05 Envi Health Assmt 1

7/30/2019 05 Envi Health Assmt 1

1/31

S

APPLICATION OF AIR DISPERSIONAPPLICATION OF AIR DISPERSION

MODEL IN THE ENVIRONMENTALMODEL IN THE ENVIRONMENTALHEALTH ASSESSMENT OF ANHEALTH ASSESSMENT OF AN

INDUSTRIAL PLANT WORKERS & ITSINDUSTRIAL PLANT WORKERS & ITSENVIRONSENVIRONS

As presented to the

NNATIONALATIONAL OOCCUPATIONALCCUPATIONAL SSAFETYAFETY & H& HEALTHEALTHCCONGRESSONGRESS

OSHC October 2012

DR. MARIO B. SUMALINOGDTE, CE, REE,CSP, CFSP


2/31

I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Air is the most basic need of every human being.Unfortunately, with every breath we take, we alsoinhale a host of invisible substances that attackour health and well-being.Toxic air pollutants are poisonous substances inthe air that comes from nature (volcano eruption,

MJ Consulting Services 2

e c or man-ma e sources .e. c em cacompounds given off by factory smokestacks,vehicle emission, etc) and can harm your healthand the environment.


3/31

Invisible particulates and toxic fumes in polluted airare inhaled into the respiratory system. This canbring on any number of symptoms from irritationof the eyes and throat, dizziness, coughing,wheezing and shortness of breath to chronicphlegm, chest pains, allergies and respiratorydistress.

Lon term ex osure can eventuall lead to more

serious disorders such as sinusitis, bronchitis,chronic pulmonary disease, emphysema, high bloodpressure, lung cancer and heart ailments.



4/31

Pictures of human LungsPictures of human Lungs

Pictures of normal lungs

Picture of lungsdamaged by pollution

(cross section)

Fig. 2


pollution (right)

Fig. 1


5/31

Air Dispersion Modeling is a method of predicting

the ambient impact of one or more stationarysources of air pollutants using mathematicalsimulation of the physics and chemistry

overnin the trans ort dis ersion and

transformation of pollutants in the atmosphere .



6/31

Contaminants discharged and dispersed into the

air and are transported over long distances byairflows or turbulence, which mix contaminantswith clean air. This dispersion by the wind is aver com lex rocess due to the resence of

different-sized eddies in atmospheric flow.



7/31

II. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYII. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Foremost, this study will be a significant endeavor for

industrial plant owners and air pollutionmanagers/designers in assessing environmentalhealth in the workplace and its working environs. Thisresearch will also be beneficial to the Department of


managing existing emissions, and in determiningcompliance of emissions with air quality guidelines,criteria and standards for existing and in planningfuture plant facilities.


8/31

By forecasting pollution episodes, OccupationalSafety and Health Center (OSHC) can evaluatepolicies and mitigation strategies (e.g. the effectof emission standards) in order to eliminate ifnot minimize pollution problems in theworkplace.

EIA Scientific Tools and Techniques 8


9/31

3.1 Basics of Air Dispersion Modeling

A model is a mathematical description of themeteorological transport and dispersion processthat is quantified in terms of source (i.e. stackheight, stack diameter, exit gas temp & velocity, and

III. METHODOLOGYIII. METHODOLOGY

parameters (i.e. wind direction, wind speed, mixingheight, and atmospheric stability).

The resultant numerical calculations will yield

estimates of concentrations of the particularpollutant for specific locations. The results are thencompared to DENR-EMB Standards.



10/31

FIG.1 GENERIC OVERVIEW OF ANAIR DISPERSION MODEL



11/31

The following model equation (Sutton 1932) gives

the ground level concentration (X) of pollutant at apoint (coordinates x and y) downwind from astack with an effective height (H). The standarddeviations (Sy and Sz) are functions of the

downward distance from the source and thestability of the atmosphere.

The equation is as follows:

2 2

X (x,y,O,H) =

[E/ SySzU

] [exp

[-

(y/Sy

)]] [exp

[-

(Hs/z

)]]



12/31

where:X (x,y,0,H) = downwind concentration at ground level, g/m3

E = emission rate of pollutant, g/s

Sy,Sz =plume standard deviations, mu = wind speed, m/s

x,y,z and H = distances, m


exp = exponen a e suc a erms n rac e s,[ ]immediately following are powers of ewhere e = 2.7182


13/31

FIG. 2 A PLUME DISPERSING IN A NORMAL (GAUSSIAN)DISTRIBUTION



14/31

Fig. 3 Industrial Plant Base Map

Poblacion(approx. 2 km from

Smokestack)

PlantsSmokestacks

MJ Consulting Services

Objective: To determine if an industrialplants emission affects the workershealth and the environs. Assuming wind =6 km/h SW direction


15/31

3.2 Input Data (Source, Meteorological & Terrain)

Table No. 1 Summary of Boilers & Generators Emissions

PollutantsPollutants Boilers,Boilers,

g/sg/s

Generators,Generators,

g/sg/s

Total,Total,

g/sg/s

NONO22 10.0010.00 100.00100.00 110.00110.00

15

SOSO22 80.0080.00 10.0010.00 90.0090.00

TSPTSP 5.005.00 8.008.00 13.0013.00



16/31

ParameterParameter ValueValue UnitUnit

Emission RateEmission Rate 110.00110.00 gram/secondgram/second

Stack HeightStack Height 4040 metermeter

Stack Inside DiameterStack Inside Diameter 2.52.5 metermeter

Stack Gas Exit VelocityStack Gas Exit Velocity 2525 meter/secondmeter/second

Stack Gas Exit TempStack Gas Exit Temp 500500 KK

16

Ambient Air TempAmbient Air Temp 300300 KK

Atmosp Stability CondAtmosp Stability Cond Full MeteorologyFull Meteorology

FumigationFumigation ShorelineShoreline

TerrainTerrain FlatFlat

Table No.2 Data Input for Nitrogen DioxideTable No.2 Data Input for Nitrogen DioxideMJ Consulting Services


17/31







17





Table No.3 Data Input for Sulfur DioxideTable No.3 Data Input for Sulfur DioxideMJ Consulting Services


18/31







18





Table No.4 Data Input for TSPTable No.4 Data Input for TSPMJ Consulting Services


19/31

Fig. 4 Stages in Running the Model

Pollutants


DispersionModel


20/31

ChemicalChemical MaximumMaximumConcentrationConcentration

(ug/Nm3)

EMBEMB

Short TermShort Term

ExposureExposure

EMBEMB

Long TermLong Term

ExposureExposure

IV. RESULTS/ FINDINGSIV. RESULTS/ FINDINGS

4.1 Numerical Results

20

SOSO22 160160 180180 8080

NONO22 220220 150150 --

TSPTSP 2525 230230 9090



21/31

Graphical Plot of NO2 Concentration

vs. Distance

21MJ Consulting Services


22/31

Graphical Plot of SO2 Concentration

vs. Distance



23/31

Graphical Plot of TSP Concentration

vs. Distance

23MJ Consulting Services


24/31

Fig. 5 Pollution Concentration & Location (SW wind)



25/31

Fig. 6 Numerical Values



26/31

Fig. 7 Isolines/Isopleths

Smokestack


Fi 8 N i l V l (S i d M )


27/31

Fig. 8 Numerical Values (Super-imposed Map)



28/31

In terms of the DENR short-term exposure regulatorystandards, only SO2 and TSP met the requirements.

NO2 exceeded the allowable DENR-EMB standards. The air model obtained values for SO2, NO2 and TSP

are indicative of maximum air pollution concentration

V. HIGHLIGHTS OF DISCUSSIONV. HIGHLIGHTS OF DISCUSSION

28

,smokestack (outside of the plant/workplace).

Also, predicted pollution from emissions did not reach2,000 meters which is highly populated area

(Poblacion).



29/31

Fig. 9 Plant Elevation Layout

500 meters to fence



30/31

Engineering Controls Reduce the amount of processed materials or fuel

being burned in favor of cleaner methods ofproducing product or energy sources.

Install bag filters, electrostatic precipitators,scrubbers, cyclones, and other technologies in the

VI. RECOMMENDATIONS/VI. RECOMMENDATIONS/ CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

30

from the stack. Use of low sulfur fuel will definitely lower the level of

emission though it is cost prohibitive.

Personal Protective Equipment Control Use of PPEs such as dust mask or filtration

respirator; eye protector; gloves, hats; etc.



31/31

VII. REFERENCESVII. REFERENCES

Carrillo, J.Y et al. 2001. Use of Air Dispersion Modelto Determine SOx and NOx Emissions from aPetroleum Refinery Plant, Philippines.

Cartwright, T.J. 1993. Modeling the World in aSpreadsheet: Environmental Simulation on aMicrocomputer, USA.

Liu, D et al. 1997. Environmental EngineersHandbook. Second Ed.1997. USA

Sumalinog, M. B. 2006. Application of Screen ViewAir Dispersion Model in Estimating Air Pollutants. Adoctoral dissertation presented to MUST. Philippines.


Documents

05 Envi Health Assmt 1