05.04.2004 | Slide 1

Waste Water Emissions in Austria

Challenges of Accounting

Michael Nagy

05.04.2004 | Slide 2

Contents of Presentation

Goals of Emission Indicators in Austria „Classical“ Policy Demands Nowadays Policy Demands Examples Outlook Conclusion

05.04.2004 | Slide 3

Goals of Emission Indicators in Austria

To answer national policy relevant questions: Status Trends Forecasts

Fulfillment of international reporting exercises: EU-Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive EU-Water Framework Directive EPER PRTR Eurostat / OECD Joint Questionnaire on Inland Waters ....

05.04.2004 | Slide 4

“Classical” Policy Demands

“Classical” indicators Population connected to collecting system and waste water

treatment plants Waste water quantities (m³) discharged (urban / industry) Organic pollutants (BOD / COD) discharged (urban / industry) Nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) discharged (urban / industry) (Dangerous substances)

“Classical” policy relevant questions: What is the % of population connected to collecting system and urban waste water treatment plants? Is pollution from urban areas and industry increasing or decreasing?

05.04.2004 | Slide 5

Characteristics of „Classical“ Waste Water Indicators

Focus on point sources discharging into surface waters

Policy relevant questions were related to the facts that: pollution of surface waters stemmed mainly from point sources big potential for improvement of treatment technologies and

production processes

Indicators were basis for regulations on limitation of discharged pollutants (production sector specific), investments, subsidies and other measures

Indicators were used for monitoring of progress and assessment of achievement of policy goals

05.04.2004 | Slide 6

„Classical„ Indicator: Connection Rate

47,9

57,9

71,075,7

81,586,0

30,0

50,0

73,5

80,9

86,0

k.A.

60,0

k.A.0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

100,0

1968 1971 1981 1991 1995 1998 2001

% o

f po

pu

latio

n

Connection to collecting system Connection to UWWTPs

Goal as defined in

90ies: achieved

05.04.2004 | Slide 7

“Classical” Indicator: Treatment Efficiencies and Discharges

294.863

551.486

44.270

7.02013.639

48.744

14.0031.164

-

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

BOD5 COD Nitrogen Phosphorus

Parameter

[t/a

]

Incoming Discharged

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Nowadays Questions (Examples) with Policy Relevancy

Which measures (as e.g. required according to EU-WFD) are the most cost-effective ones? What are the costs to reduce 1 unit of a pollutant discharged

from agriculture / industry / urban areas / ....?

What are the socio-economic effects of measures (to reduce pressures on waters caused by pollution)?

What are the socio-economic effects originating from polluted waters? Health of society Economic activities dependent from clean water: e.g. fishery,

drinking water production, tourism,... Other uncertain effects of loss of healthy environment

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Characteristics of nowadays Waste Water Indicators

Better consideration of diffuse pollution to consider ALL sources of pollution

Sector-specific aggregation link with economic indicators

Goals identify cost-efficient measures assess socio-economic effects monitor effects of changed production-technologies ...

05.04.2004 | Slide 10

NAMEA-Table Austria („Butterfly – matrix“ on direct discharges))

Beitrag zum BIP

Brutto- produktionswert Beschäftigte NACE Bezeichnung

Abwasser (belastet) CSB BSB5 TOC N NH4-N

m³/a t/a t/a t/a t/a t/a

50.446 77.526 179.368 01 Landwirtschaft, Jagd1)2.391.573 215 60 81 36.800 23.673

02 Forstwirtschaft1) in 01 enthalten 9.882 6.357

05 Fischerei und Fischzucht1) 365.000.000 500 250 100 64

655 1.208 955 10 Kohlenbergbau, Torfgewinnung2)6.242 1 0 0 0 0

3.077 11.419 2.370 11

Erdöl- und Erdgasbergbau, sowie damit

verbundene Dienstleistungen2)31.600 3 0 1 1 0

12 Bergbau auf Uran- und Thoriumerze

194 310 412 13 Erzbergbau2)3.840 0 0 0 0 0

4.332 8.145 4.742 14

Gewinnung von Steinen und Erden, sonstiger

Bergbau2)4.976.967 1 0 0 0 0

55.458 173.634 94.254 15Herstellung von Nahrungs- und Genussmitteln und Getränken 28.428.628 5.893 2.027 1.964 367 236

15.064 17.760 1.245 16 Tabakverarbeitung aus Datenschutzgründen nicht veröffentlicht

15.598 38.069 31.820 17Herstellung von Textilien und Textilwaren (ohne Bekleidung) 7.737.846 1.391 281 558 116 75

(in Mio. ATS, laufende Preise)

in 01 enthalten

in 01 enthalten

wird nicht abgebaut

.....

Economic indicators

Economic activities

Emissions

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COD Emissions (direct discharges)

CSB

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

01 02 05 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 40 41 45 50 51 52 55 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 70 71 72 73 74 75 80 85 90 91 92 93 95 99 H

NACE - Abteilungen

[t/a

]

Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Papier und Pappe

Haushalte

Abwasser- und Abfallbeseitigung und sonstige Entsorgung

Herstellung von Chemikalien und chemischen Erzeugnissen

COD

Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products (21)

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products (24)

Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities (90)

Households

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Share of COD emissions

Private Households43%

Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products

32%

Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities

5%

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products

5%

Rest15%

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Nitrogen Emissions (direct discharges)

Stickstoff

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

01 02 05 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 40 41 45 50 51 52 55 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 70 71 72 73 74 75 80 85 90 91 92 93 95 99 H

NACE - Abteilungen

[t/a

]

Haushalte

Landwirtschaft, J agd

Forstwirtschaft

Nitrogen (total)

Agriculture, hunting and related service activities (01)

Forestry (02)

Households

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Share of Nitrogen emissions

Agriculture, hunting60%Forestry

16%

Private Households15%

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products

4%

Rest5%

05.04.2004 | Slide 15

Chrome Emissions (direct discharges)

Chrom

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

01 02 05 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 40 41 45 50 51 52 55 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 70 71 72 73 74 75 80 85 90 91 92 93 95 99 H

NACE - Abteilungen

[kg

/a]

Metallerzeugung und -bearbeitungGlas, Steine und Erden

Textilien und Textilwaren (ohne Bekleidung)

Leder

Chrome

Manufacture of basic metals (27)Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products (26)

Manufacture of textiles (17)

Leather (19)

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Share of Chrome Emissions

Manufacture of basic metals34%

Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products

30%

Manufacture of textiles16%

Tanning and dressing of leather13%

Rest7%

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Data Collection

A lot of „historically grown” data collections exist: National Accounts Every-day water management National reports on the status of the environment International reporting obligations (WFD, UWWTD, EPER,...)

To further develop emission accounts1. Demonstrate usefulness to policy makers (e.g. for purposes of

EU-WFD)2. Use already existing data collections as far as possible (usually

legally binding)3. Modify data collections (and their legal basis) where this is

necessary (coverage, sector-specific aggregation)

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Outlook

Emission accounts project in 2006: Use of data of the Austrian Emission Inventory on Surface

Waters (developed according to EU-WFD, covers “significant” point sources and diffuse sources) for NAMEA-Water Emissions (2004-2005 data)

Develop methodology for consistent time-series based on WFD-data

Overall goal: Regular update on the basis of WFD-data

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Conclusion

Emission accounts are addressing nowadays policy-relevant questions

Existing data collection system is not very flexible – use of existing data sets as far as possible

Promotion of usefulness of (emission) accounts is very important: discussion of costs and benefits of measures discussion with different stakeholders (e.g. agriculture versus

industry as polluters of waters) monitoring of environmental efficiency definition of policy goals