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7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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Motherboard
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Motherboard
AKA:MainboardSystem board
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What is the Motherboard?
The main circuit board which
holds and connect all main
components of a computer
system
Mother of all components
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Motherboard Diagram
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Bus
In computer architecture, a bus is a
subsystem that transfers databetween components inside a
computer, or between computers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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AKA: Expansion bus
Connects external devices(Most Input/Output Devices, USB, etc)
External bus
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FSB (Front Side Bus)
System Bus of Intel-chip-based
Motherboards
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-
side_bus
FSB performance can be measured by
FSB Frequency (MHz), Transfers/Cycle,Bus Width and Transfer Rate (MB/sec)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bus7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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FSB Transfer Rates http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-
side_bus#Transfer_rates
Related component speeds
CPU
RAM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bus7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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Evolution
More modern designs use point-to-point
connections like AMD's HyperTransport and
Intel's QuickPath Interconnect (QPI).
These implementations remove thetraditional northbridge in favor of a direct
link from the CPU to the southbridge or I/O
controller
Therefore FSB is no longer used and
replaced by DMI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperTransporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperTransport7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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Chipset
A chipset or PC chipset refers to a
group of integrated circuits, or chips,
that are designed to work togetherusually marketed as a single product.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipset
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipsethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipset7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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Well known Chipset vendors
Intel, AMD, VIA, nVidia
More links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets#Core_i_Series_chipsets
Traditionally chipsets had two majorchips called Northbridge and
Southbridge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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Northbridge
Northbridge typically handles
communications among the CPU, in
some cases RAM, and Display controller
(PCI Express or AGP) and the
Southbridge
The high-speed part of a chipset and
interconnects the CPU to memory viaFSB
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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Evolution
With the AMD Athlon64 series CPU's, a newarchitecture was used where some functions of
the north and south bridge chips were moved to
the CPU. Intel followed suit with their Core i
series CPU's Due to the push for System-on-a-chip (SoC)
processors modern devices increasingly have the
northbridge integrated into the CPU die itself
For Intel Sandy Bridge and AMD Accelerated
Processing Unit processors introduced in 2011, all
of the functions of northbridge reside on the CPU
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_(integrated_circuit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_(integrated_circuit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chip7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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Southbridge
The southbridge typically implements the
slower capabilities of the motherboard in
a northbridge/southbridge chipset
computer architecture.
Handles most input/output devices
Southbridge communicates with CPU viaNorthbridge
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Evolution
As modern computers does not contain a
Northbridge, nowadays Southbridge
communicates with CPU directly
In Intel chipset systems, the southbridge is
named Input/output Controller Hub (ICH).
In AMD systems it is named as Fusion
Controller Hub (FCH)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I/O_Controller_Hubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I/O_Controller_Hub7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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A newer Motherboard (Core iX 3rd Gen) [NO Northbridge]
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A newer Chipset [NO Northbridge]. Intel Z77
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Difference between FSB and DMI
FSB DMI
http://www.basitali.com/2010/05/difference-between-fsb-and-dmi.htmlhttp://www.basitali.com/2010/05/difference-between-fsb-and-dmi.htmlhttp://www.basitali.com/2010/05/difference-between-fsb-and-dmi.html7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BIOS contents is stored on an EEPROM
chip
BIOS selects candidate boot devices using
information collected by POST and
configuration information from EEPROM,CMOS RAM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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BIOS, a set of computer instructions in
firmware that control input and output
operations
BIOS provides a way for programs and
operating systems to interact with input/output
devices. Variations in the system hardware are hidden
by the BIOS from programs that use BIOS
services instead of directly accessing the
hardware
BIOS Manufacturers
AMI, Award, Phoenix.. Etc.
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A BIOS settings menu
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UEFI
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
Successor of EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface)
UEFI is meant to replace BIOSfirmware interface
But in practice most (all!), most UEFI
images provide legacy support forBIOS services
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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UEFI
OS Support
Most newer OS support UEFI(Windows 8, Newer Linux Distributions etc.)
OS like Windows 7 support EFI, but not UEFI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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UEFI BIOS
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Form Factor
Form Factor decides many things
such as Casing Size and Powersupply type of a motherboard
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CPU Socket
CPU socket plays an important role in
Motherboards as it limit the CPU
support
More:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_socket
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_socket7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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RAM Type
RAM type also important
Normally a motherboard support only
single type of RAM (DDR2, DDR3)
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Expansion Slots +
PCIe and PCI slots
SATA, IDE ports
USB ports
Other
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References
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Compute
r+Motherboards
https://www.google.com/search?q=M
otherboard
https://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboard7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)
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Thank You!
Ayubowan!