"tjiiilf"'ffi" Fli:i'1,:ii?TlTipri""tiu"'% '#i"i"fiiil'l",,,i'i!'0"'

The trials for the school's sports daywere held to find out who was goodenough to enter the finals.

As expected, Ralph won the first threeraces.

1. playlng'fietd [ri:ld] = campo sportivo.

352

When the sports day arrived, theparents of the young studentsgathered at the playing-fields. 1

He put his headafter the rabbit.

down and he raced

the finals. The parents and friends were chatting at the refreshments tent I whilethe officials were busy with the last details. The headmaster was pleased with thenumber of people who had come. It was double or even triple that of the previousyear, and this was his twentieth year at the school.By the time the finals started three quarters of the competitors had beeneliminated. As expected, Ralph won the first three races. It was in the four hun-dred and forty yard race that the big surprise came. When the runners passed thehalfway mark,' a rabbit skipped on to the track, stopped, looked inquisitively atthe oncoming runners 3 and then ran away. Ralph reacted in an eitraordinaryway. He put his head down and, almost bent double, a he raced after the rabbit.The two disappeared into the nearby wood, and that was the last that was everseen of Ralph. 5

Vocabulary athlete ['æOli:tJjumper ['grrmpa*]stride [straid]official [a'fiJalJdetail ['di;teil]headmaster

['hed'ma:sto*]

!o admit [ed'mit]to chat [cæt]to eliminate

[i'limineit]to skip [skip]to react [ri'ækt]

atletasaltatoreandaturafunzionariodettagliopreside

ammetterechiacchierareeliminare

balzarereagire

clear [klie*]agile ['ægail]narrow ['nærau]sharp [Ja:pJpleased (with)

lpli:zdldouble ['dnbl]triple ['tripl]previous

['pri:vjes]nearby ['niabai]

inquisitively[in'kuizitivli]

chiaroagilestrettoacutosoddisfatto (di)

doppiotriploprecedente

vicino

cu riosamente

Ouestions1. What did everybody have to admit about the new boy at school?2. What was not very clear?3. \ilhat were the trials for the school's sports day held for?4. V/here did the new boy come in every track event?5. What was his strong point?6. What was his face like?7. What were his eyes like?8. How did he walk or run?9. Where did the parents of the young athletes gather when the sports day arrived?

10. What was the headmaster pleased with?11. How many competitors had been eliminated by the time the finals started?12. What did Ralph win, as expected?13. In which race did the big surprise come?14. What happened when the runners passed the halfway mark?15. How did Ralph react?16. What did he do then?

1. the refreshments tent = la tenda dei rinf reschi.ing runners = corridori che sopraggiungevano' 4

evér seen of Ralph = L'ultima volta che Ralph fu

354

2. halfway mark = segnale di metà corsa. 3. oncom-bent double = piegato in due. 5. the last that wasvisto.

Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding or lambcutlets for a typical Sunday lunch.

COI{VER,SATION

SimonStefano

Mr Bates

StufsnoMrs BqtesSimon

StefunoSimon

Mrs Bates

Lizzie

StefonoLizzie

Simon

Now you can,practise your English, Stefano.*Yes, but I think that it will be very difficult at the beginning. I will try not tomake too many rnistakes.Well, well! You've made a very good start, I Stefano. Your sentence wasquite perfect!Thank you, Mr Bates.Lunch is on the table. Let's sit down.I am sure that you have heard a lot of bad things about English food,Stefano.Yes, in Italy everybody says that the English do not eat very well...You just wait and see what my mother's cooking is like, 2 and perhaps youwill change your ideas about English food!You see, Stefano, lunch is a very light meal in this country because we have abig breakfast in the morning. In the evening we have a real meal...You've forgotten to tell Stefano about tea, Mother. In England one can eattea, as well as drink it!What do you mean?Apart from being 3 something to drink, tea is also the name of a small mealbetween lunch and supper. It consists of bread and butter and jam, and somecakes, and of course tea to drink.You see, Stefano, tea is so popular here that we are not satisfied with drink-ing it: we have to eat it too!

Vocabulary beginning[bi'ginitl]

start [sta:t]sentence

['sentans]mistake

[mis'teik]

as well as

tntzro

iniziof rase

errore

come pure

to practise['præktis]

to forget forgotforgotten

to satisfy['sætisfai]

perfect ['pa:fikt]light [ait]

esercitarsi (in)

dimenticare

soddisfare

perfettoleggero

* Stefano is an ltatian student who is in Engtand to improve his knowledge of the language. He ls gtaying

with the Bates. 1 to make a (very) good start - partire (molto) bene. 2. Yog iust wait and see what mymothefs cooklng is llke = Àspetifsoto e vedrai com'è la cucina di mia madre. Si osservi I'uso enfatico diyou davanti alla f-orma imperativa. 3. Apart lrom being = oltre ad essere'

356

TI{E POLICEMAN

AlanPolicemonAlanPolicemonAlanPolicemqn

Alan

Policemon

AlqnPoliceman

AIanPolicemon

Alan

Policemqn

Excuse me, officer. 1 Can you tell me the time?Certainly. It's half past ten.That's very kind of you. Are the police trained to be so polite all the time?Of course. It's impoitant that thipublic can approach a bobby 2 any time.I suppose you have to spend much of the day just talking to passers-by.

Quite so. I usually spend about half my time simply chatting to people. Thepatience you need for this job quite surprised me when I started it.It surprises me to hear that you have enough hours in the day to be standingin the street and talking to people.In one way 3 I haven't. The police force in this town is too small. Vy'e are on-ly two thirds the force we should be. a On the other hand talking to people ispart of a policeman's work.Do you mean they tell you who has been robbing a bank recently?Not only that. The public needs to know that the police are there and thatthe to\iln is a safe place to walk in.Do you think policemen should carry guns?No, I don't. At our police station we had a vote on it once, and only onefifth of the policemen thought that we should be armed. Guns don't seem todo the Amèrican police any good. Their murder rate 5 is quadruple theBritish rate, and many more American cops 6 are killed than we lose here.I see. So that's why we always say our police are wonderful. They do theirjob without killing people in the process. 7

And we are polite, too. Don't forget that. And now, may I close your celldoor? I can't spend all day talking to prisoners.

l/ocabulary public ['pnblik]force [fc:s]$un [gnn]vote [veut]cell [sel]prisoner

['prizna*]

polite [pa'lait]

pubblicoforza, corpoarma da fuocovotocellaprigioniero

cortese

to train [trein]to approach

[a'prauô]to surprise

Isa'praiz]to rob [rcb]to arm [a:m]to kill [kiUto close [kleuz]

addestrareawicinare

sorprendere

rapinarearmareucciderechiudere

1.

3.di

Officer è forma garbata per apostrofare un policeman. 2. Bobby è forma s/ang inglese per policeman.ln one way = .lÀ un certb senso. 4. we should be = dovremmo essere. 5. mutdel rato [reit] = tassoomicidi. 6. Cop è forma s/ang americana per policeman. 7. in the plocess ['preuses] = nel mentre.

357

ORIîL DRILL5

Read aloud:

E1. The first, the third, the fifth, the eighth,

the twelfth.2, The twentieth, the thirtieth, the fiftieth,

the hundredth.3. This is my first visit to London4. This is my second cigarette today.5. He phoned me for the third time.6. That was the fifth whisky he drank.7, For the third and last time, stop it!E- What is today's date?9. lt is the 1st of April.

10. Tomorrow it will be the 2nd of April.

a1. We left Milan on the 21st of April.2. We arrived in New York on the 22nd of

April.3. We left New York on the Bth of May.4. We arrived in London on the 15th of

May.5. We left London on the 23rd of May.6. We arrived in Paris on the 27lh of May.7. We left Paris on the 31st of May.8. We returned to Milan on the sth of June.9. We are leaving for New York on the

13th of June.10. We will stay in New York until the 22nd

of June.

E1. The patience of some people is

su rprising.2. I'm forgetting the French I studied at

school.I haven't got the money to buyI didn't have the opportunity ofhimCan you tell me the time?Are the children at school?When we are not well, we seedoctor.

a car.talking to

the

8. The lion is a wild animal.9. The sheep is a mild animal.

10. The rose is a beautiful f lower.

tr1. The book I bought cost me one pound.2. The magazine on the table is Susan's.3. The brand of these cigarettes is Virginia.4. ïhe November I spent in Milan was very

foggy.5. The Bob I mean is not the one you

know.6. The lady who phoned was my aunt.7. I don't like the car he bought.B. Will you pass me the sugai, please?9. The children went to the park.

10. Have you heard the news?

tr1. Ltzzie adores roses.2. Her favourite flowers are red roses.3. I hate carnations.4. Orchids are very expensive.5. Some children hate soap.6. Happiness is not easy to find.7. Humour helps people to live better.8. Tea is a very nice drink.9. ltalian shoes are very elegant.

10. English cloth is very good

E1. I don't like coffee.2. Thank you for the coffee.3. Life is wonderful, my dear!4. The life that we are leading is boring.q. Money does not give happiness.6. The money he sent me arrived

yesterday.

lnglish tobacco is not very strong.The tobacco he brought me was verygood.Beer is not an expensive drink.The beer we had was very strong.

3.4.

5.6.7.

7.8.

ov.

10.

l/ocabulary opportunity[cpa'tju:nitiI

lion [aien]carnation

Ika:'neirfanJorchid ['c:kid]

opportunità

leonegarofano

orchidea

soap [saup]happiness

['hæpinis]

foggy ['fcgi]strong [strcr3]

saponefelicità

nebbiosoforte

358

GRRft,Ift,IRR

NUMERI ORDINALI

I o the first [fa: st]20 the second ['sekandJ3o the third [Oa:d]40 the fourth [fc:0J5 o thi fifrh lfife]

6o the sixth [siksO]7 o the seventh ['sevn0]

8 o the eighth [eit0]

9" the ninth [nainO]10" the tenth [ten0]llo the eleventh

[i'levn0]12" the twelfth

ltuelf0l

I'ottavoil nonoil decimoI'undicesimo

il dodicesimo

il primoil secondoil terzoil quartoil quintoil sestoil settimo

1. Ad eccezione dei primi tre numeri (the first, the second, the third), i numeri ordinali siottengono mediante I'aggiunta di th at numero cardinale. Se i numeri ordinali sono scrittiin cifre, gueste si corredano con le due lettere finali del numero ordinale.

the first : the lst the twenty-first : the 21stthe second : the 2nd the twenty-second : the 22nilthe third = the 3rd the twenty-third : the 23rdthe fourth : the 4th the twenty-fourth : the 24ththe fifth = the 5th the twenty-fifth : the 25th

2. L numeri ordinali sono quasi sempre preceduti da articolo determinativo. Qualoravenga usato il numero romono, esso rifiuta l'articolo nella scritturo, che perô va pronun-ciato nella letturo.

He arrived the first Arrivô primoI am the tenth in the list Sono decimo nella listaElizabeth II I Elisabetta secondaHenry VIII Enrico ottavo

3. A differenza della lingua italiana, che usa il numero ordinale solo per il primo giornodi ogni mese, la lingua inglese impiega tl numero ordinale per ogni data del mese.

What is the date today? aual è la data di oggi?(What is today's date?)It is the lst of May È il l" maggioIt is the 14th of February È it t+ febbraio

OSSERYAZIONI

1) Quando la data è usata come complemento di tempo, essa è preceduta da on.

\ile left on the 21st of December Partimmo il 21 dicembreHe arrived on the 2nd of June Arrivô il 2 giugno

1. Leggasi Elizabeth the second, Henty the eighth.

359

2) Nelle lettere la dota viene scritta stlJ lato destro del foglio, in alto. Esistono varimodi di scrivere la data:

September 14th, 1986 (molto formale)Sept. 14th, 1986 (meno formale)14th September, 198614 September, 1986

NUMERI FRAZIONARI E MOLTIPLICATIVI

l. I numeri frazionari sono composti da un numero cardinale + un numero ordinale (adeccezione di quarter e haV : Ir€tà, mezzo). È il numero ordinale a prendere il ptuialequalora il numero lo richieda.

I've spent one third of my money Ho speso un terzo del mio danaroTwo thirds of the pupils stayed at home Due terzi degli alunni rimasero a casa

2. Delle forme duplicative sopra elencate, le forme in -fold sono alquanto letterarie. Tuttie tre i tipi di forme sono tanto aggettivi quanto avverbi. I

He has a double personality Ha una doppia personalitàHe has a twofold activity Ha una doppia attivitàI spent twice as much (money) Io spesi il doppio

NUMERI ITERATIVI

1. Si osservino le pronuncie di double ['d^bl], triplo ['tripU, quadruple ['kucdrupl], twolold ['tu:feuld],threefold ['0ri:feuld], tourfold ['fc:fould].

360

Frazionari

one quarterone halfone thirdone fifthtwo thirdstwo fifths

Moltiplicativi

double 1

triplequadruple

twofoldthreefoldfourfold

un quarto (l / 4)un mezzo (l/2)un terzo (l/3)un quinto (l/5)due terzi (2/3)due quinti (2/ 5)

twice as muchthree times as muchfour times as much

doppiotriploquadruplo

Once una volta four times quattro voltetwice due volte a hundred times cento voltethree tirnes tre volte a thousand times mille volte(thrice è usato in poesia)

Si ossemi:

tutte le volte che

ARTICOLO DETERMINATIVO

Nomi plurali

non specfficati

Women like jewelsBoys like sports cars

specificati

The jewels of that lady were wonderful

The sports cars we saw were wonderful

Alle donne piacciono i gioielliAi ragazzi piacciono le auto sportive

I gioielli di quella signora eranomeravigliosiLe auto sportive che vedemmo eranomeravigliose

Nomi singolari

specificati

The time weThe green ofwonderful

have is not muchthe landscape was

The patience she has is extraordinaryThe car we bought was second-hand

The fox ran awayThe teacher was angry

non specfficati non numerabili

Time is moneyGreen is my favourite colourPatience is a rare virtue

non specificati numerabili

The car has become a necessityThe fox is a cunning animalThe teacher has to be impartial

n tempo che abbiamo non è molton verde del paesaggio era meraviglioso

La pazienza che ha è straordinariaL'auto che comprammo era di secondamanoLa volpe corse viaL'insegnante era arrabbiato

n tempo è danaron verde è il mio colore preferitoLa pazienza è una virtù rara

L'auto è diventata una necessitàLa volpe è un animale astutoL'insegnante dev'essere imparziale

1. Come si puô osservare negli esempi dello schema sopra riportato, l'articolo deter-minotivo the si usa in inglese in due casi:.

a) con i nomi singolari o plurali seguiti da specfficazione, e quindi non usati in sensogenerale. Si tenga presente che l'aggettivo qualiftcativo non rappresenta sufficientespecfficazione per giustificare I'uso dell'articolo determinativo.

The old prints on the wall are beautiful Le vecchie stampe sui muro sonobellissime

The furniture in this room is very old I mobili di questa stanza sono moltovecchi

The furniture we bought is very modern I mobili che comprammQ sono molto.moderni

I had the opportunity of seeing her Ebbi l?opportunità di vederlaI haven't got the time to go there Non ho il tempo di andarviWhere are the children? Dove sono i bambini?

361

OSSERVAZIONE

Per specificozione di un nome si intenda qualsiasi complemento (di specificazione, luogo,ecc.), una frase relativa, un infinito od una forma in ing preceduta da preposizione (of ,

for, ecc.). Si noti inoltre che un nome puô esserc implicitamente speciftcalo e di con-seguenza richiede I' articolo determinativo.

b) con i nomi singolari numerabili (gli ostratti, ad esempio, non sono numerabilf) usati insenso generale.

The baker sells bread Il fornaio vende il paneThe oak is a majestic tree La quercia è un albero maestosoIhe ox is a patient animal Il bue è un animale paziente

2. L'articolo determinativo si usa inoltre sempre davanti ai seguenti nomi:

a) sun sole soul animamoon luna mind menteearth terra body corposky cielo country campagnaair aria city cittàwind vento cinema (pictures) cinemasea(side) mare theatre teatroocern oceano radio radioworld mondo king reuniverse universo queen regina

I like sitting in the sun Mi piace sedere al soleThe earth is a planet La terra è un pianetaWe listened to the radio Ascoltammo la radioWe always go to the theatre Andiamo sempre a teatro

b) i nomi collettivi, ad eccezione di parliament (parlamento), people (gente) e society(società):

The family is the basis of society La famiglia è la base della societàThe police are looking for him La polizia lo cercaPeople are talking a lot La gente sta parlando molto

c'1 i nomi di nazione plurali, e quelli di fiumi, mari ed oceani.

I've never been to the United States Non sono mai stato negli Stati UnitiThe Thames flows into the North Sea Il Tamigi sfocia nel Mare del NordThe Atlantic is a huge ocean L'Atlantico è un immenso oceano

d) gli aggettivi sostantivati, indicanti un'intera categoria di persone od un popolo:

The old need help I vecchi hanno bisogno di aiutoDo you like the English? Ti piacciono gli Inglesi?

3. Oltre ai casi di nomi plurali e singolari non accompagnati da sptsciltss4ione (eccetto inomi singolori numerabili, come si è visto), l'articolo determinativo non viene mai usatocon:

a) i nomi dei pasti e di talune bevande (coffee, tea, ecc.):

Lunch is ready La colazione è prontaHave you had tea? Avete preso il tè?

362

c) i nomi di parti del corpo, vestiario od effetti perslonali, dovel'articolo viene sostituitodall'aggettivo possessivo. Avere + parte del corpo diviene to have + a (an) ... quandoessa è singolare, e to have + parte del corpo quando questa è plurale.

b) i nomi propri preceduti da titolo:

Mr Brown is here, sirQueen Blizabeth is at Windsor

Have you washed your hands?Have you brushed your teeth?She has u red noseShe has large feet

d) i nomi di nazioni, regioni, isole,nomi, se plurali, prendono l'articolo.

They come from BritainJersey is one of the Channel IslandsLake Maggiore is beautifulMont Blanc is in the Alps

e) i nomi di strade, piazze e stazioni:

Where is Piccadilly Street?We are going to Trafalgar SquareThey went to Victoria Station

0 i nomi man e lYoman, usati in

Man is weakWoman is fickle

n signor Brown è eui, signoreLa regina Elisabettà è a Windsor

Ti sei lavato le mani?Ti sei lavato i denti?Ha il naso rossoHa i piedi grandi

montagne e laghi di numero singolare. Gli stessi

Vengono dalla Gran BretagnaJersey è una delle isole della Manicail Lago Maggiore è bellissimoil Monte Bianco è nelle Alpi

Dov'è la via Piccadilly?Andiamo alla piazza Trafal garAndarono alla stazione Vittoria.

senso generale:

L'uomo è deboleLa donna è mobile

Portami una tazza di tè, per favoreTi porterô un ricordo da Londra

Le portô dei fiori

LtrXNGAL N@Ttrg

vERBt COtt ptÙ TRADUZTONT

pofiare

1) to bring brought brought. È usato nel senso di portare owicinando (a sé, allapersona con cui si parla o di cui si parla).

Bring me a cupI'll bring you adonHe brought her

of tea, pleasesouvenir from Lon-

some flowers

363

EA

ORIîL IîND URITT€N DRILS

ln the îollowing passage live delinite articles have deliberately been introduced, thoughtheir use is wrong. Find them and cross them out.

DANGER TO SOCIETY

Ihe streets of London were empty and the moon was shining. Arthur and Jane were walkingalong tf,e bank of the Thames, watching the river flow into the North Sea. They paqqeq 9n theWeslminster Bridge. Jane thought of London as the centre of fhe universe. She said: "And allthat mighty heart is lying still", ' quoting a poet.Arthur looked at her, puzzled. He was hungry, and he had not enjoyed the film. "Ihe peopledon't realize, but Parliament is a danger to society", said Jane. Arthur looked at t e Houses ofParliament. They didn't look very dangerous and he said so."Oh, don't you see?" said Jane. "That is the organization that controls our lives. Parliamentcontrols fhe law, the army, tl,e navy, ffie police, everything". "Well, I think that Parliament con-trols them very well", said Arthur. "Yes, but it CONTROLS them!", insisted Jane.Arthur was bored by tfis conversation, and so he proposed a meal in a restaurant.

"This is not fhe time for food", said Jane. But she followed Arthur towards the lights of fheParliament Square.As they crossed fâe road, a car nearly hit Jane, who was walking with her eyes closed,

lT#Xt"?n;, a danger to society. tt shoutd 2 be bannedt", said Jane. Arthur was beginning towonder whether 3 Jane's mind revolved only around "dangers to society". He decided tochange fhe subject."Would you like a Hamburger with peanut butter?" 4 he asked."No. I will not eat peanut butter", said Jane. "lt causes fhe cancer"."Perhaps you would enjoy a Hamburger with a fried egg on top?",5 asked Arthur."No, thank you. There's too much cholesterol in tfre egg yolk", 6 said Jane. Arthur thoughtseriously for about two minutes, then he asked: "Jane, is there anything in the world that you

Yi::|Xffir;", answered Jane. "t shoutd tike to marry you. I think that the contradictions in ourcharacters would make a great marriage".Arthur became thoughtful. Then he said: "Ifie marriage is a danger to society"!

Uocabulary moOn [mu:n]bank [bænk]poet ['pauit]danger ['deinga*]cancer ['kænsa*]cholesterol

Ike'lestercU

thoughtf ul['0c:tful]

to flow [fleu]to pause [pc:z]

lunariva, spondapoetapericolocancrocolesterolo

pensoso

scorrerearrestarsi

to quote [kuautJto shine shone

shone [Jain

"fcnIto puzzle ['pnzl]to control

[kan'traul]to cross [krcs]to hit hit hit

thirlto ban [bæn]to revolve

[ri'vclv]

citaresplendere

sconcertarecontrollare

attraversareinvestire

bandireruotare

1. "And all that mighty heart ls lying still' = "E tutto quel possente cuore giace immoto". 2. lt should= dovrebbe. 3. to wonder whether ['ueôe*] = chiedersi se. 4. peanut butler = burro di arachidi. 5. wiiha lrled egg on lop = con sopra un uovo fritto. 6. egg yolk [ieuk] = 1u611e.

365

aA L I FE -AND -DEATH - S TRUGGLEX

Christianity and lslam had long been engaged in a life-and-death struggle. At last, in fifteenseventy (1570), Pope Gregory finally formed the Holy Alliance between Venice, the Papal States,and Spain, to declare war against the Turks.The allied fleets set sail; and the Turks also put to sea. The Christian fleet found the Turks at an-chor in the Bay of Lepanto, and gave battle. The opposing fleets grappled; and the Spaniardssprang on board the enemy ships, sword in hand, and fell,on the foe. Once they had set foot, onthe eÀemy decks, the Moslems fought tooth and nail. I Cervantes, ill and weak with fever,played the part of a gallant Spanish gentleman. At lirst the rival commanders had their men wellin hand. But after a while, the Venetians wavered. They were never, however, really out of hand,and soon rallied. Little by little, the Moslem ships began to catch fire, and sink, and theirresistance broke down 2 completely. Those which the allies did not set fire to drew off, 3 andstole away a under cover 5 of

'the dârkness, making for 6 a {riendly port. The Christians pursued

them, and many could not get away. But others shook off ' their pursuers and made Bort in safe-ty. By the evening, the rout was complete. Don Juan of Austria leaned on his sword to takeOreat-n. But he wdutO not rest on his dars. I Soon he was to follow up e the victory; and, alterhaving beaten the enemy by sea, would live up to 10 his newly gained reputation by thoroughlyrouting them also on land, thus definitely finishing off his task.When Thomas, the new Archbishop of Canterbury, took office, he fought Henry the Second toothand nail, in defence of ecclesiastical privileges. Henry badly wanted to get rid of him, by hook orby crook. 11 So, one day at dinner, in the presence of three knights who he knew would stick atnothing, rz he complained strongly that he had no friend to strike his enemy down. 13 He distinct-ly hinted that now was the time for his real friends to prove their real worth. The knights, whoknew very well what he was driving at, ra took ship at once, and crossed the Channel fôm southto north. Sword in hand, and clothed in armour lrom head to foot, they burst in 15 on the Ar-chbishop while he was saying Mass. Some ol the people who were in church at Mass tried tostop them; but the knights put them to flight, 16 and murdeted their victim at the altar. The newsspread by word of mouth from east to west, from south to north, and the outcry grew moreenormous from day to day. Henry, greatly fearing that his people would take up arms againsthim, and that his dominions would be ravaged by fire and sword, by his indignant neigh[ours,set sail at once from France to make peace with his people and with the Church. He found thenation in mourning, 17 dressed in black in honour of ine martyred prelate. To placate them, hesent word to have the murderers arrested. But they had left home and taken to flight. t8 Henry'sguilt weighed heavily on his conscience, so that, for his peace of mind as much as to calmpublic opinion, he had to go to the Abbey, hat in hand, to ask for pardon, and do penancethoroughly, by permitting the monks of Westminster to scourge him with rods. But the memoryof his deed lived on, re and he was never able really to live down 20 the disgrace of it. From firstto last, the incident constitutes an unpleasant page in the history of England.

(*) Nel brano seguente si osservi I'omissione dell'articolo in espressioni idiomatiche. 1. to llght tooth andnall = combattere coi denti e colle unghie. 2. to bleak down = crollare. 3. to draw off = ritirarsi. 4. tostgal away = fuggire di nascosto. 5. under cover (o0 = sotto la protezione (di). 6. to make lor = dirigeÊsi verso. 7. to shake otf = liberarsi di. 8. to rest on one's oats = riposare sugli allori. 9. to lollow up= conseguire. 10. to llve up (to) - essere all'altezza (di). 11. by hook or by crook= per amore o per for-za. 12. lo stick at nothing = non avere scrupolo alcuno. 13. lo etrike down = abbattere. 14. to drive(at) = mirare (a). 15. to burst in (on) = irrompere (addosso). 16. to Put to lllght = mettere in fuga.17. in moumlng = a lutto. 18. to take to llight = darsi alla fuga. 19. to live on = soprawivere.20. tollve down = riscattare, far dimenticare.

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a1.2.3.4.

Translate into English:

E1. La prima volta che vado a Londra ti

manderÔ una cartolina.2. Questa è la seconda volta che ti dico di

non dire sciocchezze.3. Per la lerza ed ultima volta, smetti di

parlare !

4, Questa è la mia quinta visita a (fo)Londra in due anni.

5. Enrico Vlll visse nel XVI secolo.6. Elisabetta I era figlia di Enrico Vlll.7. Questa è la mia decima lezione.8. Quel cavallo arrivô settimo.9. Essi frequentano la quarta classe. I

10. Giovanni Xxlll fu un grande papa.

Qual è la data di oggi?È il due di dicembré.Credevo fosse il tre di dicembre.ll giorno che partimmo per Londra era il20 giugno.Ritorneremo a Londra il cinque diagosto.Dove sarete il quattordici agosto?ll 20 agosto partiremo per un viaggio didieci giorni.

8. Saremo di ritorno il 31 agosto.9. Abbiamo fatto due terzi della traduzione.

10. lo (ne) ho tradotta metà.

tr1. La pesca è uno sport eccitante.2. La pesca che facemmo in Sardegna fu

7.

tr

molto eccitante.Mi sono sempre piaciute le rose rosse.Grazie per le rose rosse che mi hamandato.Lo zio fuma sempre i sigari.Dove sono i sigari che ho comPrato aLondra?ll tempo è danaro.

8. Non ho il tempo per leggere libri.9. Leggo solo i giornali.

10. Dove sono i giornali del mattino?

tr1. ll fruttivendolo vende frutta e verdura.2. Compriamo tè e caffè dal droghiere.3. Sei stata dal dottore, Susan?4. Oggi devo andare dal dentista.5. Voglio uscire e godermi il sole.6. ll vento non mi è mai Piaciuto'7. Passammo due settimane di vacanza al

mare.8. Abbiamo una casetta in campagna.9. Stasera andremo a teatro.

10. Noi andiamo spesso al cinema.

E1. La polizia sta cercando quell'uomo.2. Parlarono della società e della famiglia.3. Alla gente piace Parlare.4. ll Canada appartiene al Commonwealth.5. L'ltalia è un bellissimo Paese.6. L'lnghilterra ha antiche tradizioni.7. La Sicilia è una grande isola.8. Andremo a vivere negli Stati Uniti.9. Hanno una villa sul Lago Maggiore.

10. Le Alpi sono uno sPettacolo.

E1. Stamattina non ho fatto la Prima

colazione.2. ll pranzo non è pronto.3. Quella ragazza ha le gambe lunghissime.4. Hai il naso rosso oggi.5. Vado a lavarmi le mani.6. Chi ti lavô la camicia?7. La Signora Bates andÔ a trovare gli

Smith.8. La zia è uscita con la nonna.9. La zta ha imParato I'inglese in

Inghilterra.10. La mamma ed il PaPà sono andati a

teatro.

5.

6.7.

3.4.

5.6.

Stefano è uno studente italiano che è in lnghilterra per migliorare la sua conoscenza dellalingua. Ora sta parlando con Simon, Lizzie ed i loro genitori. .. .

La-colazione è in tavola. Stefano ha certamente sentito un sacco di brutte cose sul cibo inglese,dice Simon. Ma forse cambierà idea dopo aver visto com'è la cucina di sua madre. Poi Simonspiega che la 2" colazione è un pasto molto leggero in lnghilterra perché la colazione al mattinoé'môtto grossa. Lizzie interrompô Simon per dirè che in lnghilterra si puô anche mangiare il tè.

Stefano ion capisce. Lizzie spiega che il tè è anche il nome di un piccolo pasto fra la 2a cola-zione e la cenâ. Pane, burro, màrmellata, qualche pasticcino, e naturalmente tè da bere.

1. c/asse = form. 2. spettacolo = sight.

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