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8/3/2019 02-The Live Part of Cell
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2nd meeting
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INDICATOR
The students can identify manyorganelles from the picture ofplant cell
The students can mention thefunction of plant cell organelles
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The basic unit of organismTerm cellule was first used by Robert
Hooke in 1665Cellule is the name of the cavities
surrounded by walls that he saw incork
Still later the protoplasm, thesubstance within the cell, wasdiscovered
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In 1831 Robert Brown discoveredthe nucleus in an epidermal cell
of an orchid plantIn 1846 Hugo von Mohl
distinguished between the
protoplasm and the cell sapIn 1862 Kolliker introduced the
term cytoplasm
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The cytoplasm comprises part of theprotopast
A viscous substance which more or lesstransparent in visible light
Chemically structure is very complex Cytoplasm streaming can frequently be
seen with microscope in living cell
Various minute structures werediscovered within cytoplasm Cytoplasm is delimited from the cell wall
by unit membrane termed the plasmalemma, and from vacuole by tonoplast
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Unit
membraneconsist ofbimolecular
lipid layercovered oneach site witha layer ofrotein
Inner layer
Outer layer
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Protein integral
Proteinekstrinsik
hidrofilik
hidrofobikfosfolipid
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1. NUCLEUS (INTI SEL)2. ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM3. GOLGI APPARATUS4. MITOCHONDRIA5. PLASTIDS6. RIBOSOM
7. MIKROBODI/PEROXISOMES8. SPHEROSOM9. MICROTUBULES
1
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Usually more or less sphericalSurrounded by an envelope (nuclear
envelope) and contain the nuclearmatrix (nucleoplasm), one or morenucleoli
The nuclear envelope consist of twounit membranes
Nuclear envelope has pores
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In the nucleoplasm chromosomeconsisting DNA and protein which has
affinity is called chromatinNucleus has a role in cell
reproduction
The nucleoli are very dense, granular,and fibrillar in structure, are notbound by membrane
They contain RNA, DNA and protein
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Consist of 2 unit membranesenclosing a narrow space betweenthem
The shape of cisternae, tubules, orvesicle
In a special form the ER occurs in
cytoplasmic strands, calledplasmodesmataWhen ribosomes adhere to surface
of ER it is termed granular or rough
ER
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The association with ribosomes isinterpreted as evidence that the
rough ER is involved in proteinsynthesis
It has been suggested that the ERserves as in intracellular transportsystem
Play role in formation of cell wall andsecretion
Become big for protein stored oranother roduct
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Consist of a system ofstack circularcisternae thatboundary with
smooth unitmembrane
Each stack is termedGolgi body ordictyosome
Golgi bodies areconcern withsecretion processes
The Golgi bodiesmainly involved in thesecretion of sugar,
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Organelles which can be seenwith the light microscope whenliving cells are stained withJanus green B
There are various forms:spherical, elongated, lobed
The diameter about 0,5 m andup to 6 m in length
Surrounded by 2 unitmembranes and the inner
membrane forms cristae intothe matrix
The function for energysupplying through respiration
There are many DNA, RNA, andribosomes
Mitochondria termed semi
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Organelles characteristic of plant celland have no homologues in the animal
cellVary in forms, size and pigmentationTe principal types are: chloroplast,
chromoplast and leucoplastChloroplast are green as a result of thepigment chlorophyll
Chromoplast are usually yellow,
orange or red because of the
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Leucoplast are non pigmented plastid, usuallylocated in tissues not exposed to light, andthey store plant product such as starch,
protein and fat All type of plastids are derived fromproplastids which are present in meristematiccells
They are bound by envelope consisting of 2unit membranes
The inner membrane system embedded in aproteinaceous matrix or stroma that contain
fibrils of DNA and ribosomes
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grana
frets
thyakoid
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Small particles that occur free in thecytoplasm, on the out side of the ERmembranes, in the nucleus, chloroplast, and
mitochondriaThey consist of RNA and proteins Ribosomes united into clusters are involved in
protein synthesis
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Small bodies, 0,5 1,5 m in diameter Bound by a single membrane and their matrix
appear granular or fibrillar
Contain enzymes In leaves of higher plants, associated with
chloroplast, microbodies called peroxisomes They are sites for oxidation of glycolic acids, a
product of CO2 fixation They occur during the germination of seed which
store fats as a reserve and contain enzymesnecessary for the breakdown of fatty acids to acetylcoA and synthesis of succinate from acetyl coA, arecalled glyoxysomes
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Spherosomes arespherical lipid
bodies Spherosomes are
surrounded by amembrane
Spherosomesoriginated as oil-containing vesiclesdetached from theER
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Microtubules arestraight,
elongated, hollowstructurecomposed ofglobular protein
subunitsTheir average
diameter is 23 27 nm
Occur in the