03 Introduction to Pneumatics 2

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Intro to Pneumatics

Presented by Jon Pannell


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Lesson Breakdown:

Part One: Lecture covering: What are Pneumatics

What is a system and what is it made of

Applications

Advantages and disadvantages

Calculations with Pneumatics

Part Two: Hands on lab and

experimentation


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What are Pneumatics?

Pneumatics is a type of power

transmission that uses a gas ( in our case,

air) and pressure differential to create

movement.

Akin to Hydraulics, hydraulics use oil,

water, or other fluids instead of gases.


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The Pneumatics System:

A System is a complete set of partsworking together.

Our systems usually contain :A compressor Storage tanks

Regulators

Gauges

Valves and solenoids

Actuators

Fittings and tubing


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The Pneumatic System


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Parts of the System Pt.1

The compressor: Heart of the system.

Converts electricalenergy to pneumaticpotential.

Contains a relief valveprotects compressorand system from

overload Controlled by a Spike

relay


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Parts of the System: Pt. 2

Air tanks: Stores pressure to

activate actuators

Our robots can have upto 2 (included in the KOP)

Pressure Switch: Used to signal Robot

Controller when to turn on

and off compressor


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Regulators:

Adjust pressure output to

working levels for actuators

2 types : Relieving and Non- Relieving

Fittings:

Quick release and pipethread.

Pipe thread requires Teflon

tape


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FittingsConnection and Disconnection


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Valves and Solenoids: Used to control actuators

Types:

Double Solenoid (detented)

Single Solenoid (spring offset)


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So, how do we hook up a solenoid?


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Actuators

Linear Often called

cylinders can be made to

perform complex motions

by using mechanicalcomponents

Rotary

Limited Rotation

Self-contained

Rack and pinion or lever Air Motors or turbines

Clamps


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ActuatorsOperation with Flow Controls

Operation

Typically Flow Controls are mounted between the valve and

the cylinder as close to the cylinder as practical.

The check valve permits free

flow into the cylinder fromthe valve and metered flow

from the cylinder to exhaust


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Advantages of Pneumatics

Complete kit

Weightequal or lighter thancomparable alternatives

SimpleReview the manual that

comes with the pneumatic kit

and youre ready to go

StrongForce from 9 lbs to 180 lbseasily adjustable

Adjustable Force Different bore cylinders

change the available force

and

By adjusting the appliedpressure you can instantlyadjust the force

DurableNo burned up motors stallwith no damage

Easy to expand onceinstalled


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Disadvantages for Pneumatics

Initial weight cost is high ~15lbs

Requires fine tuning for optimum use

Limited uses with larger actuators


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Applications

Pneumatics are good

for straight

movements, but, with

the right linkage canbe used for rotation or

other movements.


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Calculations:

Output force isdetermined by: Bore or diameter

Pressure over ambient

Cylinder Force Push Force = x

cylinder radius2 xPressure (psig)

Pull Force = PushForce - x rod radius2

x Pressure (psig)


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Tips & Tricks Minimize Leaks (better

yet, remove themcompletely) by carefuluse of teflon tape andcareful assembly oftubing and fittings.Teflon tape should start

two threads back andwrap in the direction ofthe threads.

With no movementtaking place thecompressor shouldcharge the tanks andthen shut off. It shouldnot restart until a valveand cylinder is operated

Use the Compressor

Vibration Isolators.The Compressor is areciprocating deviceand will causesympathetic vibrations

throughout yourassembly unless theyare used.

When ordering custom

cylinders, use extremecare on the form,bothon the address andmodels ordered


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Tips & Tricks Pressure Switch must be

used as inputs to the

controller. They cannothandle the amperage ofthe compressor.

The Norgren Regulator

should be first with theMonnier unit used afterthat if needed.

Make sure you haveadequate pilot pressure

(30 psi) for the valves.

When using the doublesolenoid valve, energizeonly coil one at time.

Fittings are not requiredin the exhaust ports

unless the circuit requiresthem.

Always stay clear ofcylinders in motion. Untilcompressed air is beingmetered, flow controls dolittle to control speed.

Download additionalcopies of the pneumaticmanual fromwww.PneumaticsFIRST.org


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Resources:

First Pneumatic Presentation 2004

http://www.bimba.com/products/prod7.htm

http://www.teamdavinci.com/understanding_pneumatics.

htm
http://www.bimba.com/products/prod7.htmhttp://www.bimba.com/products/prod7.htm

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03 Introduction to Pneumatics 2