07 SEP-650 Common_Functions

©S

A-T Training

SA

2009-001961

Introduction to the Relion

®650 series

Com

mon functions

Substation

Autom

ation Products

©S

A-T Training

Slide 2

Section

7

Contents

�B

asic functions

�C

urrent based functions

�V

oltage based functions

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A-T Training

Slide 3

Section

7

�Function types are identical in the 650 series

�B

asic functions

�S

ystem

�A

pplication/Configuration

�Testing/C

omm

issioning

�Logic

�C

ontrol

�M

onitor

�C

urrent based functions

�V

oltage based functions

�Frequency based functions

Com

mon functions

Relion®

650series

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A-T Training

Slide 4

Section

7

Basic IE

D functions

Relion®

650series

System

�S

elf supervision with internal event list

�Tim

e synchronization –S

NTP

, DN

P and/or IR

IG-B

�Term

inal identifiers –N

ame and num

ber: Station, O

bject and Unit

�P

roduct id –P

roduct Type, Firmw

are, Serial N

o, Order N

o, Production

date, etc.

�A

uthority handling –S

afeguards access of the IED

�D

enial of service –P

reventing heavy Ethernet netw

ork traffic to influence IE

D functionality

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A-T Training

Slide 5

Section

7

Basic IE

D functions

Relion®

650series

Application/C

onfiguration

�P

rimary system

values –Frequency and phase rotation

�S

etting group handling –4 groups

�S

ignal matrix for analog inputs –

Interface between S

ignal matrix and

Application configuration

�G

lobal base values –6 sets of base voltage, current and apparent

power

Testing/Com

missioning

�Test m

ode functionality –Testing selected functions

�C

hange lock function –B

locking of configuration

�Test outputs -Forcing of binary signals

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Slide 6

Section

7

Basic functions –

Logic functions

16B

oolean to Integer conversion

16Integer to B

oolean conversion16

Integerto Boolean

conversionw

ith LN

representation

16 12

11

1

Boolean to Integer conversion w

ith LN

representation

Trip matrix logic

23

21

1Tripping logic

A07 2*OLTC

A05 3W

A01 2W

A07 BC AB

A02 AB

A01 A

A05 Moh

A01 Quad

Logic

RE

L650R

EC

650R

ET650

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A-T Training

Slide 7

Section

7

�N

umber of instances: 1: R

EL &

RE

C 2-3:

RE

T

�Three-phase tripping function

�P

ossible to set the minim

um duration of

the trip pulse

�W

hen the IED

is set in Test-mode the

tripping logic will be blocked (as all other

functions)

�A

pplication�

All trip signals from

different protection functions shall be routed through the trip logic.

�U

se the lock-out possibility to prevent closing the breaker after trip

Tripping logic

IEC

61850: SM

PP

RTC

AN

SI:

94

IEC

60617:

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A-T Training

Slide 8

Section

7

�N

umber of instances: 12

�32 inputs and 3 outputs

�Three large O

R-gates

�Input 1-16 relates to O

utput 1


utput 2


utput 3

�E

ach output can be customized (filter

input, minim

um duration, steady or

pulsed)

�A

pplication�

The function is used to route signals in the IE

D.

�R

ET: A

ll object protection functions may be

connected to the first group. All backup

protection are connected to the second group.

Output 1 �

trip and lockout, Output 2 �

trip.

Tripp matrix logic

IEC

61850: TMA

GG

IO

AN

SI:

-

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 9

Section

7

Logic functionsB

asic functions

4040

Set-reset m

emory

4040

Reset-set m

emory

12-

Invalid function

20 20 - - 40 40

120

40

120

120

- - 40 40 40 40

140

40

280

283

Indication extractor single position

Indication combining single point position

Loop delay

Controllable gate

Pulsetim

er

Timer

Inverter

Exclusive O

R gate

AN

D gate

OR

gate

Optional: R

EC

650 Q

ualityand tim

estamp

Basic: R

EL650,

RE

C650 &

RE

T650Logic

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A-T Training

Slide 10

Section

7

Secondary system

and controlB

asic functions

16IE

C61850 generic com

munication, double point

5 20 15

1 1 3 1 1

1 1 3 1 1

1 1 3 1 1

IEC

61850 generic single point control, 8 signals

Selector m

ini switch, versatile sw

itch

Logic rotating switch for function selection and H

MI

presentation

--

-1

1A

utorecloser

--

-1

1S

ynchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing

33

33

3B

reaker close/trip circuit monitoring

--

-1

1Fuse failure supervision

--

-1

1C

urrent circuit supervision

A07 2*OLTC

A05 3W

A01 2W

A07 BC AB

A02 AB

A01 A

A05 Moh

A01 Quad

Secondary S

ystem S

upervision and Control

RE

L650R

EC

650R

ET650

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A-T Training

Slide 11

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C

�C

ompares the residual current

(summ

ation of the three phases) of one input w

ith the residual current from an

other input

�O

peration based on stabilized current differential principle

�B

locked during fault conditions on protected circuit

�A

pplication�

Open or short circuited C

T’s can cause unw

anted operation of many protection

functions.

�P

revents unnecessary operation of current differential protection

�Inform

s on unavailability of distance and overcurrent functions

Current circuit supervision

IEC

61850: CC

SR

DIF

AN

SI:

-

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 12

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C

�S

upervises three phase voltage circuits against abnorm

alities. Outputs:

�G

eneral operating mode (voltage

measurem

ent only)

�C

ontrolled operating mode (im

pedance m

easurement)

�O

peration modes:

�3U

0 > and 3I0 <

�U

2 > and I2 <

�[3U

0 > and 3I0 <] and [U2 > and I2 <]

�[3U

0 > and 3I0 <] or [U2 > and I2 <]

�O

ptimum

between U

2 > and I2 < and 3U0 >

and 3I0 <

�P

lus �U

> and �I< elem

ent

Fuse failure supervision

IEC

61850: SD

DR

FUF

AN

SI:

-

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 13

Section

7

�C

ombine �

-element w

ith selected operating m

ode

�It is recom

mended to activate S

EA

L-IN

functionality

�A

pplication�

Unw

anted operations might occur w

hen functions using voltage loses the voltage m

easurement due to failure in the

secondary circuits.

�P

revention maloperation

of voltage dependent functions

�B

lock the scheme com

munication

functionality together with distance

protection

Fuse failure supervision

IEC

61850: SD

DR

FUF

AN

SI:

-

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 14

Section

7

�N


EL, R

EC

&

RE

T

�The function m

ust be connected to appropriate TC

S-output on the P

SM

function block

�R

esistor in the parallel with internal

contact in CB

�G

enerates about 1 mA

current

�The function detects a trip circuit failure and the alarm

is available after a settable filter tim

e.

�A

pplication�

The TCS

continuously supervise the electrical circuits betw

een the IED

and the coils in the circuit breaker (both open and close coil circuits)

Trip circuit supervision

IEC

61850: TCS

SC

BR

AN

SI:

TCM

IEC

60617: TCS

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A-T Training

Slide 15

Section

7

Trip circuit supervision

IEC

61850: TCS

SC

BR

AN

SI:

TCM

IEC

60617: TCS

RE

_650

Circuit B

reakerH

ardware

Softw

are

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A-T Training

Slide 16

Section

7

Monitoring functions

Basic functions

64+16+16

1+4+6

5 66

6+6+6

10+6

6

IEC

61850 generic comm

unication I/O functions

Disturbance R

eport

Event counter

Service value of analog inputs (TR

M or A

IM),

primary or secondary

Measured value expander block *

Phase-phase, phase-neutral and sequence voltage

measurem

ents *

Phase and sequence current m

easurements *

Service value m

easurements (S

, P, Q

, U, I etc.) *

A07 2*OLTC

A05 3W

A01 2W

A07 BC AB

A02 AB

A01 A

A05 Moh

A01 Quad

Monitoring Functions

RE

L650R

EC

650R

ET650

* Details in S

ection 8, Measurem

ent

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A-T Training

Slide 17

Section

7

Monitoring and m

etering functionsB

asic functions

3 16

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 -

Function for energy calculation and demand

handling

Pulse counter

23

21

1C

ircuit breaker condition monitoring

22

21

1Insulation liquid m

onitoring function

22

21

1Insulation gas m

onitoring function

11

11

1S

tation battery supervision

--

--

-Fault locator

A07 2*OLTC

A05 3W

A01 2W

A07 BC AB

A02 AB

A01 A

A05 Moh

A01 Quad

Monitoring and M

etering Functions

RE

L650R

EC

650R

ET650

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A-T Training

Slide 18

Section

7

�D

isturbance recordings files follows the

Com

trade standard

�N

umber of recordings: <

100 recordings

�Tim

e resolution 1 ms

�P

re-fault recording time: <

3 second

�P

ost-fault recording time: <

10 seconds

�Trigging

�M

anual trig

�B

inary signal (internal or external)

�A

nalog signal threshold level

Disturbance recorder

Monitoring

IEC

61850: DR

PR

DR

E

AN

SI:

-

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 19

Section

7

�N

umber of instances: 4 of 10 channel

each

�U

ser defined channel names (A

CT)

�V

oltage and/or currents but also other quantities

�30 channels via TR

M, A

IM or �

-function block

�10 channels connected to derived signals

�D

ifferential currents (RE

T650)

�B

ias currents (RE

T650)

�P

ower system

measurem

ent


MonitoringIE

C 61850: A

xRA

DR

AN

SI:

-

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 20

Section

7

�N

umber of instances: 6 of 16 channel

each

�U

ser defined channel names (A

CT)

�R

ecording inside the configuration�

Internal signals

�B

inary inputs

�B

inary outputs

�G

OO

SE

-signals (IEC

61850)

�E

ach channel may effect the LE

Ds

on the local H

MI w

hen changing status�

Set S

tart-LED

�S

et Trip-LED

�S

et Start-and Trip-LE

Ds


Monitoring

IEC

61850: BxR

BD

R

AN

SI:

-

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 21

Section

7

�A

ccessible on local HM

I and in PC

M600

�E

vents

�C

ontinuous event-logging independent if the recorder is recording or not (tim

e-tagging)

�R

ing-buffer: 1000 events

�R

esolution: 1 ms

�D

isturbance records

�Indications

�E

vent-logging at status change during a disturbance (no tim

e-tagging, Indication mask

per input)

�E

vent recorder

�E

vent-logging at status change during a disturbance (tim

e-tagging)

�N

umber of events: <

150

�R

esolution: 1 ms

Disturbance recorder –

Related Functions

Monitoring

IEC

61850: -

AN

SI:

-

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 22

Section

7

�D

isturbance recordscont.

�Fault locator (R

EL650)

�The proven “R

AN

ZA”algorithm

�Trip value recorder

�A

utomatic calculation of pre-fault and fault

value for the 1st30 analog channels

�M

agnitude and phase angle

Disturbance recorder –

Related Functions

Monitoring

IEC

61850: LMB

RFLO

AN

SI:

-

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 23

Section

7

Current based functions

Relion®

650series

- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- 1 - 1 1 1 1 1

23

2-

-Therm

al overload protection, two tim

e constants

--

-1

1Therm

al overload protection, one time constant

--

--

-Tim

e delayed two step undercurrent protection

--

-1

1S

ensitive directional residual over current and pow

er protection

23

21

Four step directional residual overcurrent protection

-3

21

1Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection

23

21

1Four step phase overcurrent protection

-3

21

1Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection

A07 2*OLTC

A05 3W

A01 2W

A07 BC AB

A02 AB

A01 A

A05 Moh

A01 Quad


RE

L650R

EC

650R

ET650

©S

A-T Training

Slide 24

Section

7


Relion®

650series

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

--

11

1N

egative sequence based overcurrent function

21

11

1D

irectional over-power protection

21

11

1D

irectional under-power protection

--

-1

1B

roken conductor check

-3

21

1P

ole discordance protection

--

-1

1S

tub protection

-3

21

1B

reaker failure protection

A07 2*OLTC

A05 3W

A01 2W

A07 BC AB

A02 AB

A01 A

A05 Moh

A01 Quad


RE

L650R

EC

650R

ET650

©S

A-T Training

Slide 25

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 2-3:

RE

T

�O

perate time: 10-25 m

s at 10-2 times Iset

�Transient overreach: <5%

�N

on directional

�Fundam

ental RM

S m

easurement

�A

pplicable for faults with high fault currents

and demand on fast clearing tim

e

�C

lose to strong generation point

�S

hort circuit protection for close-in faults

�B

ackup protection

Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection

IEC

61850: PH

PIO

C

AN

SI:

50

IEC

60617: 3I>>

©S

A-T Training

Slide 26

Section

7

Param

eter settingInstantaneous phase overcurrent protection

IEC

61850: PH

PIO

C

AN

SI:

50

IEC

60617: 3I>>

©S

A-T Training

Slide 27

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 2-3: R

ET

�Four independent overcurrent steps

�N

o second harmonic restrain

�Fundam

ental (DFT) or true R

MS

measurem

ent

�E

ach step: Off, Forw

ard, Reverse or N

on-directional

�S

tep 1 and 4: 17 different inverse and definite tim

e characteristics (IEC

, AN

SI etc.)

�S

tep 2 and 3: Definite tim

e characteristics

Four step phase overcurrent protection

IEC

61850: OC

4PTO

C

AN

SI:

51/67

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 28

Section

7

�P

rimary protection of feeders in

distribution, subtransmission

networks

�S

hort circuit protection of different kind of equipm

ent (shunt capacitor banks, reactors, etc.)

�B

ackup protection of transmission lines,

power transform

ers and power generators

�C

ould be activated when needed i.e.

comm

unication failure

Application

Four step phase overcurrent protection

IEC

61850: OC

4PTO

C

AN

SI:

51/67

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 29

Section

7

Param

eter settingFour step phase overcurrent protection

IEC

61850: OC

4PTO

C

AN

SI:

51/67

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 30

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 2-3:

RE

T

�O

perate time: 10-25 m

s at 10-2 times Iset

�Transient overreach: <5%

�N

on directional

�M

easured or calculated residual current

�Fundam

ental RM

S m

easurement

�A

pplicable for faults with high fault currents

and demand on fast clearing tim

e

�C

lose to strong generation point

�S

hort circuit protection for close-in faults

�B

ackup protection

Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection

IEC

61850: EFP

IOC

AN

SI:

50N

IEC

60617: IN>>

©S

A-T Training

Slide 31

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 2-3:

RE

T

�Four independent overcurrent steps

�P

olarization method: V

oltage, current or dual

�M

easured or calculated residual quantities

�E

ach step:

�O

ff, Forward, R

everse or Non-directional

�E

nable or disable second harmonic restrain

�S

tep 1 and 4: 17 different inverse and definite tim


, AN

SI etc.)

�S

tep 2 and 3: Definite tim

e characteristics

�H

igh sensitivity for high-resistive earth faults in low

impedance earthed system

s

Four step residual overcurrent protection

IEC

61850: EF4P

TOC

AN

SI:

51N/67N

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 32

Section

7

�P

rimary protection of feeders in distribution,

subtransmission

networks and different kind

of equipment (capacitor banks, reactors, etc.)

�B

ackup protection of transmission lines,

power transform

ers and power generators

�P

ossibility to activate when needed i.e.

comm

unication failure

�C

ould be used in different comm

unication schem

es:

�B

locking

�P

ermissible

�C

urrent reversal and

�W

eak-end infeed

Application

Four step residual overcurrent protection

IEC

61850: EF4P

TOC

AN

SI:

51N/67N

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 33

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C

�O

peration methods:

1.3I0

cos�

, definite time delay, or

2.3I0

and �, definite tim

e delay, or

3.3I0

3U0

cos�

(residual power), definite or

inverse time delay.

4.N

on-directional 3I0 , definite or inverse time

delay, and/or

5.3U

0(separate definite tim

e delay)

�Forw

ard or reverse

�N

on-directional 3I0 : 17 different inverse and definite tim


, A

NS

I etc.) are available

Sensitive dir. 3I0

overcurrent and power protection

IEC

61850: SD

EP

SD

E

AN

SI:

67N

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 34

Section

7

�P

rimary to detect earth faults in isolated

networks or netw

orks with high im

pedance earthing w

here the earth currents are sm

all.

�It’s possible to use the function in isolated, in resistance or in P

etersen coil earthed netw

orks

�The non-directional functions can serve as alternative or backup protection to distance protection w

ith phase preference logic

Application

Sensitive dir. 3I0 overcurrent and pow

er protection

IEC

61850: SD

EP

SD

E

AN

SI:

67N

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 35

Section

7

�N


EL

�Tw

o identical independent undercurrent steps

�E

ach step:

�O

perating value and time delay

�R

eset time delay

�B

locking value

�A

pplication

�The function is used to supervise a pow

er line for low

current to detect loss-of-load condition

Time delayed 2-step undercurrent protection

IEC

61850: UC

2PTU

C

AN

SI:

37

IEC

60617: 2I<

©S

A-T Training

Slide 36

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C

�B

ased on current measurem

ent (I 2t) with tim

e constant (Tau) and a therm

al mem

ory (�)

�O

ne heating (and cooling) time constant

�S

upervision and trip

�A

larm level

�O

peration (trip) level

�C

ooling level (after trip)

�Input for am

bient temperature com

pensation

�N

o measurem

ent: Fixed (settable) ambient

temperature

Thermal overload protection –

One tim

e constant

IEC

61850: LPTTR

AN

SI:

26

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 37

Section

7

�The pow

er system in m

any countries are utilized closer to the therm

al limits.

�P

rotection in general (distance protection, overcurrent protection etc.) are not suited to protect overhead lines against therm

al overload.

�The therm

al overload protection is specially designed for the purpose

Application


One tim

e constant

IEC

61850: LPTTR

AN

SI:

26

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 38

Section

7

�N

umber of instances: 2-3 R

ET

�B

ased on current measurem

ent (I 2t) with

time constant (Tau) and a therm

al m

emory (�

)

�Tw

o heating (and cooling) time

constants and corresponding current base values (O

NA

N/O

NA

F)�

The choice is guided by the cooling input

�S

upervision and trip�

Start

�A

larm level (2 levels)

�W

arning output (time to trip)

�O

peration (trip) level

�C

ooling level (after trip)


Two tim

e constants

IEC

61850: TRP

TTR

AN

SI:

49

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 39

Section

7

�The pow

er system in m

any countries are utilized closer to the therm

al limits.

�P

rotection in general (distance protection, overcurrent protection etc.) are not suited to protect pow

er transformers against

thermal overload.

�The therm

al overload protection is specially designed for the purpose

Application


Two tim

e constants

IEC

61850: TRP

TTR

AN

SI:

49

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 40

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 2-3:

RE

T

�Function m

ode:

�C

urrent based

�C

ontact based

�A

daptive combination of current and contact

�O

ptional retripof ow

n breaker: �

With or w

ithout position check

�Increased security for backup trip

�1 out of 3 operating m

ode (phase currents)


ode (phase and residual currents)


ode

�V

ery short reset time enables short backup

tripping times (<15 m

s)

Breaker failure protection

IEC

61850: CC

RB

RF

AN

SI:

50BF

IEC

60617: 3I>BF

©S

A-T Training

Slide 41

Section

7

�N

ot feasible to duplicate the circuit breaker to fulfill the N

-1 criterion

�Instead a breaker failure protection is installed w

hich:

�D

etects the inability of a circuit breaker to react prom

ptly on protection tripping com

mand

�M

ay initiate retripof the circuit breaker

�Initiates tripping of all adjacent circuit breakers

Application

Breaker failure protection

IEC

61850: CC

RB

RF

AN

SI:

50BF

IEC

60617: 3I>BF

©S

A-T Training

Slide 42

Section

7

Param

eter settingB

reaker failure protection

IEC

61850: CC

RB

RF

AN

SI:

50BF

IEC

60617: 3I>BF

©S

A-T Training

Slide 43

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C

�O

vercurrent protection activated by a binary input (disconnector position)

�N

o time delay setting

�A

pplication

�The stub protection is introduced to protect the bay w

hen the line is taken out of operation.

�The protection is a substitute for the distance protection (voltage transform

ers on the line side)

Stub protection

IEC

61850: STB

PTO

C

AN

SI:

50STB

IEC

60617: 3I>STU

B

©S

A-T Training

Slide 44

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 2-

3: RE

T

�Function m

ode:�

Contact based �

One signal from

the breaker

�C

urrent based�

Supervises the unsym

metrical current

conditions on protected circuit continuously or

�in connection to breaker open/close (200 m

s)

�A

pplication�

Malfunction of a circuit breaker m

ight result in therm

al stress or unexpected tripping in adjacent bays/stations due to sm

all unsymm

etrical currents

�The reason could be m

echanical failure and result in pole discordance

Pole discordance protection

IEC

61850: CC

RP

LD

AN

SI:

52PD

IEC

60617: PD

©S

A-T Training

Slide 45

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C

�O

vercurrent protection activated at a m

inimum

operation level and detect unsym

metrical phase currents

�A

pplication �

The residual current protection might detect

an unsymm

etrical situation (a broken conductor) but this protection is not used everyw

here.

�A

n alternative to detect the broken conductor condition is to use the B

roken conductor check

Broken conductor check

IEC

61850: BR

CP

TOC

AN

SI:

46

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 46

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 1-

2: RE

T

�Tw

o independent steps

�C

alculation of power using 3-phase,

phase, phase-phase or positive sequence quantities

�S

ettings�

Percentage of base pow

er

�C

haracteristic angle�

Definite tim

e delay

�A

pplication�

Synchronous generators should not be running

as a motor, since this m

ight damage the turbine

Directional underpow

er protection

IEC

61850: GU

PP

DU

P

AN

SI:

32

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 47

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 1-2:

RE

T

�Tw

o independent steps

�C

alculation of power using 3-phase,

phase, phase-phase or positive sequence quantities.

�S

ettings�

Percentage of base pow

er

�C

haracteristic angle

�D

efinite time delay

�A

pplication�

Synchronous generators should not be

running as a motor, since this m

ight dam

age the turbine

Directional overpow

er protection

IEC

61850: GO

PP

DO

P

AN

SI:

32

IEC

60617:

©S

A-T Training

Slide 48

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 1:

RE

T

�Tw

o steps using the same relay

characteristic and operate angle

�E

ach step:

�C

urrent setting

�D

efinite time delay

�Forw

ard, reverse or non-directional

�P

ossibility to change sensitivity using binary input

Negative sequence based overcurrent function

IEC

61850: DN

SP

TOC

AN

SI:

46

IEC

60617: I2>

©S

A-T Training

Slide 49

Section

7

�In a healthy system

the amount of negative

sequence currents are very low

�The function is typically used as sensitive earth-fault protection of pow

er lines and cables

Application

Negative sequence based overcurrent function

IEC

61850: DN

SP

TOC

AN

SI:

46

IEC

60617: I2>

©S

A-T Training

Slide 50

Section

7

Voltage and frequency based functions

Relion®

650series

2 2 2 1 - 1 1 1

2 2 2 1 - 1 1 1

2 2 2 1 - 1 1 1

42

22

2R

ate-of-change frequency protection

44

42

2O

ver frequency protection

44

42

2U

nder frequency protection

--

-1

1Loss of voltage check

-1

1-

-O

verexcitation protection

21

11

1Tw

o step residual overvoltage protection

21

11

1Tw

o step overvoltage protection

21

11

1Tw

o step undervoltage protection

A07 2*OLTC

A05 3W

A01 2W

A07 BC AB

A02 AB

A01 A

A05 Moh

A01 Quad

Voltage and frequency based functions

RE

L650R

EC

650R

ET650

©S

A-T Training

Slide 51

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 1-2:

RE

T

�Tw

o steps using the same voltage input

�P

hase-N, D

FT or RM

S

�P

hase-Phase, D

FT or RM

S

�For each step: 1, 2 or 3 out of 3 low

voltages

�S

tep 1 definite or inverse characteristic:�

Definite tim

e delay

�Inverse characteristic A

or B

�S

tep 2: Definite tim

e delay

�A

pplication�

Undervoltages

may occur in pow

er system

s and action may be required.

�The function can be used for voltage supervision and control

Two step undervoltage protection

IEC

61850: UV

2PTU

V

AN

SI:

27

IEC

60617: 3U<

©S

A-T Training

Slide 52

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 1-2:

RE

T

�Tw


�P

hase-N, D

FT or RM

S

�P

hase-Phase, D

FT or RM

S

�For each step: 1, 2 or 3 out of 3 high voltages

�S


Definite tim

e delay


, B or C

�S

tep 2: Definite tim

e delay

�A

pplication�

Overvoltages m

ay occur in power system

s and action m

ay be required.

�The function can be used for voltage supervision and control.

Two step overvoltage protection

IEC

61850: OV

2PTO

V

AN

SI:

59

IEC

60617: 3U>

©S

A-T Training

Slide 53

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 1-2:

RE

T

�Tw


�3U

0calculated or separately m

easured

�S


Definite tim

e delay


, B or C

�S

tep 2: Definite tim

e delay

�A

pplication�

Residual voltage is an characteristic

indication of earth faults in power system

�A

dditional criterion for operation of other protections

�P

rimary or backup protection in high

impedance earthed system

s

Two step residual voltage protection

IEC

61850: RO

V2P

TOV

AN

SI:

59N

IEC

60617: 3U0

©S

A-T Training

Slide 54

Section

7

�N


ET

�Inverse characteristic according to IE

EE

�V

oltage measurem

ent from opposite side

of on-load tap changer

�S

ettings�

Relative overexcitation

�IE

EE

-time m

ultiplier

�A

larm level

�A

pplication�

Overexcitation (high voltage and/or low

frequency) could cause overheating, increase m

agnetizing current and vibration (noise) in transform

er

�The protection is intended to protect equipm

ent that could be exposed to harm

ful overexcitation

Overexcitation protection

IEC

61850: OE

XP

VP

H

AN

SI:

24

IEC

60617: U/f>

©S

A-T Training

Slide 55

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C

�O

ne definite time delay step

�A

ll 3 phase voltages must be low

before operation and the function m

ay be blocked due to:

�V

oltage circuit supervision

�B

reaker open

�A

pplication�

Autom

atic system restoration could be

used in the power system

.

�To get a w

ell defined situation before the restoration the loss of voltage check-function could be used

Loss of voltage check

IEC

61850: LOV

PTU

V

AN

SI:

27

IEC

60617: -

©S

A-T Training

Slide 56

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 4:

RE

T

�C

alculates system frequency upon

measured voltage

�O

peration when below

set frequency and elapsed tim

e delay

�B

uilt in restoration function, binary output set w

hen above set frequency and elapsed tim

e delay

�Function blocked at low

voltage

�A

pplication�

Deviating frequency is a result of im

balance betw

een load demand and production in a

system. S

ome action m

ight be necessary: �

Load shedding system

�P

roduction shedding system

�R

emedial action schem

es

�S

ystem restoration schem

es

Underfrequency protection

IEC

61850: SA

PTU

F

AN

SI:

81

IEC

60617: f<

©S

A-T Training

Slide 57

Section

7

�N


EL &

RE

C, 4:

RE

T

�C

alculates system frequency upon

measured voltage

�O

peration when above set frequency and

elapsed time delay


voltage

�A

pplication�

Deviating frequency is a result of

imbalance betw

een load demand and

production in a system. S

ome action m

ight be necessary:

�Load shedding system

�P


�R


es�

System

restoration schemes

Overfrequency protection

IEC

61850: SA

PTO

F

AN

SI:

81

IEC

60617: f>

©S

A-T Training

Slide 58

Section

7

�N


EL, R

EC

& R

ET

�C

alculates system frequency and rate-of-change

upon measured voltage

�O

peration when rate-of-change is outside set

value and elapsed time delay

�B

uilt in restoration function, binary output set w

hen above set frequency and elapsed time

delay


voltage

�A

pplication

�D

eviating frequency is a result of imbalance

between load dem

and and production in a system

. Som

e action might be necessary :

�Load shedding system

�P


�R


es

�S

ystem restoration schem

es

Rate-of-change frequency protection

IEC

61850: SA

PFR

C

AN

SI:

81

IEC

60617: df/dt<>

©S

A-T Training

Slide 59

Section

7

Documents

07 SEP-650 Common_Functions