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7/26/2019 04_tm2136en00en_wimax Phy and Mac Layer
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PHY and MAC Layer
TM2136 - WiMAX Introduction 1
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2
OSI Reference Model
MAC Layer Adressing
MAC-Frame
Management Functions
QoS Aspects
Privacy Sublayer
Basic rincip!es
"M rotoco!
PHY Layer
Modu!ation Met#ods $S"% QAM% &F'M(
'up!e) Mec#anism $F''% T''(
Table of Contents
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3
Communication according to
te OSI Reference Model
App!ication
resentation
Session
Transport
*et+or,
'ata in,#.sica!
App!ication
resentation
Session
Transport
*et+or,
'ata in,#.sica!'
irec
tcommunication
/irtua! Communication
0nd s.stem 0nd s.stem
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Sell!ty"e Structure of
te Communication Process
ReceiverTransmitter
# $ata # $ata
% # $ata % # $ata
& % # $ata & % # $ata
'
&
% # $ata ' & % # $ata
( ' & % # $ata ( ' & % # $ata
) ( ' & % # $ata ) ) ( ' & % # $ata )
* ) ( ' & % # $ata ) * ) ( ' & % # $ata )
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I+++ ,-).*% /
Protocol Stac0
T#e I000 standard 42516 speciies
Medium Access Contro! !a.er $MAC( and
#.sica! !a.er $78(
o i)ed oint-to-Mu!tipoint Broad9and Wire!ess Access $BWA(
s.stems pro:iding mu!tip!e ser:ices5
T#e MAC !a.er is structured to support M;TI0 #.sica! !a.er
speciications5
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6
I+++ ,-).*% /
PHY and MAC Overvie1
MAC
PHY
14 555 66 11
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?
4iMA5 6ridging 2unctionality
,-).*%
,-).)
,-).*%
,-).)
,-).(
,-).)
,-).(
,-).)
PPPo+
PPP
IP
,-).(
,-).)
Air Interace
4iMA5
6ase
Station
,-).(
,-).)
,-).(
,-).)
Trans"ort
7et1or0
,-).(
,-).)
PPPo+
PPP
IP
Subscriber
Station
;
'
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MAC$Media
Access
Contro!a.er(
Ser:ice SpeciicCon:ergence Su9!a.er
$CS(
Common art Su9!a.er$CS(
ri:ac.Su9!a.er
PHY$#.sica!
a.er(
78$#.sica! a.er(
I+++ ,-).*% /
Protocol Stac0
8ser Plane
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I+++ ,-).*% /
PHY and MAC Alternatives
PHY Alternatives
&F'M $Wire!essMA*-&F'M Air Interace(
26-point FFT +it# T'MA $T''@F''(
&F'MA $Wire!essMA*-&F'MA Air Interace(
24-point FFT +it# &F'MA $T''@F''(
Sing!e-Carrier $Wire!essMA*-SCa Air Interace( T'MA
MAC Overvie1
oint-to-Mu!tipoint
Connection-oriented
7ig#er a.er protoco! independent $I% 0t#ernet% ATM >( F!e)i9!e QoS oering
CBD% rt-/BD% nrt-/BD% B0% +it# granu!arit. +it#in c!asses
FFT Fast Fourier Transormation
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14
MAC Overvie1
Te MAC Layer9Media Access Control:
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11
MAC Overvie1
MAC independent o 78
' +or,s on a tM-9asis $sectori=ed antennae(
Connection-oriented
16 Bit Connection I' $CI'(
MAC co:ers *et+or, 0ntr. o SS
ro:ides QoS using sc#edu!ed ser:ice !o+s
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12
MAC$Media
Access
Contro!a.er(
Ser:ice SpeciicCon:ergence Su9!a.er
$CS(
Common art Su9!a.er$CS(
ri:ac.Su9!a.er
PHY$#.sica!
a.er(
78$#.sica! a.er(
CS / Service S"ecific
Convergence Sublayer
8ser Plane
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13
Ty"es of Convergence Sublayers
CS used to adapt #ig#er !a.ers to MAC
I000 42516 speciies t+o dierent Con:ergence Su9!a.ers
ATM CS $or ATM(
ac,et CS $or I% 0t#ernet(
ATM As.nc#ronous Transer Mode
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1
ATM CS
ATM CS P$8 HeaderATM CS P$8 Payload 9', bytes:
ATM CS PDU
T#ree &ptions or ATM 7eader
norma! ATM ce!! #eader $ 9.tes( transparent transmission o ATM ce!!s
suppression o /I $#eader si=e 3 9.tes( / s+itc#ing
suppression o /I and /CI $#eader si=e 1 9.te( /C s+itc#ing
7ote;
W#et#er or not pa.!oad #eader suppression $7S( is used% is signa!!ed at MAC connection
creation5 I suppression is used% /I@/CI can 9e reconstructed at t#e end o t#e peer%
t#roug# mapping o t#e CI' $see MAC-a.er(5
'; rotoco! 'ata ;nit
/I /irtua! at# Identiier/CI /irtua! C#anne! Identiier
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1
Pac0et CS
used or encapsu!ation o I or 0t#ernet ac,ets
a!!o+s #eader suppression $optiona!E(
7S $a.!oad 7eader Suppression( can 9e used
- 0t#ernet@I-7eader +i!! 9e suppressed
i 7S is used% t#en recei:er needs a mapping ta9!e or reconstructing
t#e origina! #eader
CID
(Connection ID)
Reconstruction
Rules
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16
MAC$Media
Access
Contro!a.er(
Ser:ice SpeciicCon:ergence Su9!a.er
$CS(
Common art Su9!a.er$CS(
ri:ac.Su9!a.er
PHY$#.sica!
a.er(
78$#.sica! a.er(
MAC /
Common Part Sublayer
8ser Plane
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1?
$o1nlin0 /
Point!to!Multi"oint Conce"t
' $BS - SS( operates an a tM 9asis $using sectori=ed antennae(
+it#in antenna sector 9roadcast $Gto a!!H(
SS c#ec, or CI'PtMP
9roadcast
9roadcast
9roadcast
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1
8"lin0 / Conce"t
; $SS - BS( is s#ared on a demand 9asis
rig#t to send
issued continous!. $;
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1
MAC P$8 2rame 2ormat
MAC Header
9e.g.
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24
MAC Header 2ormats
uest 96R: MAC Header
used 9. SS to reuest more 9and+idt# on ;
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HT $7eader T.pe( ? - 9uest Header:
Ty"e indicates su9-#eaders% e5g5 or ragmentation% pac,ing% etc5
CI$ $Connection Identiier(
&ptions e5g5 0C $0ncr.ption Contro!( i pa.!oad is enc- r.pted
CI $CDC Indicator( indicates CDC
L+7 $engt#( in 9.tes o t#e MAC '; inc!uding t#e MAC #eader
6R $Band+idt# Deuest( num9er o 9.tes o up!in, 9and+idt# reuested 9. t#e Su9scri9er Station
21
7T
T.pe
CI'
.
..
CI$7A4(
-0*
$7T4(
BD
$7T1(
Su9#eader
CDC
$optiona!(
on!. i 7AT4
Outloo0 of MAC Header
MAC P$8
MAC eader MAC "ayload
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22
doesnJt contain pa.!oad inormation
#eader !engt# 6 9.tes
T.pe
incrementa! reuest add BD 9.tes-to t#e reuirements or CI'
u!! reuest $ca!!ed aggregate( tota! num9er o BD 9.tes or CI'
BD indicates t#e num9er o 9.tes reuested
CI' indicates t#e connection or +#ic# t#e up!in, 9and+idt# is reuired
7I1$19it(
0C1$19it(
T.pe
$69its(
444444
increm
enta!
444441
aggreg
ate
7CS
$39its(
BD
$169its(
CI'
$169its(
MAC P$8 for 6and1idt Re>uest
MAC P$8 9% bytes:
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23
-
ossi9!e su9-#eaders $descri9ed 9. T.pe ie!d(
Fragmentation su9-#eader
ac,ing su9-#eader
Automatic Depeat Deuest $ADQ(
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2
Fragment Contro! $FC(L
First Fragment 14
Continuing Fragment 11
ast Fragment 41
;nragmented 44
2ragmentation and
2ragmentation Rules
MAC S';s $e5g5 I pac,ets( are
di:ided into one or more MAC ';s
Idea to reduce ris, o pac,et !oss Initiators BS or ' and SS or ;
t#e ragmentation must 9e acti:ed or
t#e speciic connection :ia signa!ing
2ragmentati
on rules
L FC Fie!d art o Fragm-entation su9-#eader
FC =10 FC =11 FC =11... FC =01
1st fragm. last fragm.
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2
Pac0ing variable lengt MAC S$8 into a single MAC P$8
S7 ac,ing Su9-7eader $2 9.tes(
i)ed !engt#
MAC S';
!engt# n
Pac0ing
ac,ing com9ines mu!tip!e #ig#er !a.er S';s
a!!o+s 9etter 9and+idt# uti!i=ation
Pac0ing fi@ed lengt MAC S$8s into a single MAC P$80 MAC S$8s
MAC7eader
0*nL,N
i)ed !engt#MAC S';
!engt# n
i)ed !engt#MAC S';
!engt# n
i)ed !engt#MAC S';
!engt# n
7S
-engt#c2
:aria9!e !engt#
MAC S';
!engt# c
0 MAC S$8s
MAC7eader0*NT.pe44441)9
7Sengt#a2 :aria9!e !engt#
MAC S';!engt# a
7Sengt#92 :aria9!e !engt#
MAC S';!engt# 9
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26
Automatic Re"eat Re>uest 9AR: Protocol
TC-!i,e re!ia9!e protoco! using AC"O operating on MAC !a.er uses s!iding-+indo+ $P o MAC S'; 9!oc,s +@o AC" is speciied( recei:er sends AC" or negati:e AC" message
re-transmission o !ost or errored 9!oc,s
AC" Ac,no+!edgement
*( *'
S$8B* S$8B)Frag 4 Frag 1 Frag 4 Frag 1
Frag 2 o S';P1 Frag 4 o S';P2
Detransmission o '; P2 1it rearrangement
ac,et '; P3
Frag 1 o S';P1 Frag 4 o
S';P2
Detransmission o '; P2 1itout rearrangement
& % # , *- ** *) *( *' *& *%
& , *- ** *) *)
&rigina! transmission
ac,et '; P
T+o consecuti:e S';s presented to MAC or t#e same connection
'; P1 ac,et '; P2
Frag 4 o S';P1 Frag 1 o S';P1 Frag 4 o S';P2
& % # ,
'; P3
Frag 1 o S';P1
, ,
*- *- ** *) *) *( *'
, , *- ** *) *) *( *'
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2?
MAC Adressing
Subscriber Station 9SS:
MAC-Address $ Bit(
used during initia! ranging process to esta9!is# t#e appropriate
connection or an SS
6ase Station 96S:
Base Station I' $programma9!e K 6 Bit(
Connection
Connection I' $CI' K 16 Bit(
used or user data connections and or managementconnections $9asic% primar.% secondar.(
-
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2
7et1or0 +ntry /
Subscriber Station InitialiDation
*: $L!Cannel SyncroniDation
SS searc#es or '-rames and s.nc#roni=es using pream9!e
): Initial Ranging
Setting sending parameters $po+er% code parameters% p#ase(
(: Ca"ability +@cange
Modu!ation met#od% coding rates% dup!e) met#od
': Autentication
0sta9!is#ing aut#entication and encr.ption
&: Registration
I-/ersion% ADQ parameters% !o+ contro!% error correction%: IP!Connectivity
Management connection 9et+een BS and SS
#: Creation of $ata Connection
,: Periodic Ranging
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2
Subscriber Station InitialiDation
Scan $o1nlin0
cannel
SyncroniDed
Obtain Parameters
Start initial Ranging
Connection allocation for initial ranging
4ait for 8L MAP to get contention slot
Ranging "assed
+@cange ca"abilities failed
+@cangeca"abilities
Autentication
Autentication failed
7egotiation ca"abilities
7ot SyncroniDedAutentication "assed
Registration failed
Registration
Registration "assed
IP connectivity failed
IP connectivity "assedCreate connection failed
IP connectivity
Create connection
Created connection
Periodic ranging
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7et1or0 +ntry /
*: $L!Cannel SyncroniDation
SS scans or a c#anne! in t#e pre-deined reuenc. !ist
$compare to WA*(
*orma!!. SS +i!! 9e conigured to use speciic BS $gi:en set o operationa!
parameters - reuenc.% po+er - +#en operating in a !icensed 9and(5
I SS inds ' c#anne!
s.nc#roni=es at 78 $detects t#e periodic rame pream9!e(
MAC !oo,s or 'C' and ;C' $to get inormation on modu!ation
and ot#er ' and ; parameters5
'C' ' C#anne! 'escriptor
;C' ; C#anne! 'escriptor
34
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31
7et1or0 +ntry /
): Initial Ranging
Sending Ranging Re>uest MAC Message $during initia! ranging inter:a!(
using minimum transmission po+er
I no response
SS sends t#e ranging reuest again using #ig#er transmission po+er
I SS recei:es response% response eit#er indicates
success% i5e5 SS is read. to send data on t#e ; or
po+er and timing corrections or SS
I response indicates corrections% SS sends anot#er ranging reuest
ater ma,ing t#ese corrections
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32
7et1or0 +ntry /
(: Ca"ability +@cange
SS sends a Ca"ability Re>uest Message to t#e BS t#is message descri9es capa9i!ities in terms o
supported modu!ation !e:e!s
coding sc#emes
coding rates
dup!e)ing met#ods
BS accepts or denies t#e SS% 9ased on its capa9i!ities5
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33
7et1or0 +ntry /
': Autentication
BS aut#enticates SS and pro:ides ,e. materia! to ena9!e data
cip#ering
SS sends to BS
X54 certiicate $pro:ided 9. SS manuacturer(
description o supported cr.ptograp#ic a!gorit#ms
BS
:a!idates identit. o SS
determines cip#er a!gorit#m and protoco!
sends an aut#entication response to SS
SS "eriodically perormes aut#entication and ,e. e)c#angeprocedures to reres# its ,e. materia!
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7et1or0 +ntry /
&: Registration
SS sends a Registration Re>uest Message to BS
BS sends a Degistration Desponse to SS
Degistration e)c#ange inc!udes
I :ersion support
ADQ parameters support
CDC support
!o+ contro!
ADQAutomatic Depeat Deuest
3
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7et1or0 +ntry /
%: IP Connectivity
SS starts $HCP to get I-address and ot#er parameters to
esta9!is# I connecti:it. $S*-mas,% deau!t gate+a.(
BS and SS maintain current date and time using
Time of te $ay "rotocol $DFC 6(
SS t#en do+n!oads operationa! parameters using T2TP
'7C '.namic 7ost Coniguration rotoco!
TFT Tri:ia! Fi!e Transer rotoco!
3
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36
7et1or0 +ntry /
#: Creation of $ata Connection
For "re!"rovisioned service flo1s% connection creation process
is initiated 9. t#e BS BS sends a d.namic ser:ice !o+ Addition Re>uest Message
to SS
SS sends a response to conirm creation o connection
7on!"re!"rovisioned service flo1s are initiated 9. t#e SS
SS is sending a d.namic ser:ice !o+ Addition Deuest Message
to BS
BS responds +it# a conirmation
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3?
oS in 4iMA5
WiMAX +or,s +it# a "olling!based MAC layer
more deterministic t#an t#e contention-9ased MAC
used 9. 42511
0ac# connection is associated +it# a sing!e
sceduling data service
eac# sc#edu!ing data ser:ice is associated +it# a set
o QoS parameters
I000 42516 speciies four ty"es of sceduling data
services
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3
Sceduling $ata Services
8
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3
Sceduling $ata Services
eac# ; connection is assigned to a ser:ice c!ass as
part o t#e creation o t#e connection
- see G*et+or, 0ntr.H description K GCreation o
'ata ConnectionH
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4
Service Classes for different Services
ac,et
C!assiier
ac,et
Deconstruct' Traic
rocessor
ac,et
Deconstruct
; BWDeuest
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1
Traffic $escri"tors in ,-).*%
Ma@imum Sustained Rate 9MSR:
ea, Inormation Date $ID( - speciied in 9ps +ire!ess !in, must 9e po!iced to c#ec, or conormance
$discard i MSD e)ceededE(
tolerated 9best effort:
Minimum Reserved Rate 9MRR:
Minimum Date reser:ed per ser:ice !o+ K in 9ps
a!so atenc.% itter according to Traic Contract
MDD
MSD guaranteed
!F oS guarantees
ma)5 !atenc.% ma)5 Nitter% Bit 0rror Date
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2
oS Parameter Set /
Service Class
0ac# Ser:ice F!o+ #as some assigned QoS parameters
speciies e5g5
ma@imum delay
minimum delay
6it +rror Rate 9default tresold; *-!%:
Service Classes or Service Class 7ames 9SC7: deine
a common set o QoS parameters
at Ser:ice F!o+ !e:e! QoS parameters o Ser:ice C!assescan 9e o:er+ritten
Ser:ice C!asses a!so used or billing
Gitter 9delay variation:
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3
Service 2lo1s
$ynamic Service 2lo1s using 42516 Management Messages
create a ne+ !o+ $'SA - '.namic Ser:ice Addition(
c#ange an e)isting !o+ $'SC - '.namic Ser:ice C#ange(
de!ete an e)isting $'S' - '.namic Ser:ice 'e!etion(
Static Service 2lo1s
pro:isioned t#roug# t#e net+or, management s.stem
7ote;T#ese mentioned protoco!s are critica! to carriers% as t#e. e!iminate t#e need
to sc#edu!e c#anges during a maintenance +indo+ and t#ereorereduce t#e mean time to pro:ision ne+ ser:ices5
T#e. a!!o+ pro:iders to add ne+ su9scri9ers% modi. traic contracts
and@or rec!aim resources on te fly +it#out interering +it# ot#er
e)isting su9scri9ers5
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+@am"le of a $ynamic Service 2lo1 /
Creation of a ne1 Service 2lo1 using $SA
'SA reuest $'SA-D0Q( can 9e initiated 9. eit#er t#e Base Station
or t#e Su9scri9er Station
'SA-D0Q rom Su9scri9er Station contains Ser:ice F!o+ reerence
and QoS parameters
Base Station $ater sending an 'SX-Decei:e message( responds
+it# 'SA-DS eit#er acce"ting or reecting t#e reuest
I reuest is reNected 9ecause o a non-supported parameter% t#at
speciic parameter ma. 9e indicated +it# t#e DS
SS
6S
$SA!R+
$SA!Ac0no1ledge
$S5!RE$
$SA!RSP
9IAcce"tJorIR
eHectJ:
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MAC Management Messages
Broad set o Management Messages $not a!! i)ed .etO I000 42516g(
carried in t#e pa.!oad part o t#e MAC ';
T#ree t.pes o MAC management messages are pair+ise $;@'(
esta9!is#ed 9et+een SS and BS $can 9e recognised 9. t#e user :ia CI'(
6asic Management Messages; s#ort% time urgent messages
Primary Management Messages; !ong and more to!erant messages
Secondary Management Messages; standard 9ased messages%
e5g5 '7C% TFT% S*M etc5
additiona!!. some t.pes o 9roadcast messages% e5g5 ;C'% 'C' etc5
'C' ' C#anne! 'escriptor
;C' ; C#anne! 'escriptor
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6
Management
Message Ty"e Management Message Payload
+@am"les for
MAC Management Messages
Sme exam!les:Ty"e Mess. 7ame Message $escri"tion Connection
4 ;C' ;p!in, C#anne! 'escriptor Broadcast
1 'C' 'o+n!in, C#anne! 'escriptor Broadcast
2 '-MA 'o+n!in, Access 'einition Broadcast
3 ;-MA ;p!in, Access 'einition Broadcast
11 'SA-D0Q '.namic Ser:ice Addition De5 rimar. Mgmt5
12 'SA-DS '.namic Ser:5 Add5 Desponse rimar. Mgmt5
13 'SA-AC" '.namic Ser:5 Add5 Ac,no+!edge rimar. Mgmt5
23 'BC-D0Q ' Burst roi!e C#ange Deuest Basic
34 'SX-D/' 'S) Decei:e Message rimar. Mgmt5
555 555 555
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?
MAC$Media
Access
Contro!a.er(
Ser:ice SpeciicCon:ergence Su9!a.er
$CS(
Common art Su9!a.er$CS(
ri:ac.Su9!a.er
PHY$#.sica!
a.er(
78$#.sica! a.er(
Privacy Sublayer
8ser Plane
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Privacy Sublayer
Autentication
Autorisation
+nca"sulation 9+ncry"tion:
Key Management
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Privacy Sublayer
AutoriDationControl
KeyManagement
+AP+nca"sulationPKI!6ased
Autentication
PKM Message Layer
"I u9!ic "e. Inrastructure
"M u9!ic "e. Management
0A 0)tensi9!e
Aut#entication rotoco!
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+nca"sulation Protocol
0ncr.ption ser:ices deined as set o capa9i!ities +it#in
t#e MAC ri:ac. Su9!a.er
0ncr.ption is a!+a.s app!ied to t#e MAC '; pa.!oad
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1
Privacy Key Management
Privacy Key Management Protocol 9PKM: used 9. Su9scri9er Station
to o9tain aut#ori=ation rom Base Station
to o9tain traic ,e.ing materia! rom t#e Base Station to support periodic re-aut#ori=ation and ,e. reres#5
"M uses
X54 digita! certiicates Ru9!ic "e. InrastructureO DFC 2
u9!ic "e. 0ncr.ption
strong a!gorit#ms to perorm ,e. e)c#ange 9et+een SS and BS
$e5g5 0A-A"A% 0A-MSC7A:2(
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2
Initial AutoriDation
Base Station aut#enticates a Su9scri9er Station during t#e
Initial AutoriDation "rocess
0ac# Su9scri9er Station carries a uniue X54 digita! certiicate issued 9.t#e Su9scri9er Stations manuacturer5 T#is digital certificate contains
Su9scri9er Stations u9!ic "e.
Su9scri9er Station MAC address5
Initial AutoriDation
SS presents its digita! certiicate to BS
BS :eriies t#e digita! certiicate% using t#e :eriied u9!ic "e. to encr.pt t#e
Aut#ori=ation "e.
Aut#ori=ation "e. sent 9ac, rom BS to reuesting SS
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3
Re!AutoriDation $periodica!!.% ater ac#ie:ing initia! aut#ori=ation(
to reres# aging encr.ption ,e.s
*ote
At a!! times t#e Base Station maintains t+o acti:e sets o ,e.ing materia! per
su9scri9er station5 T#e !ietimes o t#e t+o generations o:er!ap suc# t#at eac#
generation 9ecomes acti:e #a!+a. t#roug# t#e !ie o it predecessor and e)pires
#a!+a. t#roug# t#e !ie o its successor5
Re!AutoriDation
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,-).*% Security Conce"t Overvie1
Subscriber
Station
6ase Station3
RA$I8S 9$IAM+T+R:
Client
RA$I8S
9$IAM+T+R: Server
0A Met#ods $e5g5 0A-MSC7A:2(
+AP over RA$I8S3$IAM+T+R
PKM3+AP 1it A+S
-Authentication (Initial Auth./Re-Auth.)- Encryption
0A 0)tensi9!e Aut#entication rotoco!
A0S Ad:anced 0ncr.ption Standard
MSC7A MicroSot C#a!!enge 7ands#a,e
Aut#entication rotoco!
DA'I;S Demote Aut#5 'ia! In ;ser Ser:ice
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PHY / Pysical Layer
Te PHY Layer9Pysical:
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6
MAC$Media
Access
Contro!a.er(
Ser:ice SpeciicCon:ergence Su9!a.er
$CS(
Common art Su9!a.er$CS(
Securit.Su9!a.er
PHY$#.sica!
a.er(
78$#.sica! a.er(
PHY / Pysical Layer
8ser Plane
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?
PHY Overvie1
*- / %%
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PHY Mecanisms
O2$M9A: ac#ie:es #ig# data rate and eicienc. 9. using
mu!tip!e ort#ogona! $o:er!apping( carrier signa!s
9. using mu!tip!e carriers reliable communication can 9e maintained
,ind o carrier redundanc. $i one carrier is interrupted some ot#ers sti!!
can 9e used(
S"ectral +fficiency 9no5 o 9its carried 9. t#e c#anne!( & bits3HD
i5e5 ?4 M9it@s o usa9!e data in a 24 M7=-c#anne!5
Ada"tive Modulation and Coding $AMC(
dependent on ua!it. o signa! $9ased on S*D(
&F'M$A( &rt#ogona! Freuenc. 'i:ision Mu!tip!e)ing $Access(
S*D Signa! to *oise Datio
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O2$M 6asics
Freuenc.
A ma)imum o one carrier reuenc. !ies precise!. at t#e =ero position
o a!! ot#er carrier reuencies in t#e reuenc. range
T#e reuencies do not interere +it# eac# ot#er
&:er!a.ing o t#e reuencies in t#e same reuenc. range is
possi9!e
- Band+idt# Sa:e
Amp!itude
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Com"arison O2$M ! 2$M
6 Su9scri9ers
2re>uency
64
6 Su9scri9ers
2$M 1it % Sub!carriers
O2$M 1it % Sub!carriers
Saved 2re>uency9?6and1idt:
Saved 2re>uency9?6and1idt:
2re>uency
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61
O2$M 6asics
42516 preerred &F'M mode reuires 26 point FFT &ptiona! &F'MA +it# 24 point FFT
Ad:antage 0specia!!. suita9!e or *&S $mu!tipat#
en:ironment(
FFT Fast Fourier Transormation
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62
)&% O2$M
Cannels
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63
Cannel
6and1idt
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6
SO2$MA
Sca!a9!e &F'MA
+i!! 9e imp!emented +it# 42516e
a!!o+s reduction o FFT si=e $rom 24 to 12(
9and+idt# range 152 K 24 M7=
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6
Modulation Metods
modu!ation o su9-carriers
PSK; Pase Sift Keying
AM; uadrature Am"litude Modulation
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S*D Signa! *oise Datio
66
Ada"tive Modulation and Coding 9AMC:
Modu!ation and Coding is adapted to signa! strengt# $S*D(
6PSK
S7R ? % d6
PSKS7R ? d6
*% AM
S7R ? *% d6
%' AM
S7R ? )) d6
Tries to use most
eecti:e modu!ation
met#od
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6?
Modulation Metods
Amp!itude
Pase Sifting Keying
BS"
QS"
16 QAM
#ase
#ase
uadrature Am"litude Mod.
6 QAM
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6
+@am"le for $ata Rate $e"endency
on Modulation Metod
Cannel siDe9MHD:
6it rate9Mb3s:PSK
6it rate9Mb3s:*% AM
6it rate9Mb3s:%' AM
24 32 6 6
2 4 4 124
2 5 56 135
*ote Frame 'uration 1 msec
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6
2$$
$L
8L
2re>uency
Time
T$$2re>uency
Time
8L $L 8L $L
2re>uency3Time $ivision $u"le@
For separation o
users in &F'M
' and ; 2$$; ; and ' transmissions are simu!taneous use dierent seuences
T$$ ; and ' transmissions occur at dierent times 9ut ma. s#are t#e
same reuenc.
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?4
O2$M 2rame Structure for T$$
2rame n
' 78 ';Contention
Initia! ranging
Contention
Band+idt#
reuest
; 78 ';
rom SSP1
; 78 ';
rom SSPn
ream9!e FC7 ' 9urst P1 ' 9urst Pn
'F MAC ';s'-MA% ;-MA%'C'%;C'
MAC
';sMAC
';sA'
MAC 7eader MAC pa.!oad CDC
ream9!e ; 9urst
2rame n*2rame n!*
Time
$L subframe 8L subframe
FC7 Frame Contro! 7eader
'F ' Frame rei)
'C' ' C#anne! 'escriptor
;C' ; C#anne! 'escriptor
Bra"#ast messages Un$#ast message
fr $n"$%. SS
...
...
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?1
I+++ ,-).*%e
I+++ ,-).*%e
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?2
I+++ ,-).*%e /
Mobile +nancements
MAC and 78 0n#ancements $S&F'MA(
o+er consumption reduction
7and-& $7and-o:er(
25 Douting
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?3
I+++ ,-).*%e /
Mobile +nancements
Po1er Consum"tion Reduction
SS oten +i!! use Batter. o+er
Introduction o t+o modes or t#e SS
A1a0e!mode and Slee"!Mode
A1a0e!mode SS is recei:ing and
transmitting ';s in a norma! +a.
Slee"!Mode a!!o+s t#e SS to po+er
do+n5
S!eep-inter:a!
istening-inter:a!
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?
Te Slee"!Mode
7otification of 7O
a1aiting P$8s
6S
6S
6S
SS
SS
SS
Slee" Interval
2inisedSlee" Interval
2inised
4or0ing
Mode
Slee"
Mode
N
N
ND
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?
Te Slee"!Mode )
6SSS
Slee"
Mode
N
N
ND
7otification of 7O
a1aiting P$8s
6SSS
6SSS
Slee" Interval
2inisedSlee" Interval
2inised
Return to
4or0ing
Mode
6uffering P$8s
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?6
I+++ ,-).*%e /
Mobile +nancements
Callenges for Hand!Off
O"timiDe L) and!off
Provide trigger to L(
Allo1s mobile SS to move efficiently bet1een 6Ss
Smootes 6S transitions 1it minimal loss of P$8s
2ast 6S transition to guarantee oS
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??
I+++ ,-).*%e /
Mobile +nancements
Communication !in, 9et+een termina! and Internet must 9e preser:ed
I address s#ou!d sta. t#e same e:en i a termina! is mo:ing
SS 6S
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?
TC
I
25 AB0
0T7
78
I+++ ,-).*%e /
Mobile +nancements
I+++ ,-).*%e "ro"oses to use L).& label to set u" tunnel 9"at:
com"aring to MPLS
S1itcing faster tan Routing
oS "ossible
3
La
b
e
l
S
1
i
t
c
i
n
g
2
1
M