03. Evolusi Dan Pengertian Teknologi

EVOLUSI DAN PENGERTIAN TEKNOLOGI

Jenis & Klasifikasi TeknologiTingkat Teknologi

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http://ebookbrowse.com/03-evolusi-dan-pengertian-teknologi-ppt-d420035061

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TIPE TEKNOLOGI

Materials Technology Production Technology Transportation Technology Testing Technology Processing Technology Machining Technology

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

a. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam peralatan

b. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam produk

c. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam proses

d. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam operasi

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (1) New technology: new introducted or

implemented technology (explicit impact on the way a company produces products or provides services)

Emerging technology: not yet fully commercialed but will become so within about five year

High technology: refers to advanced or sophisticated technologies

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (2) Low technology: refers to

technologies that have permeated large segments of human society

Medium technology: refers to mature technologies

Appropriate technology: used to indicate a good match between the technology utilized and the resources required for its optimal use

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (3)[BERDASARKAN UNSUR]

Unsur: proses-proses teknis yang terdapat secara khusus pada sesuatu bidang

Lima Unsur Teknologi:(1) Tecnology of energy conversion and

utilization: Major types of energy useful to man Devices & techniques for the utilization of energy Devices for energy conversion Devices for energy concentration & control Devices for unlimited production of energy

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(2) Technology of tools & machines

Hand tools Machines & machine components Machine tools: stationary power-driven

machines for shaping & forming parts made of metal or other materials

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(3) Technology of measurement, observation & control

Theory of measurement Units & standards of measurement Principles & processes by which instruments of measurement

operate Common types of measuring instruments Special instrument & apparatus used in scientific research Major systems of measurement & observation Instrumentation & control systems

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(4) Technology involved in the extraction & conversion of industrial raw materials

The world’s physical & biological resources

Technology of the extraction industries Primary conversion of raw materials

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(5) Technology of industrial production processes

Materials processing: the operations that are used to transform industrial materials from a raw-material state into finished parts or products

Metallurgy Materials handling in the production

process Technology of packaging

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (8)[BERDASARKAN BIDANG]

Bidang: berbagai kebutuhan manusia, tujuan, barang & jasa yang mendatangkan kemajuan teknologi

Delapan bidang pokok teknologi:

(1) Construction technology General building construction Construction of civil engineering works Pre fabrication & shop fabrication

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(2) Technology of major industries

Principles of organization of work & production Manufacturing industries The fabrication industries The process industries The construction industries The service industries The merchandising & marketing of consumer goods Industrial research & marketing of consumer goods Industrial research & development Technology of industrial safety

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(3) Technology of agriculture & food production

Technology of agriculture Crop farming, Flock & stock farming Technology of hunting & fishing Food processing, Food preservation Techniques for controlling the quality of food Food sources & new product development The history of agriculture

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(4) Transportation technology

Roads & highways & their construction Vehicles & devices for transportation across

country & roads & highways Rail transportation Stationary conveyance systems Water transportation Air transportation Air - cushion machines

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(5) Technology of information processing & of communications systems

Communication & information theory Calculating devices, Office machines, Computers General information recording devices Sound recording & reproducing devices Information recording by the production of visual image: the

technology of photography Information processing Major systems of communication Major system of detection & remote sensing Electronic component & techniques used in communications

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(6) Technology of the urban community

Basic engineering services of the city Technology of the basic social services

of the city Technological responses to new urban

problems History of city engineering

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(7) Military technology Offensive & defensive delivery & payload

systems Logistic systems Purely defensive equipment & systems

(8) Technology of earth & space exploration

Techniques & equipment of surface & underground exploration

Techniques & equipment of space exploration Techniques & equipment & space exploration

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TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI Parker (1982): 6 tingkat teknologi yang

berhubungan dengan pengembangan produk baru. Tingkat 1: repetitive, simple & general

(craftsmen) Tingkat 6: formulasi unambiguous highly

technological goals, new knowledge, complex systems, sophisticated tools of measurement, analysis of abstract thinking.

Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol (9 tingkat).

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TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI: KEMAMPUAN KONTROL

Orders of Automatio

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Human attribute replaced Examples

A(0) None: Lever (pengungkit), screw (skrup), pulley (katrol), wedge (baji)

Hand tools, manual machine

A(1) Energy: muscles replaced Powered machine and tools. Whitney’s milling machine (giling)

A(2) Dexterity (tangkas) : self-feeding

Single-cycle automatics

A(3) Diligence: no feedback Repeats cycle; open-loop machine control; automatic screw machine; transfer lines

A(4) Judgment: positionalFeedback

Closed loop; numerical control; self-measuring and–adjusting

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Orders of Automatio

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Human attribute replaced Examples

A(5) Evaluation: adaptive control deductive analysis: feedback from the process

Computer control; model of process required for analysis and optimization

A(6) Learning: by experience Limited self-programming expert systems

A(7) Reasoning: exhibits intuition; relates causes from effects

Inductive reasoning; AI

A(8) Creativeness: performs design unaided

Originality

A(9) Dominance: supermachine; commands others

Machine is master (Halfrom”2001, A Space Odyssey

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03. Evolusi Dan Pengertian Teknologi