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Integrated Concepts for Smart Cities Workshop ‚Innovative space-based solutions for Future Cities‘July 8-9 2014, Vienna
Tanja Tötzer Klaus Steinnocher, Daiva Jakutyte-Walangitang, Hans-Martin Neumann
Why is there a need for smart city concepts?• In the Smart Cities Initiative the European Commission proposes:
• “to progress by 2020 towards a 20 % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through sustainable use and production of energy”,
requiring • “systemic approaches and organizational innovation, encompassing energy
efficiency, low carbon technologies and the smart management of supply and demand.”
Fossile fuel emissions/02-2009 in kg/m2/monthSource: http://www.carbones.eu/wcmqs/product/maps/
Key elements of a smart city
3
Source: Based on Risø Energy Report 10, 2011
Active buildings
Energy supply technologies
Smart energy grids
Low carbonmobility
Urban energy planning
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Smart City sectors
Smart Mobility Networks
Active Buildings
Urban Energy Planning and Optimised Supply Technologies
Optimised Industrial Processes and Technologies
Urban Planning
New Business Models
ICT
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Technological research questions
The density of the current transmission grid*)
Source: JRC (2014): 2013 Technology Map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan
*) Note: It includes the high voltage lines over 220 kV and the Member States’ interconnectors.
Transmission Grid
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Regional costs for energy generation vs. installed capacitiesSource: EWI 2010: European RES-E Policy Analysis
Technological research questionsRenewable energy generation
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Multiple Smart City concept definitions
Varying emphasis on the core characteristics of Smart City
Key Smart City development objectives: from static to dynamic systems and networks from consumers to prosumers from single technologies to integrated systematic solutions
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Integration of processes, concepts and technologies• processes (e.g. policies, urban planning, infrastructure planning,
financing and stakeholder processes)• concepts (e.g. energy efficiency measures; decentralised and centralised
energy production strategies for heat, cold, electricity and fuels; mobility, waste and water strategies)
• technologies (e.g. CHPower, heat pumps, solar PV and thermal collectors, smart electrical and thermal network components)
Use of Information and Communication Technologies for• optimized design and operation of the urban energy systems • the communication between technologies • monitoring the performance of the Smart City • the communication with end energy consumers
Smart City pillars
9
Present sectoralapproaches
State of the Art
URBAN PLANNING
ENERGY
BUILDINGS
MOBILITY
INDUSTRY
Integrated Approach
Smart City approaches
10
Processes
ConceptsTechnologies
Energy producedin and for cities
The Smart Cities concept
Takes the holistic approach, considering urban complexity
Focuses on energy systems (demand, supply, distribution, storage) and resulting carbon emissions
Takes into account interactionsbetween energy and mobility, water, waste, the quality of life of its citizens and socio-economic conditions within the city
Transient thermal building simulation
Using Geographic Information Systems
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Tageszeit
fläch
enbe
z. e
lekt
r. Le
istu
ng [W
/m²]
mittlerer Tagesgang
Öffnungszeit Schließzeit
Wind and microclimatic simulation at
neighbourhood scale
Assessment and monitoring of
energy systems at neighbourhood
scaleThermal simulation of district energy
systems(district heating and cooling)
0102030405060708090
100
ohne EE mit PVmin
mit PVmax
mitPV+Wind
min
mitPV+Wind
max
mit STmin
mit STmax
Prim
ären
ergi
ebed
arf (
nich
t ern
euer
bar)
[k
Wh P
E_N
E/m
².a]
Szenario PE AT, ohne FK Szenario PE AT, mit FKSzenario PE EU, ohne FK Szenario PE EU, mit FK
Providing scientific planning support for urban energy planning
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Large scale framework conditions
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• A city’s geographic situation and climatic context — influencing the amount of energy required for heating, cooling and lighting;
• Demographics — the size of the population influences the demand for space and services;
• Urban form and density — sprawling cities tend to have higher per capita emissions than more compact ones;
• The urban economy — types of economic activities and whether these emit large quantities of greenhouse gases;
• The wealth and consumption patterns of urban residents;Source: UN HABITAT, Global Report on Human Settlements 2011
Factors that influence the urban emission profile and energy consumption
Eurostat
Urban footprint (DLR); Urban fabric types and microclimate response(UFT ADI)
UFT-Adi Urban fabric types and microclimate response - Assessment and Design Improvement
1314.07.2014
Reference project
Clusteranalysis
From spatial and statistical indicators to cluster types
and scenario calcuationshttp://urbanfabric.tuwien.ac.at/index.php/de/
14
• geoland 2 – spatial planning (urban footprints and urban growth)• (http://www.gmes-geoland.info/service-portfolio/spatial-planning-products.html)
geoland 2Reference project
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• Eurostat-project• Population density grid of Europe based on administrative statistics and EO derived
built-up information layers
Pop_Grid _EuropeReference project
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• LISA – Land information system Austria (http://www.landinformationsystem.at )• Urban Structure and function based on EO and statistical information
LISA
Salzburg
Reference project
AIT Austrian Institute of Technoloyyour ingenious partner
DR. TANJA TÖTZER T +43(0) [email protected]
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHEnergy DepartmentSustainable Buildings and CitiesGiefinggasse 6 | 1210 Vienna | Austriahttp://www.ait.ac.at
DR. KLAUS STEINNOCHERT +43(0) [email protected]