03 Rig Processes

8/8/2019 03 Rig Processes

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RIG PROCESSESRIG PROCESSES

Drilling, Coring, DirectionalDrilling, Coring, Directional

Drilling & Survey.Drilling & Survey.

Tripping, Wash & Ream, Fishing.Tripping, Wash & Ream, Fishing.

EE-- Logging.Logging.

Casing & Cementing.Casing & Cementing. Perforating &Testing.Perforating &Testing.

Acidizing & Fracturing.Acidizing & Fracturing.



Drilling & CoringDrilling & Coring

Normal Drilling.Normal Drilling.

Coring; Convetional Coring:Coring; Convetional Coring: Core headCore head

core barrelcore barrel



TrippingTripping((Pulling out or running the string in hole ))((Pulling out or running the string in hole ))

Normal tripping.Normal tripping.

Tight Hole.Tight Hole. Wash and Ream.Wash and Ream.

Normal Drag.Normal Drag.

Overpull.Overpull.

Twist off.Twist off. StuckStuck

FishingFishing



II. Stuck pipeII. Stuck pipe

Drilling stringDrilling string

cannot be raised,cannot be raised,

lowered or rotate.lowered or rotate.



Mechanisms of stuck pipeMechanisms of stuck pipe

Differential Stuck.Differential Stuck.

Wellbore Geometry.Wellbore Geometry.

Hole packing off.Hole packing off.



A. Differential Stuck A. Differential Stuck

Sticking of pipe against a permeableSticking of pipe against a permeableformation as the result of the pressure of formation as the result of the pressure of the mud in the hole exceeding the borethe mud in the hole exceeding the bore

fluid pressure.fluid pressure.





Key SeatKey Seat

Causes:Causes:

Abrupt change in Abrupt change inangle or direction inangle or direction in

soft formations.soft formations. High string tensionHigh string tension

and pipe rotationand pipe rotationwears a slot into thewears a slot into the

formation.formation. While POOH the drillWhile POOH the drill

collars jam into thecollars jam into theslot.slot.



Formation cuttings cavings or medium to largeFormation cuttings cavings or medium to large

pieces of hard formation, cement or junk settlepieces of hard formation, cement or junk settle

around the drill string and pack off/bridging thearound the drill string and pack off/bridging the

annulus.annulus.

Settled cuttingsSettled cuttings

Shale instability +Shale instability +

Unconsolidated formationsUnconsolidated formations Fractured formationsFractured formations

Cement related.Cement related.

Junk.Junk.

C. Packing Off & BridgingC. Packing Off & Bridging



Settled Cutting Straight HoleSettled Cutting Straight Hole

Causes:Causes:

Low annular velocityLow annular velocity

and/or poor mudand/or poor mud

properties.properties.

When circulation isWhen circulation is

stopped, thestopped, the

cuttings fall backcuttings fall back

down the hole anddown the hole andpack off the drillpack off the drill

string.string.



Settled Cutting Deviated HoleSettled Cutting Deviated Hole

Causes:Causes:

Drill cuttings settle onDrill cuttings settle on

the low side forming athe low side forming a

cutting bed.cutting bed.

The cutting bed buildsThe cutting bed builds

and slide down hole.and slide down hole.

While POOH theWhile POOH the

cuttings is draggedcuttings is dragged

upward by the BHAupward by the BHA



ELECTRIC LOGGINGELECTRIC LOGGING

Logging While Drilling (MWD).Logging While Drilling (MWD).

Post Drilling EPost Drilling E-- Logging.Logging.

GammaGamma

ResistivityResistivity

Neutron Density.Neutron Density.

Sonic.Sonic.



ResistivityResistivity

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0.1 1 10

RILD (ohm.m)

T V D (

NCT

Top

Overpressure

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

100 1000Sonic (usec/m)

T V D (

Top of

Overpressure

NCT

response

in casing

Cycle

Skipping

SonicSonic



Casing is steel pipe

placed in an oil or gas

well at the end of every drilled phase,

and then cemented in

place prior to striating

drilling the lower

smaller hole section.

CASINGCASING



Function Of CasingFunction Of Casing

Printing hole from caving or collapsingPrinting hole from caving or collapsing

Privinting loss of drilling fluids into weakPrivinting loss of drilling fluids into weak

formations.formations. Isolate troublesome formations.Isolate troublesome formations.

Prevent communication betweenPrevent communication between

formations.formations.

Provides means of extractingProvides means of extracting

hydrocarbonshydrocarbons

Provides a means of support for theProvides a means of support for the

wellhead equipment.wellhead equipment.



Casing AccessoriesCasing AccessoriesCentralizers:Centralizers: attached to the casing and

since they have a bowed springarrangement keep the casing centred inthe hole after it is lowered in. Centralised

casing can make for a better cement joblater.



ScratchersScratchers Float collarsFloat collars



CementingCementing



Well CompletionWell Completion

± ± Completing the well & Setting ProductionCompleting the well & Setting Production

Casing.Casing.

± ± Perforating production casing.Perforating production casing.

± ± Drill Stem Test (DST).Drill Stem Test (DST).

± ± Acidizing.Acidizing.

± ± Fracturing.Fracturing.

± ± Installing the Christmas Tree.Installing the Christmas Tree.



THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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03 Rig Processes