05-Wellhead Xmas Tree

8/9/2019 05-Wellhead Xmas Tree

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1Network of Excellence in Training

Oil and Gas Well Completions

Tubinghead and X-mas tree

Ref: Well Completion and Servicing, by D. Perrin

pages 115 to 121


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Objectives

By the end of the session you will:

•understand and identify the various types andcomponents of the tubing head and X-mas tree

•understand the connection methods for sub-surface tools, such as hydraulic control lines

and electric cables

• know the function of the valves on a X-Mas tree

•have a basic understanding of the types offlange connections that can be found on the

wellhead / X-Mas tree


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Tubinghead and X-mas tree

Tubinghead

•Surface equipment from which the tubing issuspended

Xmas tree or valve array

•Used to control well during production•Mounted above wellhead•Typically sourced from same manufacturer

API Spec. 6A: Specification for WellheadEquipment


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Wellead ! "#P d$ring completion

Casing Head Housing

Casing Head Spool(s)

Tubing Head Spool

BOP's Stack


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Tubinghead Functions

Primary f$nctions of t$bingead

•S$spend t$bing %it anger

•Seal bet%een t$bing and ann$l$s

•Provide access ports to ann$l$s gaslift gas inibitor in&ection

circ$lating te %ell

•Provide mo$nting for adapter flange or 'mastree


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Tubing Hanger Types

•Threaded Hanger Flange–used in low pressure wells (e.g. Pumping wells)

•Boll Weevil Type

•Ram Type Tubing Hanger


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Network of Excellence in Training

Tubing Hanger Types

•Boll Weevil TypeTubing Hanger for Bowl Type Tubing Head.

–Less suitable to land tubing in tension


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"oll(Weevil type anger and o$sing

Hanger tie-down bolt

Seal

)$bing

*nn$l$s connection

"oll(Weevil


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Spool and +anger

Thread for plug or check valve


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+angers for D$al Completion


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Tubing Hanger Types

•Ram Type Tubing Hanger–allows free tubing manipulation to latch tubing in

tension


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Tubing tension hanger Cameron SRT

anger

rams

loc bolt


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Tubing Hanger/Xmas Tree Interface

Tubing hanger neckextends inside base ofXmas tree or adapter


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Adapter Flange

•Cross-over between tubing hanger spool and x-mastree

•It can receive the extended tubing hanger neck•Feed through for:– electrical cables (ESP or sensors)

– hydraulic controllines (sc-sssv)

–sensor lines etc


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Adapter Flange

+anger %it etended nec and controlline feed tro$g

Do$ble St$dded *dapter 0langeDS*0 %it controlline o$tlet


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Surface Wellhead Connectors


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)e completed %ell

Wellhead

Xmas TreeThe BOP's are removed

After the tubing is installed :

The X mas tree isinstalled to control theflow from the well


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Xmas Trees

Primary flow control system for well once inproduction

Features and access requirements

•Outflow from well - production•Inflow to well - injection or killing•Vertical access to tubing - wire line, coiled tubing


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Flanged Xmas Tree

Tree cap

Lubricator valve

Productionwing valve

Choke

Upper master valve(operational valve)

Lower master valve

(back-up)

Kill valve or servicevalve with blankplate during normal

service


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Xmas Tree Components

•Pressure gauges (accessory)

– safety hazard / potential wrong pressure readings

•Gauge flange or tree cap–provides seal for top of tree

•Lubricator valve–isolate pressure, well access for intervention tools

•Flow tee

–used to direct flow, enable thru-tubing access

•Production wing valve–used to isolate well for most routine operations


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Xmas Tree Components

•Kill wing valve–enables connection of pumping equipment

•Choke (accessory)–controls rate of flow from well

•Master valves (main isolation valves)–Upper Master Valve (operational valve),optional: hydraulic / pneumatic controlled

Surface Safety Valve–Lower Master Valve (back-up valve)

manually operated


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The stem rotates

The gate moes upand do!n

'(mas tree valve


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Choke

"ean

Cap


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Categories of Xmas Tree

Flanged tree

•Several flanged components– each connection is a potential leak path

•Much more common than monoblock design•More flexible than monoblock design

•takes up more space (height)

Monoblock construction tree

•Single block construction•Fewer possible leak paths•Used in high pressure/leak sensitive locations


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Monoblock Xmas Tree

Comprises inline or "Y" shaped block ofsingle casting/forging

Valving arrangement

•Lower Master Valve (manual)

•Upper Master Valve (Surface Safety Valve)

•Y piece or side outlet flanges

–houses both production and kill wing valves

•Uppermost valve (manual swab valve)


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Monoblock Xmas Tree

Tree cap and gauge

Swab valve

Production wing valve

Upper Master Valve

Kill wing valve

3o%er 4aster alve


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Well cluster in shallow water


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W-33 6/ C-33*R

* %ell cellar is aconfined space7


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Wellead, tree and flo% line %ic miss a fe% parts


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)ree oo($p


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Well head platform


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Multiple Completions

Cases where more than one completion

string installed

•Each string independently suspended

•Must seal off tubing casing annulus–either independently or collectively

•Independent control of fluid flow in each

string


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Multiple Completion Tree


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Xmas Tree Selection

-produce a listing of the parameters of theanticipated process or operating envelope

-Classify the Well Type

Water Well ( low or medium pressure, Rate )Oil Well (low, medium or high pressure, GOR, Rate )

Gas Well ( low, medium or high pressure, WGR, Rate)

This will be the basis for the design and theselection of equipment type and rating


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Xmas Tree Selection

Well Type Water Oil Gas

3000 3000 30005000 5000 50001000010000Rating (psi)

Tree Type

Flanged

Monoblock

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes


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KEYWORDS•tubing suspension

•annulus access•hanger flange

•boll weevil

•ram type•LMG, UMG, Swab valve

•production and kill wing valve

•surface safety valve•flanged and monoblock tree

•pressure rating


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END OF SESSION

Documents

05-Wellhead Xmas Tree