Assignment 5

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SOCI 3731A Fall 2015

Dr. Roness

December 15, 2015

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Table of Contents

section name page number 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………..3

a. Definition…………………………………………………………………………………………….3b. The Importance of Communities…………………………………………………………..3c. Inventory of Vulnerable populations in the Tantramar Region………………4

2. Description of the Issue…………………………………………………………………………………..6a. What is the flood concern in the Tantramar region?............................................7b. The social costs……………………………………………………………………………………7c. The economic costs………………………………………………………………………………8d. The physical costs………………………………………………………………………………..8

3. SWOT Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………….….…94. ASET Map……………………………………………………………………………………………………...115. Vision…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..126. Objective………………………………………………………………………………………………...……127. Ethics principles…………………………………………………………………………………..……….138. Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………………149. Workplan…………………………………………………………………………………………..………….1710. Consultation questions……………………………………………………………………….....……….1911. Project Evaluation……………………………………..……………………………………..…………….2012. References……………………………………………………………………………………………….……21

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Introduction

The main purpose of the participatory action research consultation plan is to answer the three

research questions outlined by the Tantramar Research Vulnerability Committee. This document

outlines the steps that will be taken in order to execute the research needed to answer these

questions in addition to background information needed. Some of this includes, a list of

vulnerable populations from within the region, an ASET map, a SWOt analysis, and a work plan.

Definition

A vulnerable population is a group of people that are more at risk to disasters and or are more

disadvantaged in certain areas compared to the average person or groups. The groups may be

disadvantaged in ways such as mobility, language barriers, and access to important resources

such as food and water.

The Importance of Communities

In chapter fifteen of Social Vulnerability to Disasters, Jenkins talks about the two ways that a

community can respond to a disaster. The first model is called the therapeutic community. It

relates to the importance and the roles that communities play in supporting vulnerable

populations both in the short term and long term include the fact that these communities "can be

turned into a united community of survivors with a shared history…they can increase feelings of

social bonding and group culture, and be ‘therapeutic' for a community" (Jenkins, 404). This

leads to overall a positive experience that carries over into both short and long term for years to

come. Being therapeutic means offering healing and assisting with health issues that individuals

especially those in particular who may be vulnerable may face. Communities can be therapeutic

in ways such as having mutual long term benefits for the community, as well as healing qualities.

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The second type of community that can emerge after a disaster is referred to as a corrosive

community. Being a corrosive community means that people may experience damage caused by

those in the community who are not helpful to those in need. Communities can not support for

reasons such as “a loss of trust" and this can lead to ". . .loss of charity, concern, empathy, and

recovery resources" (Jenkins, 405). Communities can support by having concern, empathy and

charity that Jenkins discusses. The author also says, "As victims and survivors fight for scarce

resources and debate recovery options, community conflict emerges" (Jenkins, 405). This leads

to the community not working together in the time that they may need each other more than ever.

Inventory of vulnerable populations that exist in the Tantramar Region

Senior citizens from these organizations may be vulnerable to flooding because their

resources such as medications, glasses, pets they consider to be companions within their

respective homes will be damaged. Senior citizens, especially those who may be elderly

they may not be able to have the capability or funds to help with damage caused by

flooding. What do you mean by helping with damage? People in nursing homes are

residents/patients. Are they expected to help clean up? What is the nature of their

vulnerability?

First Nations may is vulnerable to flooding because they are a minority. Is that the only

reason? And a minority in what sense? This means that they a small group and often do

not get the assistance needed in certain situations. Also, because they are a minority the

majority often misunderstands them. What do you mean? Their voices often go unheard

and, as a result, they often suffer because of this. How does being misunderstood or

ignored affect vulnerability?

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People with Disabilities and Mobility Issues: those that may have disabilities that affect

their motor skills and day-to-day functions who are living in the Tantramar region. The

types of people who use the shuttle cannot drive themselves around because of health

issues and complications. These people are vulnerable to flooding because their

respective mobility issues and conditions, for example paralysis, and cerebral palsy are

examples of people who may use this service. These vulnerable individuals will have

trouble getting to the places they need to go. If sidewalks and main roads get even

somewhat flooded, services that these people may depend on will not be necessarily able

to assist them to relocate or get to destinations safely post flood.

Children - are vulnerable to flooding because there is a risk of them not having a safe

place to go to if their place of care has unsafe or dirty conditions.

Those with Mental Health Issues - who may be suffering from mental illness who depend

services are vulnerable to flooding because these people with more severe illnesses may

not be able to get the services they need from professionals.

Low Income - Those who need food assistance, such as food banks and may be living off

of a low income may be vulnerable to flooding because if their food supply is affected,

the people that depend on them may suffer from starvation and will have no place to turn

to get a decent meal for themselves and their families.

Patients who are in a hospital because of an illness or serious injury are in serious trouble

if their region happened to be flooded. For example, if their technology is affected,

Hospital staff will not be able to help people within their hospital and incidents that may

have been caused by the flooding outside the hospital may be left lined up at the door.

Other reasons for their vulnerability include the fact that they are dependant on food

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services from the hospital as well as medications administered by the hospital. Some of

them may be on IV drips.

Inmates from the Dorchester Prison are vulnerable to a flooding incident because if they

would ever need to evacuate the prison from a flood, there is the issue of relocating the

inmates and making sure none of them are able to flee. They tend to be far from social

supports and sometimes can’t function well in mainstream society

Students from Mount Allison University are vulnerable to flooding because multiple

students attend the University from all across Canada and beyond. Housing for students

will be an issue if residences are flooded. Their semester may be terminated or cancelled.

Their immediate vulnerabilities are food, and shelter. If classrooms and residences were

affected, students would have to turn to the community for help, they would depend on

the assets the region has to offer. Depending on the extent of the damage, there is also the

question of what happens to the rest of the semester in regards to classes if buildings are

ruined. Students immediate vulnerabilities are food, water, shelter and safety.

Residents of a transition houses may be vulnerable to flooding too. If they had to leave

the property due to damage, they may have nowhere safe to turn to for themselves.

Depending on the severity of the situation, they may be in extreme danger if they are

faced with the prospect of finding shelter for themselves. They may also be in danger of

coming into contact with a dangerous, abusive former partner. Sometimes the

vulnerability was not clear.

Description of the Issue

In this section, the flood concern in the region will be explained as well as the economic,

social and physical costs of flooding.

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What is the flood concern in the Tantramar Region?

The flood concern is that even a small amount of water could put the Tantramar region in

danger. Part of the reason why the region is extremely vulnerable to flooding is because some

locations within the Tantramar region have been resistant to plan ahead in the event of a flood.

Currently, there is no disaster plan in place if one happens. Anxiety is growing in regards to

vulnerable populations in the Tantramar region if a flood were to actually happen (Assignment

Description). In particular, the Tantramar region is in danger because of the marsh area that is

currently protected by a group of dykes. The land in very flat, any amount of significant water

increase has the chance to flood a large part of the Tantramar region (Planning for Climate

Change, p. 1). Since the region has no plan in place, this means that if a flood were to occur,

which is quite likely, several groups would be in danger and unable to get help because of lack of

prior planning.

Another alarming thing to note is that according to a graph in another document “Sea Level

Rise”, The predicted average sea level rise in New Brunswick is expected to be a hundred

centimetres by the year 2100 (Sea Level Rise and Flooding, pg. 3).

The Social costs There are multiple costs to society. Vulnerable populations, in the Tantramar region may be

affected by things such as water supply, contamination, and pipe damage (Sea Level Rise, p. 8).

In regard to health and safety, chemicals, wastewater in addition mould and fungi are another

concern (Sea Level Rise, p. 8). The environment is also another aspect that is in danger when a

flood occurs for example, “. . . salt water marshes provide many ecosystem services including

water filtration, flood protection, carbon sinks, and they are home to rich sources of biodiversity”

(Examining Community Adaptive Capacity . . ., p. 23). The authors also notes that since

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wetlands are important to the area, there culture will be impacted because the Tantramar region

takes extreme pride in their surrounding environment. For example, the Waterfowl Park in

Sackville is beloved and cherished by many local citizens as well as Mount Allison students. It

would be very heartbreaking for the community if this were to be affected (Examining

Community Adaptive Capacity . . ., p. 24).

The Economic costs

The “overall expected economic loss from climate change impacts on the New

Brunswick/Nova Scotia Transportation Corridor is $8.971 million per year . . .” (Environmental

Trust Fund.). This means that if flooding does occur, and highways get flooded roads cannot be

accessed. This prevents good and services from being shipped and sold, people from getting to

their jobs, which they may commute to, and people travelling from major cities, like between

Halifax and Moncton will be affected.

In one document about concerning economic evaluation, authors point out that there are both

indirect and direct economic effects that arise from climate change. Indirect effects “are

associated with consumers of transportation services such as households and economic sectors

other than transportation. Households mostly consume passenger transportation services while

economic sectors mostly consume freight transportation” (economic evaluation document, p.

10). Some direct effects includes the “production of transportation services” (economic

evaluation, p. 10). This means that transportation of goods and services being delivered to the

region would come to a halt, as well as those who may commute to their place of work.

The Physical costs One major physical cost in particular to flood damage in the Tantramar region is

infrastructure. One document notes that, “Among these areas of vulnerability are transportation

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infrastructure that is critical to the movement of people and goods between the provinces of New

Brunswick and Nova Scotia” (environmental trust fund). Buildings and Infrastructure are in deep

trouble, because ‘worst case floods’ will become even larger over time. “Potential impacts” of

these floods include: “Damage to roads and culverts: wash-out of roads and other access points

may slow emergency response”, “damage to buildings and property: insurance is not offered for

flood damage from storm surges. Increasing costs of repair must therefore come from property

owners . . .” (Sea Level Rise and Flooding, p. 8). The areas most at risk in the town of Sackville

include: Lorne Street, The Highway, culverts, and Agricultural Land (Planning for Flood

Catastrophes). For example, if an elderly couple is living on Lorne Street, and their property

floods, they must use their own funds to fix up the damage done. This is just one example, and

the rest of the Tantramar region is in similar danger, the example used here od Sackville is

merely an example.

Conclusion

In conclusion, there are multiple social, economic, and physical effects that will be impacted

by potential floods. The Sackville region is in particular trouble because of low lying areas

around town, little to know awareness of the potential risk by citizens, and dependence on

transportation for economic, social, and physical needs.

SWOT Analysis and Asset Map

SWOT Analysis Below there is a SWOT analysis that focuses on the benefits of doing a participatory action research with vulnerable populations about flood issues.

Strengths- With PAR, there is an increased awareness of the issue at hand.- Many useful, diverse methods can be used. There is a wide range of tactics (Stoecker 31). This means that many different approaches can be used to collect research during this process.- Sometimes the research becomes dramatic and intimate, leading to great results (Stoecker 29).

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- Researchers can sometimes be distrusted; PAR may be able to help with this by involving the community and building relationships so that they will realize researchers can be trusted- PAR can “capture citizens insights and incorporate them” (Thomas et al. 425), while also allowing for custom agenda and schedule setting for participants (Stoecker 40).- With PAR, there is “knowledge of both human and physical assets that are available for use” (Thomas et al. 425).- With PAR, needs of individuals in the community can be heard and focused on.- The participants who use PAR know themselves best (Stoecker 35), leading to better methods used.- With PAR, the vulnerable populations can express what they need most, giving them a role and voice

Weaknesses- There is a lot that can go wrong with participatory action research, since the community is involved. For example, if the community is not invested in the research, results can be skewed and the methods used need to make sense (Stoecker 28).- Sometimes with PAR, it is hard to organize and schedule everyone (Stoecker 30). For example, the community may be too busy to get data (Stoecker 34), and staying connected is time consuming (Thomas et al. 425).- Sometimes participants can be “dispassionate and distant” (Stoecker 42) This means that community members may not be keen in opening up about research, their trust needs to be earned.- PAR can be very expensive. - There can be a risk disenfranchisement for community members. This means that community members may have the rights altered during the research process.- If the PAR research has a tight timeline, this can put a strain on the community and its involvement. - The community’s trust may be hard to earn. It may take time.- Research gathered may not be valid (Stoecker 29) and bias may be questioned. - Vulnerable populations may not be willing to share their needs in the event of disaster, such as a flood.- Vulnerable populations may not know about the issue, and find it quite overwhelming- Some of the vulnerable populations may have uncommitted members, affecting the research and data gathered.- There may be a lack of understanding about the issue between or from the vulnerable populations.

Opportunities- People from the community are able to guide the research while building relationships with each other.- PAR can support community change, it allows for leadership roles and decision making.- A trend that could help out PAR with vulnerable populations and such is Social Media to help spread the word of the research being done.- Word of mouth can also encourage people to become involved with PAR.- Through PAR, the Tantramar Regional Vulnerability Committee can learn what dangers the vulnerable populations may face in the event of a flood, this will allow the TRVC to

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learn and plan ahead from the research gathered, in addition to the knowledge gained throughout the process.- Through PAR, the vulnerable populations can strengthening community and regional ties in addition to fostering new or frayed relationships between vulnerable groups.

Threats- Sometimes the community can be a tough crowd (Stoecker 31). This means it may be difficult to get them involved in the research processs.- Uninformed people on the issue of flooding can cause problems and issues to arise between participants such as swaying them to believe there is no risk of flooding in the Tantramar region. Naysayers who challenge the issue of flood research may pollute minds and disagree with process- If pre-research completed is non-effective, that can have negative results (Stoecker 31). - If outreach from outside organizations is being done, this can negatively affect the process (Stoecker 33).- The community may decide not to participate or may even lack the capacity to participate (Stoecker 41).- Accountability on community members may cause problems with PAR (Stoecker 41). If community members make commitments and do not follow through with them, this sets the schedule and timeline of the workplan behind.- Grant funding may be an issue (Stoecker 35). PAR is not considered a valuable research method and committees may be hesitant to supply money for it.- If the community misinterprets PAR as service project (Stoecker 42) this could get the wrong types of people involved, and miss valuable and needed participants.- Academic journals tend to not take PAR seriously (Stoecker 42) This means that the completed research may not be able to reach as big of an audience as you had originally hoped.- As a researcher, your outsider association may affect the work being done in the community, especially if things are not taken seriously (Stoecker 41).- Accuracy of research because of unskilled community workers may result in useless data (Stoecker 42).-There may be a clash of vulnerable groups during the PAR process, which may negatively affect data.- With the various groups and backgrounds involved in the research, planning events and times that work for everyone in addition to transportation can be difficult.

Asset Map

My asset map uses a web approach, which clearly explains what resources are available for

using PAR with vulnerable populations that are prone to disasters like flooding. It is separated

into nine different categories that branch off into the resources available throughout the

Tantramar region. It is color-coded for the sake of easiness to both read and follow. The different

colours in the asset map have no specific meaning. They are merely used to help differentiate the

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sections on the map. By the asterisk and ‘gifts of individuals not included’ I am accounting and

including things that individuals may bring to the table. For example, we may have plumbers and

emergency medical technicians in the area that can use their services to help in the event of a

flood. Also, general skilled strong individuals who know their way around tools can be another

example of gifts people may possess. By old buildings what I mean is they are considered assets

because they have lasted for a number of years and still have little to no signs of wear and tear.

This means that although they sound expensive and hard to maintain, they are not.

Vision

The vision for this project is to answer the three research questions set out by the committee in

order to have a better understanding of the community needs. This will be achieved by drawing

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on the resources in the community using participatory action research. We hope the research

gathered can be used going forward as a model for other communities.

Objective The objective of this project to prepare a plan and process to assist vulnerable

populations in the Tantramar region in the event of a flood. In order to achieve this

objective it will be necessary to complete the phases in the workplan including facilitated

public consultations, asset identification, and preparation of a final report, potential

avenues of assistance. It is anticipated that the entire process will take place between the

months of January to June 2016, with a follow up process taking place in September 2016.

Ethics Principles

The committee will undertake the following to ensure that all participants involved in the

research process are treated in a fair, equitable and just manner. Informed consent will be

collected from all participants taking part in any of the research activities. It is important to note

that consent will be given voluntarily, and will be an ongoing process. Also, if a participant

withdraws from the process at any time, they have the choice to request their data be removed

also (p. 26). This means that participants can choose to withdraw from the process at anytime

they wish even after the project is underway. Undue influence, coercion, and incentives are and

will not be used during this process (p. 27). All processes and procedures executed during this

project will be as confidential as possible, although participants need to understand that

authorities will be contacted if information resulting in harm to oneself or others arises. All data

including documented consent, will be kept offline in a locked office, with a backup of all

information in another secure location (p. 32). The guidelines for this project are based on the

principles of respect for persons, concern for welfare, and justice (p. 6). Informed consent, as

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outlined above are a crucial part of the research process. This “will help to build and maintain the

trust of participants and the public in the research process” (p. 9). We understand that

participants in this process may be in vulnerable circumstances and therefore we “may require

greater effort to minimize risks to participants and/or to maximize potential benefits” (p. 38).

Both decision-making capacity and guidelines for consent in the case of an individual medical

emergency will be taken into account. Privacy, confidentiality, security, and identifiable

information will all be handled in a professional and respectful manner, that is to say that no

information will be identifiable to any individuals in the final research product. Information will

be safeguarded to protect and prevent indivusals (p. 62). Also of note is that the respect for first

nations, inuit and metis governing authorities will be taken into account. Respect for community

customs and codes of practice (p. 122) will be followed. As article 9.12 outlines, we will be

using a participatory approach and the “level of ongoing engagement desired by the community”

will depend on “community context”, our aim is for nothing less than “mutually respectful and

productive relations” (p. 128). Furthermore, we recognize the role of elders and other knowledge

holders in the indigenous communities. Before research is finalized in June 2016, the

interpretation and dissemination of research results as outlined in article 9.17 will be followed

and reviewed (Tri- Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans).

Methodology The following methodology outlines the essence of the project that will be undertaken. Phase

one involves the project consultant getting the provision of documents, and orienting the

committee to carry out the work plan. Phase two involves the Tantramar Vulnerability Protection

Committee, the TVPC, holding a committee public meeting to appoint a lead by majority vote.

The lead will be responsible for a variety of the tasks and overviewing the research process. This

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will allow the community to have a representative to make sure their major concerns are being

heard. What do you mean? The lead would not be a representative of the community. Wouldn’t

s/he be appointed by the committee to lead the project? So, basically the project lead becomes

the project coordinator responsible for overseeing the collection of data. Phase three involves the

TRVC ensuring that major tasks are being carried out by the appointed lead, this job is

continuous throughout the project timeline. Phase four is the community meeting. What I hope

this meeting will accomplish is giving a brief timeline of the work plan and explaining its phases

to the community. I will be meeting the communities in the Tantramar region to discuss the

structure of the project overall. With the community leads involvement, the consulting questions

and materials presented will adequately gather the issues of vulnerable populations in relation to

a potential disaster. Addressing issues means answering them. This meeting will make sure

concerns and needs are both voiced and heard by the Tantramar Regional Vulnerability

Committee and the project lead. Phase five requires that the project lead developing a

prioritization rubric to assess and rank potential stakeholders. Stakeholders will not be assessed

until after the community meeting because I would like the community as a whole to get of a

sense of the direction of the project. The reason why the populations are being prioritized is

because it would be far too big of a task to reach all of the vulnerable populations in the region,

so we are limiting the number to five populations maximum. Phase six involves the project lead

booking a venue, confirming a date and soliciting participants. Other tasks required are

promoting the event using multiple tactics, preparing questions and materials. These focus

groups with a handful of vulnerable people from the five key populations, recruited by the

project lead. They will be a great help to the research project because insight can be gained from

a wide variety of community members about issues they may face in the event of a disaster such

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as a flood. Phase seven involves the project lead contacting representatives of the five key

vulnerable populations to make sure the dates chosen work for them, booking a date and

confirming the venue. The project lead also needs to hold and conduct interviews with the five

key vulnerable populations to ask them the consultation questions for research purposes. By

doing this, research will be gathered that will gain insight into the concerns of the vulnerable

populations within the community in the event of a disaster. Phase eight involves the project lead

gathering the results from the research conducted and composing a summary from said results.

Phase nine involves the project lead-soliciting participants to complete an exit interview. This

brief exit survey will take place in September 2016, after the June end date. This is because it

will allow time for participants to reflect on the participatory action research and form their own

opinions on it. The lead will then compile the results into a summary and send results to the

TRVC. There will be two summaries, one for research results and one for the exit survey because

the research results are the project both end in June 2016. They will not be melded into one

document because of timing. The exit survey is very informal, and is only meant to be an

evaluation of the process and it’s impact from participants who took in the research process. This

ensures that each vulnerable population can voice their opinions and concerns to the project lead

of the overall process and their experiences. This will be in addition to input being gathered

throughout the four-month research period. The surveys will be distributed to members of the

focus groups and interviewee’s who were part of the research process. Phase ten involves the

project lead once again soliciting participants to complete a follow up survey via internet

correspondence, compiling results, and sending the results to the appropriate contact. The

purpose of the follow up interview is to have any thoughts and or added concerns addressed by

the involved parties once the have had time to mull over the project. This will be done in a

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timely fashion so that the committee will able to analyze and understand the impact of the

research once the community and region has had time to reflect.

Workplan

Project Phase or Milestone

Major Tasks or Activities

Timeline Responsibility/Lead

Required Resources or Inputs

Deliverables or Outputs

Indicators of Success

Phase 1- Project Onset

1. Provision of documents

2. Orient committee to carry out the consultation work plan the research project

By Jan. 21/16

consultant venue & date, participants, orientation package

orientation process completeddocuments provided

1 orientation process completed

Phase 2-Establish a project lead

Hold committee public meeting to appoint lead by majority vote

By Jan 21/16

TVPC (Tantramar Vulnerable Protection Committee).

project lead, quorum

project lead selected

1 project lead selected

Phase 3- Project Monitoring

Ensure major tasks are being carried out by appointed lead

continuous

Project Lead

project lead consult with TRVC

monitoring is completed.

The lead formally report to the committee, number of moniterig reports completed: 4

Phase 4- Hold community meeting for consultation with community as a whole

1. Solicit participants

2. Book venue date

3. Promote event using multiple tactics

4. Prep

By May 31/16

Project lead

venue & date,participants,outline for meeting

successful meeting, information is gathered, participants are aware of research

successful meeting, communities are informed

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Project Phase or Milestone

Major Tasks or Activities

Timeline Responsibility/Lead

Required Resources or Inputs

Deliverables or Outputs

Indicators of Success

consulting questions and materials

5. Hold meeting

process timeline and what it entails

Phase 5-Prioritize narrow focus to 5 key populations

1. Develop prioritization rubric to assess and rank stakeholders

2. Apply and select from rubric assessment

By Jan 21/16

TRVC n/a Rubric created, populations assessed

1 rubric created, 5 key vulnerable populations identified.

Phase 6- conduct focus group(s) select people from 5 key vulnerable populations

1. Solicit participants

2. Book venue and date

3. Promote event using multiple tactics

4. Prep questions and materials

5. Hold sessions

4 sessions by April 15/16, suggested dates TBD

Project lead

venue & date, participants,plan/outline for sessions

4 focus Groups are completed

4 focus groups are completed

Phase 7- Conduct one on one interviews with key representatives of 5 prioritized groups

1. Contact representatives

2. Book date and confirm venue

3. Hold and conduct interviews

By May 15/16

Project Lead

venue & date, 5 participants, interview questions

5 interviews conducted

5 interviews conducted Why 5?

Phase 8-Project Reporting and Project Completion project.

4. Gather results from research conducted

5. Compose a summary from results

6. Present summary to TRVC

By June 25th/16

Project lead

results and data from all research

1 project report and 1 project completed

1 project report and 1 project completed

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Project Phase or Milestone

Major Tasks or Activities

Timeline Responsibility/Lead

Required Resources or Inputs

Deliverables or Outputs

Indicators of Success

Phase 9 -Project follow up

1. Solicit participants to complete follow up survey

2. compile results

3. Send results to appropriate contact

September 30/16

Project lead

-questions for online survey

1 follow up 1 follow up with focus group participants

Phase 10 - Project Evaluation

1. Solicit participants to complete exit interview via correspondence

2. Compile results

3. Send results to appropriate contact, TRVC

June 30th/16

Project lead

-interview questions About what? Explain in the methodology.-participants

1 project evaluation

1 project evaluation

Consultation Questions

Do you have a safe place to go in the event of a flood? What health problems do you have? What are the top 5 things you’d take out of your house? What would emergency personnel need to know to get you out? Which possessions matter most to you? Do you have transportation in the event of a flood? Do you have an emergency kit? No? What do you think should be put in it? Picture you head flooded, Can you swim? If you picture water coming into your house, what pops in your mind? If I say the words flood and water what comes into your mind? What do you need to feel better? Do you drive? Do you have family members you can contact? Do you have a relative you can contact? Do can you live without electricity? Do you have assistance to evacuate your place of residence should you need to? How long could you stay in your home without assistance? How many hours could you

manage?

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Are you able to prepare your own meals? Do you have sufficient food to last a certain period of days? Do you have a generator? Do you have drinking water should your pump fail? Do you have sump pump in your basement to help in the event of a flood? Do you have extra medications on hand? Do you have a first aid kit? Do you have a radio with batteries to listen to a newscast? Do you have a whistle, flash light or air horn? Do you have family and emergency contact information? Do you have rain gear, such as rain boots or ponchos? Do you have a map of the area? Do you have a multipurpose tool? Do you have prepared copies of personal documents? Do you have an emergency blanket? Do you have an emergency fund?

Project Evaluation

The procedure in which the committee should evaluate the success of participatory research

consultation process will be by looking at an evaluation of the orientation workshop, how did it

go over? Was it a success? Were the indicators of success from the work plan fulfilled? In the

project overall, did the TRVC accomplish what they set out to do? Monitoring reports should be

examined and assessed in addition to the project evaluation that was completed. Other measures

include looking at whether or not the indicators of success were met, comparing the work plan

with the achieved results submitted at the end of June 2016. The post project follow up in

September 2016 can also be considered.

References

Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of

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Canada, and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Tri- Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans, December 2014, chapters 1, 3, 5, and 9.

Climate Change Secretariat. "Sea Level Rise and Flooding: What They Mean For New Brunswick's Coastal Communities." Atlantic Climate Adaptation Solutions Association (2012).

"Disability." Social Vulnerability to Disasters. Ed. Brenda Phillips, Deborah Thomas, William Lovecamp, and Alice Fothergill. Second ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2010. 199-234. Print.

Hood, Sabrina. "Planning for Climate Change in Coastal Regions of Tantramar, New Brunswick: Risks and Recommendations." (2008).

Marlin, Amanda, Lea Olsen, David Bruce, Jeff Ollerhead, Keith Singh, Jennifer Heckman,

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