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Introduction to Computers
Lesson 6A
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Different Kind of IS Resources :
Perangkat Keras ( Hardware)
Perangkat Lunak ( Software )
Data dan Informasi
Basis data ( Database)
Pengguna/ User ( Brainware)
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Before Operating System?
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The Operating System (OS)
The operating system (OS) is software
that controls the interaction between
hardware and user software
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Layanan sistem operasi
Layanan otomatis :
Alokasi sumber daya
Catatan pemakaian
Proteksi
Penanganan kekeliruan
Pindah baris,gulung jendela, dll
Layanan permintaan pemakai :
Pelayanan thd i/o device
Penanganan sistem berkas
Penanganan kegiatan muat (load) dan olah (run)
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Bagaimana sistem operasi
mengontrol aplikasi
Single usersingle task (exp.MS-DOS)
Single user - multi task (exp.Win 98)
Multiuser (exp.Win XP, Unix, Linux)
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OS and Computer System
TATA OLAH APLIKASI DAN BERKAS DATA
SISTEM OPERASI
SUMBER DAYA KERAS/SUMBER DAYA TEGAR
SISTEM UTILITASCth:konverter tataletak,media SISTEM BAHASA
Dimana tata letak SO pada
Sistem Komputer ?
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User Interface
The items you see on the computer
screen are the user interface
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Graphical User Interface (GUI)
A GUI is a user interface that is made
up of graphic objects instead of text
commands
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User interface os
User Interface/Shell/ Environment, ada 2 jenis:
CLI (Command Line Interface), semua
perintah harus diketik melalui keyboard,
contoh: DOS
GUI (Graphical User Interface), berbasisgrafis/gambar, contoh: MS-Windows
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Desktop
The computers main interface
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Icons
The graphic objects that you see on the
desktop are called icons
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Taskbar
The taskbar appears at the bottom of
the Windows desktop and lets you
launch and manage software programs
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Start Button and Start Menu
Click the Start button to open the Start
menu, which provides access to your
software programs
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Shortcut or Context Menu
Right-click on an object to access a
shortcut or context menu that has the
objects most-used commands
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Window
When a software program runs, it
appears in a rectangular frame, called a
window
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Parts of a Window
Title bar
Minimize, Maximize and Close buttons
Scroll barsToolbars
Menu bar
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Active Window
The window that is currently in use
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Menus and the Menu Bar
You choose some tasks from
commands in lists called menus,
accessed from the menu bar
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Dialog Box
Gives you choices for what you want
the software to do next
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File Management
Manage files by saving them in folders
in a hierarchical file system
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Utility
A utility is a software program that
enhances or extends the operating
systems capabilities
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Kinds of Utilities
Disk defragmenter
Data compression
BackupDisk management
Screen savers
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Introduction to Computers
Lesson 6B
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UNIX
Oldest operating system, developed by
Bell Labs in the 1970s
Still used today in insurance, medicine,
banking, manufacturing and Web
servers
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MS-DOS
Most popular PC operating system
during the 1980s and early 1990s, now
obsolete
Command-line interface
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Macintosh
Offered first graphical user interface
beginning in the mid-1980s
Still popular with publishers, multimedia
developers, graphic artists and schools
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Windows 3.X
Windows was Microsofts first graphical userinterface, introduced in the mid-1980s
Operating environment, not operating system,that ran on top of DOS
Windows 3.0 introduced in 1990 wasMicrosofts first successful version ofWindows
Windows 3.x refers to more than one memberof the Windows 3 family, now consideredobsolete
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OS/2 Warp
Graphical user interface developed in
1982 jointly by IBM and Microsoft for
Intel microprocessors
Now obsolete
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Windows NT
Introduced in 1993
Windows NT Workstation still used in
architectural firms, audio and video
production studios and graphics studios
Microsoft stopped supporting Windows
NT in 2001
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Windows 9X
Released in 1995, Windows 95 was the
first member of the Windows 9x family
Windows 98 considered to be an
upgrade of Windows 95
Released in 2000, Windows ME was
the last member of the Windows 9x
family, still widely used, but consideredby experts to be obsolete
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LINUX
Released in late 1990s
New version of UNIX
Distributed for free
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Windows 2000
Released in 2000
Combined the features of Windows 98
and Windows NT
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Windows XP
Released in 2001
Available in two editions: home and
professional
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Operating System
Basically OS can be grouped as :
Special/ Embeded Operating System
General Operating System
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Embedded Operating Systems
Built into an electronic devices circuitry
Found in devices such as PDAs
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Three most popular embedded
operating systems:Palm OS
Windows CE
Pocket PC OS
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JENIS-JENIS PROGRAM
APLIKASIUntuk pengetikan teks
Spreadsheet (pengolah angka)
Database Management SystemGraphics
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PERANGKAT LUNAK
PENGETIKANPengolah kata sederhana (text editor)
misalnya Notepad di MS Windows
Wordprocessor menyediakan fasilitas
lebih lengkap misalnya MS-Word,
OpenOffice (Writer)
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Spreadsheet Software
An application for entering, calculating,
manipulating and analyzing sets of
numbers
T l I l d d i th
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Tools Included in the
Spreadsheet InterfaceDocument window
Workbook
Worksheet
Menu barToolbar
Formula bar
Scroll bars
Status bar
Cell Click toEnlarge
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Cell
The intersection of a column and a row
You enter data into individual cells
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Cell Address
Spreadsheets use row and column
identifiers as the basis for cell addresses
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Value
An entered number or a result of a
computation
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Formula
Calculates numbers based on values or
formulas in other cells
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Database
A collection of related data or facts
D t b M t S t
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Database Management System
(DBMS)
A software tool that lets you store,
access and process data or facts into
useful information
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Important Database Terms
Fields
Records
Tables
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Two Kinds of Databases
Flat-file
Relational
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Flat-file Database
A database file that has a single data
table
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Relational Database
A database made up of a set of tables
A common field in two tables creates a
relationship between the tables
Th C t i f D t
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Three Categories of Data
Management
Entering data into the database
Sorting the data
Obtaining data subsets
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Query
User instructions that describe data and
set criteria for the DBMS, which then
constructs information based on the
instructions
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Ways to Perform Queries
SQL
Xbase
QBE
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SQL
English-like query language that lets the
user query a database without knowing
much about the underlying database
structure
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Query by Example (QBE)
Graphic query interface using a form or
a grid
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Software Term
Adware
Donationware
Beggarware
Nagware
Guiltware
Abandonware
Postcardware
Baitware (link to
merchant account)
Freesoftware
Shareware
Crippleware
Demoware
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Software Term
Firmware
Stealware
SpywareAd-aware
Malware
Trojan
Careware
Charirtyware