Os

β+ (20%) 167Os

167mIr 175.3(22) keV 30.0(6) ms

α (80%) 163Re

11/2-β+ (20%) 167Os

p (.4%) 166Os

168Ir 77 91 167.97988(16)# 161(21) msα 164Re

highβ+ (rare) 168Os

168mIr 50(100)# keV 125(40) ms α 164Re low

169Ir 77 92 168.976295(28) 780(360) ms[0.64(+46-24) s]

α 165Re1/2+#

β+ (rare) 169Os

169mIr 154(24) keV 308(22) msα (72%) 165Re

11/2-#β+ (28%) 169Os

170Ir 77 93 169.97497(11)# 910(150) ms[0.87(+18-12) s]

β+ (64%) 170Oslow#

α (36%) 166Re170mIr 270(70)# keV 440(60) ms high#

171Ir 77 94 170.97163(4) 3.6(10) s[3.2(+13-7) s]

α (58%) 167Re1/2+#

β+ (42%) 171Os171mIr 180(30)# keV 1.40(10) s (11/2-)

172Ir 77 95 171.97046(11)# 4.4(3) sβ+ (98%) 172Os

(3+)α (2%) 168Re

172mIr 280(100)# keV 2.0(1) sβ+ (77%) 172Os

(7+)α (23%) 168Re

173Ir 77 96 172.967502(15) 9.0(8) sβ+ (93%) 173Os

(3/2+,5/2+)α (7%) 169Re

173mIr 253(27) keV 2.20(5) sβ+ (88%) 173Os

(11/2-)α (12%) 169Re


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174Ir 77 97 173.966861(30) 7.9(6) sβ+ (99.5%) 174Os

(3+)α (.5%) 170Re

174mIr 193(11) keV 4.9(3) sβ+ (99.53%) 174Os

(7+)α (.47%) 170Re

175Ir 77 98 174.964113(21) 9(2) sβ+ (99.15%) 175Os

(5/2-)α (.85%) 171Re

176Ir 77 99 175.963649(22) 8.3(6) sβ+ (97.9%) 176Os

α (2.1%) 172Re

177Ir 77 100 176.961302(21) 30(2) sβ+ (99.94%) 177Os

5/2-α (.06%) 173Re

178Ir 77 101 177.961082(21) 12(2) s β+ 178Os179Ir 77 102 178.959122(12) 79(1) s β+ 179Os (5/2)-180Ir 77 103 179.959229(23) 1.5(1) min β+ 180Os (4,5)(+#)181Ir 77 104 180.957625(28) 4.90(15) min β+ 181Os (5/2)-182Ir 77 105 181.958076(23) 15(1) min β+ 182Os (3+)

183Ir 77 106 182.956846(27) 57(4) minβ+ ( 99.95%) 183Os

5/2-α (.05%) 179Re

184Ir 77 107 183.95748(3) 3.09(3) h β+ 184Os 5-184m1Ir 225.65(11) keV 470(30) µs 3+184m2Ir 328.40(24) keV 350(90) ns (7)+

185Ir 77 108 184.95670(3) 14.4(1) h β+ 185Os 5/2-186Ir 77 109 185.957946(18) 16.64(3) h β+ 186Os 5+

186mIr 0.8(4) keV 1.92(5) hβ+ 186Os

2-IT (rare) 186Ir

187Ir 77 110 186.957363(7) 10.5(3) h β+ 187Os 3/2+187m1Ir 186.15(4) keV 30.3(6) ms IT 187Ir 9/2-187m2Ir 433.81(9) keV 152(12) ns 11/2-

188Ir 77 111 187.958853(8) 41.5(5) h β+ 188Os 1-

188mIr 970(30) keV 4.2(2) msIT 188Ir

7+#β+ (rare) 188Os

189Ir 77 112 188.958719(14) 13.2(1) d EC 189Os 3/2+189m1Ir 372.18(4) keV 13.3(3) ms IT 189Ir 11/2-189m2Ir 2333.3(4) keV 3.7(2) ms (25/2)+

190Ir 77 113 189.9605460(18) 11.78(10) d β+ 190Os 4-190m1Ir 26.1(1) keV 1.120(3) h IT 190Ir (1-)190m2Ir 36.154(25) keV >2 µs (4)+190m3Ir 376.4(1) keV 3.087(12) h (11)-

191Ir 77 114 190.9605940(18) Observationally Stable[n 3] 3/2+ 0.373(2)191m1Ir 171.24(5) keV 4.94(3) s IT 191Ir 11/2-191m2Ir 2120(40) keV 5.5(7) s


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192Ir 77 115 191.9626050(18) 73.827(13) dβ- (95.24%) 192Pt

4+EC (4.76%) 192Os

192m1Ir 56.720(5) keV 1.45(5) min 1-192m2Ir 168.14(12) keV 241(9) a (11-)

193Ir 77 116 192.9629264(18) Observationally Stable[n 4] 3/2+ 0.627(2)193mIr 80.240(6) keV 10.53(4) d IT 193Ir 11/2-

194Ir 77 117 193.9650784(18) 19.28(13) h β- 194Pt 1-194m1Ir 147.078(5) keV 31.85(24) ms IT 194Ir (4+)194m2Ir 370(70) keV 171(11) d (10,11)(-#)

195Ir 77 118 194.9659796(18) 2.5(2) h β- 195Pt 3/2+

195mIr 100(5) keV 3.8(2) hβ- (95%) 195Pt

11/2-IT (5%) 195Ir

196Ir 77 119 195.96840(4) 52(1) s β- 196Pt (0-)

196mIr 210(40) keV 1.40(2) hβ- (99.7%) 196Pt

(10,11-)IT 196Ir

197Ir 77 120 196.969653(22) 5.8(5) min β- 197Pt 3/2+

197mIr 115(5) keV 8.9(3) minβ- (99.75%) 197Pt

11/2-IT (.25%) 197Ir

198Ir 77 121 197.97228(21)# 8(1) s β- 198Pt199Ir 77 122 198.97380(4) 20# s β- 199Pt 3/2+#

^ Abbreviations:EC: Electron captureIT: Isomeric transition

1.

^ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)2.^ Believed to undergo α decay to 187Re3.^ Believed to undergo α decay to 189Re4.

Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weakassignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote onestandard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

References

^ "Radioisotope Brief: Iridium-192 (Ir-192)" (http://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/isotopes/iridium.asp). Retrieved 20 March 2012.1.^ Braggerly, L.L. (1956). The radioactive decay of Iridium-192 (Pd.D. Thesis). Pasadena, CA: California Institute of Technology. pp. 1, 2,7.

2.

^ Charles Hellier (2003). Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation. McGraw-Hill. p. 6.20. ISBN 0-07-028121-1.3.^ Steve Coll (March 12, 2007). "The Unthinkable" (http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/03/12/070312fa_fact_coll?printable=true).The New Yorker. Retrieved 2007-03-09.

4.

^ Added info from http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx5.

Isotope masses from:G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decayproperties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128.Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).

Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:


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J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomicweights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/75/6/0683/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683).M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://iupac.org/publications/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051(http://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051). Lay summary (http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html).

Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decayproperties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128.Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/). Brookhaven NationalLaboratory. Retrieved September 2005.N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRCPress. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

External links

NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Iridium, Radioactive (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@na+@rel+iridium,+radioactive) (referring to iridium-192)

Isotopes of osmium Isotopes of iridium Isotopes ofplatinum

Table of nuclides

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